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gs that identify network interfaces of vm instances in the same vpc network as the firewall rule for the maximum number of source network tags per firewall rule see per firewall rule limits for details about how packet source addresses are matched when using this implicit source specification see how source network tags and source service accounts imply packet sources source service accounts one or more service accounts that identify network interfaces of vm instances in the same vpc network as the firewall rule for the maximum number of source service accounts per firewall rule see per firewall rule limits for details about how packet source addresses are matched when using this implicit source specification see how source network tags and source service accounts imply packet sources a valid source combination for all of the following combinations the effective source set is the union of the ipv4 or ipv6 addresses that are explicitly specified and the ip address ranges that are implied by source network tag or source service account a combination of source ipv4 ranges and source network tags a combination of source ipv6 ranges and source network tags a combination of source ipv4 ranges and source service accounts a combination of source ipv6 ranges and source service accounts important network tags and service accounts cannot be used in the same firewall rule for more information see filtering by service account versus network tag how source network tags and source service accounts imply packet sources when an ingress firewall rule uses a source network tag the packets must be emitted from a network interface that meets the following criteria the network interface must be in the vpc network where the firewall rule is defined and the network interface must be associated with a vm that has a network tag that matches at least one of the firewall rule s source network tags when an ingress firewall rule uses a source service account the packets must be emitted from a network interface that meets the following criteria the network interface must be in the vpc network where the firewall rule is defined and the network interface must be associated with a vm that has a service account that matches one of the firewall rule s source service accounts in addition to specifying a network interface when an ingress firewall rule uses either a source network tag or a source service account packets emitted from the network interface of the vm must use one of the following valid source ip addresses the primary internal ipv4 address of that network interface any ipv6 addresses assigned to that network interface if an ingress firewall rule also contains destination ip address ranges the network interface bound to a network tag is resolved to the same ip version as the destination ip range no other packet source ip addresses are implied when using source network tags or source service accounts for example alias ip ranges and external ipv4 address associated with the network interface are excluded if you need to create ingress firewall rules whose sources include alias ip address ranges or external ipv4 addresses use source ipv4 ranges sources for egress rules you can use the following sources for egress firewall rules default implied by target if you omit the source parameter from an egress rule packet sources are defined implicitly as described in targets and ip addresses for egress rules source ipv4 ranges a list of ipv4 addresses in cidr format source ipv6 ranges a list of ipv6 addresses in cidr format follow these guidelines to add source ip address ranges for egress rules if a vm interface has both internal and external ipv4 addresses assigned only the internal ipv4 address is used during rule evaluation if you specify both source and destination parameters in an egress rule use the same ip version for both parameters you can use either an ipv4 address range or an ipv6 address range but not both for details see destinations for egress rules destination parameter destinations can be specified by using ip address ranges which are supported by both ingress and egress rules the default destination behavior depends on the direction of the rule destinations for ingress rules you can use the following destinations for ingress firewall rules default implied by target if you omit the destination parameter from an ingress rule packet destinations are defined implicitly as described in targets and ip addresses for ingress rules destination ipv4 ranges a list of ipv4 addresses in cidr format destination ipv6 ranges a list of ipv6 addresses in cidr format follow these guidelines to add destination ip address ranges for ingress rules if a vm interface has both internal and external ipv4 addresses assigned only the internal ipv4 address is used during rule evaluation if you specify both source and destination parameters in an ingress rule then the source parameters are resolved into the same ip version as the destination ip address range to learn more about how to define sources for ingress rules see sources for ingress rules destinations for egress rules you can use the following destinations for egress firewall rules default destination range when you omit a destination specification in an egress rule google cloud uses the default destination ipv4 address range 0 0 0 0 0 any ipv4 address the default value does not include ipv6 destinations destination ipv4 ranges a list of ipv4 addresses in cidr format destination ipv6 ranges a list of ipv6 addresses in cidr format source and target filtering by service account you can use service accounts to create firewall rules that are more specific in nature for both ingress and egress rules you can use service accounts to specify targets for ingress rules you can specify the source for incoming packets as the primary internal ip address of any vm in the network where the vm uses a particular service account the service account must be created in the same project as the firewall rule before you create a firewall rule that relies on it while the system does not stop you from creating a rule that uses a service account from a different project the rule is not enforced if the service account doesn t exist in the firewall rule s project note you cannot use workload identity federation for gke service accounts in the vpc firewall rules for source and target filtering firewall rules that use service accounts to identify instances apply to both new instances created and associated with the service account and existing instances if you change their service accounts changing the service account associated with an instance requires that you stop and restart it you can associate service accounts with individual instances and with instance templates used by managed instance groups note in projects with a standalone vpc a vpc that does not participate in shared vpc you can only use service accounts from that project as firewall rule criteria in projects using shared vpc you can use service accounts from the host project or any service project as firewall rule criteria if you create a firewall rule that uses service accounts that do not match these two scenarios the firewall rule will not be enforced filter by service account versus network tag this section highlights key points to consider when deciding if you should use service accounts or network tags to define targets and sources for ingress rules if you need strict control over how firewall rules are applied