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city manager wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 responsibilities 2 history 3 profile 4 see also 5 references 6 further reading 7 external links toggle the table of contents city manager 11 languages العربية deutsch فارسی français bahasa indonesia italiano norsk bokmål русский simple english svenska tiếng việt edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia administrative manager of an american city this article is about city managers in the united states for county and city managers in the republic of ireland see chief executive irish local government for county managers in the united states see county executive part of the politics series common forms of local government executive and legislature separate mayor council council manager executive and legislature fused city commission direct democratic forms town meeting representative town meeting politics portal v t e a city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council manager form of city government 1 local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer ceo or chief administrative officer cao in some municipalities 2 3 responsibilities edit in a technical sense the term city manager in contrast to chief administrative officer cao implies more discretion and independent authority than is set forth in a charter or some other body of codified law as opposed to duties being assigned on a varying basis by a single superior such as a mayor 4 as the top appointed official in the city the city manager is typically responsible for most if not all of the day to day administrative operations of the municipality in addition to other expectations 5 6 some of the basic roles responsibilities and powers of a city manager include supervision of day to day operations of all city departments and staff through department heads oversight of all recruitment dismissal disciplining and suspensions preparation monitoring and execution of the city budget which includes submitting each year to the council a proposed budget package with options and recommendations for its consideration and possible approval main technical advisor to the council on overall governmental operations public relations such as meeting with citizens citizen groups businesses and other stakeholders the presence of a mayor may alter this function somewhat operating the city with a professional understanding of how all city functions operate together to their best effect attends all council meetings but does not have any voting rights 7 additional duties that may be assigned by the council 5 6 the responsibilities may vary depending upon charter provisions and other local or state laws rules and regulations in addition many states such as the states of new hampshire and missouri have codified in law the minimum functions a local manager must perform 8 the city manager position focuses on efficiency and providing a certain level of service for the lowest possible cost 9 the competence of a city manager can be assessed using composite indicators 10 manager members of the international city county management association icma are bound by a rather rigid and strongly enforced code of ethics that was originally established in 1924 since that time the code had been up dated revised on seven occasions the latest taking place in 1998 the updates have taken into account the evolving duties responsibilities and expectations of the profession however the core dictate of the body of the code to integrity public service seek no favor exemplary conduct in both personal and professional matters respect the role and contributions of elected officials exercise the independence to do what is right political neutrality serve the public equitably and governing body members equally keep the community informed about local government matters and support and lead our employ ees have not changed since the first edition 11 history edit municipal government diagram most sources trace the first city manager to staunton virginia 12 in 1908 some of the other cities that were among the first to employ a manager were sumter south carolina 1912 and dayton ohio 1914 dayton was featured in the national media and became a national standard the first city manager s association meeting of eight city managers was in december 1914 13 the city manager operating under the council manager government form was created in part to remove city government from the power of the political parties and place management of the city into the hands of an outside expert who was usually a business manager or engineer with the expectation that the city manager would remain neutral to city politics by 1930 two hundred american cities used a city manager form of government 14 in 1913 the city of dayton ohio suffered a great flood and responded with the innovation of a paid non political city manager hired by the commissioners to run the bureaucracy civil engineers were especially preferred other small or middle sized american cities especially in the west adopted the idea in europe smaller cities in the netherlands were specially attracted by the plan 15 by 1940 there were small american cities with city managers that would grow enormously by the end of the century austin texas charlotte north carolina dallas texas dayton ohio rochester new york and san diego california 16 profile edit in the early years of the profession most managers came from the ranks of the engineering professions 17 today the typical and