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the vlora incident the previous year 131 secret negotiations at 1 00 pm edt on 26 october john a scali of abc news met aleksandr fomin the cover name of alexander feklisov the kgb station chief in washington at fomin s request following the instructions of the politburo of the cpsu 132 fomin noted war seems about to break out he asked scali to use his contacts to talk to his high level friends at the state department to see if the us would be interested in a diplomatic solution he suggested that the language of the deal would contain an assurance from the soviet union to remove the weapons under un supervision and that castro would publicly announce that he would not accept such weapons again in exchange for a public statement by the us that it would not invade cuba 133 the us responded by asking the brazilian government to pass a message to castro that the us would be unlikely to invade if the missiles were removed 112 mr president we and you ought not now to pull on the ends of the rope in which you have tied the knot of war because the more the two of us pull the tighter that knot will be tied and a moment may come when that knot will be tied so tight that even he who tied it will not have the strength to untie it and then it will be necessary to cut that knot and what that would mean is not for me to explain to you because you yourself understand perfectly of what terrible forces our countries dispose consequently if there is no intention to tighten that knot and thereby to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope let us take measures to untie that knot we are ready for this letter from chairman khrushchev to president kennedy 26 october 1962 134 at 6 00 pm edt on 26 october the state department started receiving a message that appeared to be written personally by khrushchev it was saturday 2 00 am in moscow the long letter took several minutes to arrive and it took translators additional time to translate and transcribe it 112 robert f kennedy described the letter as very long and emotional khrushchev reiterated the basic outline that had been stated to scali earlier in the day i propose we for our part will declare that our ships bound for cuba are not carrying any armaments you will declare that the united states will not invade cuba with its troops and will not support any other forces which might intend to invade cuba then the necessity of the presence of our military specialists in cuba will disappear at 6 45 pm edt news of fomin s offer to scali was finally heard and was interpreted as a set up for the arrival of khrushchev s letter the letter was then considered official and accurate although it was later learned that fomin was almost certainly operating without official backing additional study of the letter was ordered and continued into the night 112 crisis continues direct aggression against cuba would mean nuclear war the americans speak about such aggression as if they did not know or did not want to accept this fact i have no doubt they would lose such a war che guevara october 1962 135 s 75 dvina with v 750v 1d missile nato designation sa 2 guideline on a launcher a similar installation shot down major anderson s u 2 over cuba castro on the other hand was convinced that an invasion of cuba was imminent and on 26 october he sent a telegram to khrushchev that appeared to call for a pre emptive nuclear strike on the us in case of attack in a 2010 interview castro expressed regret about his 1962 stance on first use after i ve seen what i ve seen and knowing what i know now it wasn t worth it at all 136 castro also ordered all anti aircraft weapons in cuba to fire on any us aircraft 137 previous orders had been to fire only on groups of two or more at 6 00 am edt on 27 october the cia delivered a memo reporting that three of the four missile sites at san cristobal and both sites at sagua la grande appeared to be fully operational it also noted that the cuban military continued to organise for action but was under order not to act unless attacked 138 at 9 00 am edt on 27 october radio moscow began broadcasting a message from khrushchev contrary to the letter of the night before the message offered a new trade the missiles on cuba would be removed in exchange for the removal of the jupiter missiles from italy and turkey at 10 00 am edt the executive committee met again to discuss the situation and came to the conclusion that the change in the message was because of internal debate between khrushchev and other party officials in the kremlin 139 kennedy realised that he would be in an insupportable position if this becomes khrushchev s proposal because the missiles in turkey were not militarily useful and were being removed anyway and it s gonna to any man at the united nations or any other rational man it will look like a very fair trade bundy explained why khrushchev s public acquiescence could not be considered the current threat to peace is not in turkey it is in cuba 140 mcnamara noted that another tanker the grozny was about 600 miles 970 km out and should be intercepted he also noted that they had not made the soviets aware of the blockade line and suggested relaying that information to them via u thant at the united nations 141 a lockheed u 2f the high altitude reconnaissance type shot down over cuba being refueled by a boeing kc 135 q the aircraft in 1962 was painted overall gray and carried usaf military markings and national insignia while the meeting progressed at 11 03 am edt a new message began to arrive from khrushchev the message stated in part you are disturbed over cuba you say that this disturbs you because it is ninety nine miles by sea from the coast of the united states of america but you have placed destructive missile weapons which you call offensive in italy and turkey literally next to us i therefore make this proposal we are willing to remove from cuba the means which you regard as offensive your representatives will make a declaration to the effect that the united states will remove its analogous means from turkey and after that persons entrusted by the united nations security council could inspect on the spot the fulfillment of the pledges made the executive committee continued to meet through the day throughout the crisis turkey had repeatedly stated that it would be upset if the jupiter missiles were removed italy s prime minister amintore fanfani who was also foreign minister ad interim offered to allow withdrawal of the missiles deployed in apulia as a bargaining chip he gave the message to one of his most trusted friends ettore bernabei general manager of rai tv to convey to arthur m schlesinger jr bernabei was in new york to attend an international conference on satellite tv broadcasting the engine of the lockheed u 2 shot down over cuba on display at museum of the revolution in havana on saturday october 27 usaf major rudolf anderson took off on his sixth mission over cuba in a u 2f dragon lady af serial number 56 6676 former cia article 343 the third cia u 2a modified for air to air refuelling from a forward operating location at mccoy air force base in orlando florida 142 143 a few hours into his mission at approximately 12 00 pm edt he was shot down over banes cuba by one of two soviet supplied s 75 dvina nato designation sa 2 guideline surface to air missiles that were fired at his aircraft per the order of