to vms use target service accounts and source service accounts instead of target network tags and source network tags a network tag is an arbitrary attribute one or more network tags can be associated with an instance by any identity and access management iam principal who has permission to edit it iam principals with the compute engine instance admin role to a project have this permission iam principals who can edit an instance can change its network tags which could change the set of applicable firewall rules for that instance a service account represents an identity associated with an instance only one service account can be associated with an instance you control access to the service account by controlling the grant of the service account user role for other iam principals for an iam principal to start an instance by using a service account that principal must have the service account user role to at least use that service account and appropriate permissions to create instances for example having the compute engine instance admin role to the project you cannot mix and match service accounts and network tags in any firewall rule you cannot use target service accounts and target network tags together in any firewall rule ingress or egress if you specify targets by target network tag or target service account the following are invalid sources for ingress firewall rules targets invalid sources target network tags source service accounts combination of source ip ranges and source service accounts target service account source network tags combination of source ip ranges and source network tags following are operational considerations for service accounts and network tags changing a service account for an instance requires stopping and restarting it adding or removing network tags can be done while the instance is running there are a maximum number of target service accounts source service accounts target network tags and source network tags that can be specified for firewall rules for more information see per firewall rule limits if you identify instances by network tag the firewall rule applies to the primary internal ip address of the instance service account firewall rules apply to the gke node not the gke pod roles and permissions the following table describes the iam permissions that you need for working with vpc firewall rules task required permission sample role create a firewall rule compute firewalls create compute security admin role roles compute securityadmin delete a firewall rule compute firewalls delete compute security admin roles compute securityadmin make changes to firewall rules compute firewalls update compute security admin role roles compute securityadmin view details about a firewall rule compute firewalls get compute network viewer role roles compute networkviewer view a list of firewall rules compute firewalls list compute network viewer role roles compute networkviewer use cases the following use cases demonstrate how firewall rules work in these examples all the firewall rules are enabled ingress cases ingress firewall rules control incoming connections from a source to target instances in your vpc network the source for an ingress rule can be defined as one of the following a range of ipv4 or ipv6 addresses the default is any ipv4 address 0 0 0 0 0 other instances in your vpc network identified by network tags other instances in your vpc network identified by service account other instances in your vpc network identified by range of ipv4 or ipv6 address and by network tag other instances in your vpc network identified by range of ipv4 or ipv6 addresses and by service account the default source is any ipv4 address 0 0 0 0 0 if you want to control incoming connections for sources outside your vpc network including other sources on the internet use a range of ip addresses in cidr format ingress rules with an allow action permit incoming traffic based on the other components of the rule in addition to specifying the source and target for the rule you can limit the rule to apply to specific protocols and destination ports similarly ingress rules with a deny action can be used to protect instances by blocking incoming traffic based on the firewall rule components caution you can also use target service accounts or target network tags to specify the ingress destinations if you do that you limit how you can specify the source for the rule for more information see filtering by service account versus network tag ingress examples figure 1 illustrates some examples where firewall rules can control ingress connections the examples use the target parameter in rule assignments to apply rules to specific instances figure 1 in this example vpc network the allow ingress firewall rules override the implied deny ingress rule for some vms click to enlarge an ingress rule with priority 1000 is applicable to vm 1 this rule allows incoming tcp traffic from any ipv4 source 0 0 0 0 0 tcp traffic from other instances in the vpc network is allowed subject to applicable egress rules for those other instances vm 4 is able to communicate with vm 1 over tcp because vm 4 has no egress rule blocking such communication only the implied allow egress rule is applicable because vm 1 has an external ip this rule also permits incoming tcp traffic from external hosts on the internet and from vm 2 via external ip addresses vm 2 has no specified ingress firewall rule so the implied deny ingress rule blocks all incoming traffic connections from other instances in the network are blocked regardless of egress rules for the other instances because vm 2 has an external ip there is a path to it from external hosts on the internet but the implied deny ingress rule blocks external incoming traffic as well an ingress rule with priority 1000 is applicable to vm 3 this rule allows tcp traffic from instances in the network with the network tag client such as vm 4 tcp traffic from vm 4 to vm 3 is allowed because vm 4 has no egress rule blocking such communication only the implied allow egress rule is applicable because vm 3 does not have an external ip there is no path to it from external hosts on the internet egress cases egress firewall rules control outgoing connections from target instances in your vpc network egress rules with an allow action permit traffic from instances based on the other components of the rule for example you can permit outbound traffic to specific destinations such as a range of ipv4 addresses on protocols and destination ports that you specify similarly egress rules with a deny action block traffic based on the other components of the rule every egress rule needs a destination the default destination is any ipv4 address 0 0 0 0 0 but you can create a more specific destination by using a range of ipv4 or ipv6 addresses in cidr format when specifying a range of ip addresses you can control traffic to instances in your network and to destinations outside your network including destinations on the internet egress examples figure 2 illustrates some examples where firewall rules can control egress connections the examples use the target parameter in rule assignments to apply rules to specific instances figure 2 in this example vpc network the deny egress firewall rules override the implied allow egress rule for some vms click to enlarge vm 1 has no specified egress firewall rule so the implied allow egress rule lets it send traffic to any destination connections...
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