preferred background and education for the beginning municipal manager is a master s degree in public administration mpa and at least several years experience as a department head in local government or as an assistant city manager as of 2005 more than 60 of those in the profession had a mpa mba or other related higher level degree 18 the average tenure of a manager is now 7 8 years and has risen gradually over the years tenures tend to be less in smaller communities and higher in larger ones and they tend to vary as well depending on the region of the country 18 19 educational level of local government managers myb municipal yearbook sop state of the profession survey 7 1935 1964 1974 1984 1995 2000 2006 2012 high school or less 42 14 6 2 4 2 4 1 some college no degree 21 22 18 10 9 11 6 bachelor s degree 35 41 38 30 24 26 27 23 mpa degree 18 44 37 43 other graduate degree 2 5 38 58 28 63 21 27 source 1940 myb 1965 myb 1990 myb 1996 myb 2001 myb 2006 sop survey 2012 sop survey sample size n 449 n 1 582 n not reported n 2 65 n 3 175 n 2 752 n 1 816 see also edit council manager government local government in the united states county administrator clerk municipal official references edit city of naperville city manager s office union city ca www unioncity org retrieved 2024 11 16 chief administrative officer cao icma org icma org retrieved 2024 11 16 svara james h and kimberly l nelson 2008 august taking stock of the council manager form at 100 public management magazine pp 6 14 at archived copy archived from the original on 2008 08 31 retrieved 2009 12 19 cite web cs1 maint archived copy as title link 1 2 council manager form of government icma publication pdf archived from the original pdf on 2012 03 13 retrieved 2009 12 12 1 2 sample ordinance icma 1 2 nelson kimberly l svara james h 2015 01 01 the roles of local government managers in theory and practice a centennial perspective public administration review 75 1 49 61 doi 10 1111 puar 12296 issn 1540 6210 mrs archived 2013 07 28 at the wayback machine nh rsa macdonald lynn the impact of government structure on local public expenditures public choice 136 3 4 2008 457 473 political science complete web 25 sept 2015 marozzi marco bolzan mario 2015 skills and training requirements of municipal directors a statistical assessment quality and quantity 50 3 1093 1115 doi 10 1007 s11135 015 0192 2 s2cid 121952677 icma code of ethics page archived from the original on 2007 11 06 retrieved 2009 12 07 james herman g 1914 the city manager plan the latest in american city government american political science review 8 4 cambridge university press 602 613 doi 10 2307 1945258 issn 0003 0554 jstor 1945258 s2cid 145433051 city managing a new profession the independent dec 14 1914 retrieved july 24 2012 robert bruce fairbanks patricia mooney melvin zane l miller 2001 making sense of the city local government civic culture and community life in urban america ohio state university press p 85 isbn 9780814208816 stefan couperus the managerial revolution in local government municipal management and the city manager in the usa and the netherlands 1900 1940 management organizational history 2014 9 4 pp 336 352 harold a stone et al city manager government in nine cities 1940 frederick c mosher et al city manager government in seven cities 1940 stillman richard j 1974 the rise of the city manager a public professional in local government albuquerque university of new mexico press 1 2 icma statistics permanent dead link ammons david m and matthew j bosse 2005 tenure of city managers examining the dual meanings of average tenure state local government review vol 37 no 1 pp 61 71 at further reading edit kemp roger l managing america s cities a handbook for local government productivity mcfarland and co jefferson nc usa and london eng uk 1998 isbn 0 7864 0408 6 _______ model government charters a city county regional state and federal handbook mcfarland and co jefferson nc usa and london eng uk 2003 isbn 978 0 7864 3154 0 _______ forms of local government a handbook on city county and regional options mcfarland and co jefferson nc usa and london eng uk 2007 isbn 978 0 7864 3100 7 stillman richard joseph the rise of the city manager a public professional in local government university of new mexico press 1974 weinstein james organized business and the city commission and manager movements journal of southern history 1962 166 182 in jstor white leonard d the city manager 1927 woodruff clinton rogers 1928 the city manager plan american journal of sociology 33 4 599 613 external links edit international city county management association icma is the professional and educational organization for chief appointed managers administrators and assistants in cities towns counties and regional entities throughout the world staunton virginia birthplace of city manager form of government a history on the city manager system of government authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title city_manager oldid 1373368193 categories government occupations management occupations titles local government heads of local government city managers hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 maint archived copy as title webarchive template wayback links all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from december 2017 articles with permanently dead external links this page was last edited on 5 september 2026 at 16 32 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a 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