two soviet generals soviet forces deputy commander major general leonid garbuz deputy commander of air defenses lieutenant general stepan grechko both of whom were stationed in a command center in havana 143 before giving this order they attempted to obtain authorization from their superior officer army general issa pliyev commander of all soviet forces in cuba during operation anadyr but after finding that pliyev was unreachable possibly due to illness they decided to authorize the shoot down themselves 143 the aircraft crashed and anderson was killed later that day at about 3 41 pm edt several us navy rf 8a crusader aircraft on low level photo reconnaissance missions were fired upon at 4 00 pm edt kennedy recalled members of excomm to the white house and ordered that a message should immediately be sent to u thant asking the soviets to suspend work on the missiles while negotiations were carried out during the meeting general maxwell taylor delivered the news that the u 2 had been shot down kennedy had earlier claimed he would order an attack on such sites if fired upon but he decided to not act unless another attack was made on 28 october 1962 khrushchev told his son sergei that the shooting down of anderson s u 2 was by the cuban military at the direction of raúl castro 144 145 146 147 on 27 october bobby kennedy relayed a message to the soviet ambassador that president kennedy was under pressure from the military to use force against cuba and that an irreversible chain of events could occur against his will as the president is not sure that the military will not overthrow him and seize power he therefore implored khrushchev to accept kennedy s proposed agreement 148 forty years later mcnamara said we had to send a u 2 over to gain reconnaissance information on whether the soviet missiles were becoming operational we believed that if the u 2 was shot down that the cubans didn t have capabilities to shoot it down the soviets did we believed if it was shot down it would be shot down by a soviet surface to air missile unit and that it would represent a decision by the soviets to escalate the conflict and therefore before we sent the u 2 out we agreed that if it was shot down we wouldn t meet we d simply attack it was shot down on friday fortunately we changed our mind we thought well it might have been an accident we won t attack later we learned that khrushchev had reasoned just as we did we send over the u 2 if it was shot down he reasoned we would believe it was an intentional escalation and therefore he issued orders to pliyev the soviet commander in cuba to instruct all of his batteries not to shoot down the u 2 note 1 149 daniel ellsberg said that robert kennedy rfk told him in 1964 that after the u 2 was shot down and the pilot killed he rfk told soviet ambassador dobrynin you have drawn first blood t he president had decided against advice not to respond militarily to that attack but he dobrynin should know that if another plane was shot at we would take out all the sams and anti aircraft and that would almost surely be followed by an invasion 150 drafting response this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2017 learn how and when to remove this message emissaries sent by both kennedy and khrushchev agreed to meet at the yenching palace chinese restaurant in the cleveland park neighbourhood of washington dc on saturday evening 27 october 151 kennedy suggested taking khrushchev s offer to trade away the missiles unknown to most members of the excomm but with the support of his brother the president robert kennedy had been meeting the soviet ambassador dobrynin in washington to discover whether the intentions were genuine 152 the excomm was against the proposal because it would undermine nato s authority and the turkish government had repeatedly stated that it was against any such trade as the meeting progressed a new plan emerged and kennedy was slowly persuaded the new plan called for him to ignore the latest message and instead to return to khrushchev s earlier one kennedy was initially hesitant feeling that khrushchev would no longer accept the deal because a new one had been offered but llewellyn thompson argued that it was still possible 97 135 56 white house special counsel and adviser ted sorensen and robert kennedy left the meeting and returned 45 minutes later with a draft letter to that effect the president made several changes had it typed and sent it after the excomm meeting a smaller meeting continued in the oval office the group argued that the letter should be underscored with an oral message to dobrynin that stated that if the missiles were not withdrawn military action would be used to remove them rusk added one proviso that no part of the language of the deal would mention turkey but there would be an understanding that the missiles would be removed voluntarily in the immediate aftermath the president agreed and the message was sent excomm meeting in the white house cabinet room with president kennedy robert mcnamara and dean rusk in attendance 29 october 1962 at rusk s request fomin and scali met again scali asked why the two letters from khrushchev were so different and fomin claimed it was because of poor communications scali replied that the claim was not credible and shouted that he thought it was a stinking double cross he went on to claim that an invasion was only hours away and fomin stated that a response to the us message was expected from khrushchev shortly and urged scali to tell the state department that no treachery was intended scali said that he did not think anyone would believe him but he agreed to deliver the message the two went their separate ways and scali immediately typed out a memo for the excomm 153 within the us establishment it was understood that ignoring the second offer and returning to the first put khrushchev in a terrible position military preparations continued and all active duty air force personnel were recalled to their bases for possible action robert kennedy later recalled the mood we had not abandoned all hope but what hope there was now rested with khrushchev s revising his course within the next few hours it was a hope not an expectation the expectation was military confrontation by tuesday 30 october and possibly tomorrow 29 october 153 at 8 05 pm edt the letter drafted earlier in the day was delivered the message read as i read your letter the key elements of your proposals which seem generally acceptable as i understand them are as follows 1 you would agree to remove these weapons systems from cuba under appropriate united nations observation and supervision and undertake with suitable safe guards to halt the further introduction of such weapon systems into cuba 2 we on our part would agree upon the establishment of adequate arrangements through the united nations to ensure the carrying out and continuation of these commitments a to remove promptly the quarantine measures now in effect and b to give assurances against the invasion of cuba the letter was also released directly to the press to ensure it could not be delayed 154 with the letter delivered a deal was on the table as robert kennedy noted there was little expectation it would be accepted at 9 00 pm edt the excomm met again to review the actions for the following day plans were drawn up for air strikes on the missile sites as w...
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