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1963 subsection 8 1 1946 healey elliot 8 2 1947 bristol 400 406 8 3 1953 aston martin db2 9 see also 10 references toggle the table of contents grand tourer 31 languages العربية asturianu azərbaycanca български čeština dansk deutsch español euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 lietuvių nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский simple english slovenčina svenska türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia high performance luxury car for similar terms see grand tour disambiguation for the early type of car without a fixed roof see touring car not to be confused with supercar 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt 1955 mercedes benz 300sl gullwing 1960 maserati 3500 gt 1963 aston martin db5 a grand tourer gt is a type of car that is designed for high speed long distance driving with luxury specifications 1 the most common format is a front engine rear wheel drive two door coupé with either a two seat or a 2 2 arrangement grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans some models such as the ferrari 250 gt jaguar e type and aston martin db5 are considered classic examples of grand tourers the term is a near calque from the italian language phrase gran turismo which became popular in the english language in the 1950s evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s 2 origin in europe edit the grand touring car concept originated in europe in the early 1950s 1 especially with the 1951 introduction of the lancia aurelia b20 gt 3 4 and features notable luminaries of italian automotive history such as vittorio jano 5 enzo ferrari 6 7 and johnny lurani 8 motorsports became important in the evolution of the grand touring concept and grand touring entries are important in endurance sports car racing the grand touring definition implies material differences in performance speed comfort and amenities between elite cars and those of ordinary motorists in the post war united states manufacturers were less inclined to adopt the ethos of the gt car 3 preferring to build cars suited to their long straight smooth roads and labor saving lifestyles 3 with wide availability of powerful straight six and v8 engines in all price ranges like the 1955 1965 chrysler 300 despite this the united states enjoying early post war economic expansion became the largest market for european grand touring cars 3 supplying transportation for movie stars celebrities and the jet set notably the mercedes benz 300 sl imported by max hoffman 9 10 11 the jaguar xk120 and the ferrari berlinettas imported by luigi chinetti 12 13 14 classic grand touring cars from the post war era especially have since become valuable cars among wealthy collectors 15 16 within ten years grand touring cars found success penetrating the new american personal luxury car market 17 characteristics edit the terms grand tourer gran turismo grande routière and gt are among the most misused terms in motoring 3 the grand touring designation generally means motoring at speed in style safety and comfort 18 purists define gran turismo as the enjoyment excitement and comfort of open road touring 19 according to sam dawson news editor of classic cars the ideal is of a car with the ability to cross a continent at speed and in comfort yet provide driving thrills when demanded and it should exhibit the following 3 the engines should be able to cope with cruising comfortably at the upper limits on all continental roads without drawbacks or loss of usable power ideally the gt car should have been devised by its progenitors as a grand tourer with all associated considerations in mind it should be able to transport at least two comfortably with their luggage and have room to spare probably in the form of a two plus two seating arrangement the design both inside and out should be geared toward complete control by the driver its chassis and suspension provide suitable handling and roadholding on all routes during travels grand tourers emphasise comfort and handling over straight out high performance or ascetic spartan accommodations in comparison sports cars also a much abused and confused term are typically more crude compared to sophisticated grand touring machinery 20 however the popularity of using gt for marketing purposes has meant that it has become a much misused term eventually signifying no more than a slightly tuned version of a family car with trendy wheels and a go faster stripe on the side 21 historically most gts have been front engined with rear wheel drive offering more cabin space than mid mounted engine layouts softer suspensions greater storage and more luxurious appointments add to their appeal front engine rear wheel drive coupe 1964 jaguar e type automotive designers call the position of the driver s hip close to the rear axle close coupled 22 rear seats of a 1982 jaguar xj s he coupe showing the 2 2 seating layout gt abbreviation in marketing edit the gt abbreviation and variations thereof are often used as model names however some cars with gt in the model name are not actually grand touring cars 2 23 among the many variations of gt are gta gran turismo alleggerita the italian word for lightweight gtam indicates a modified version gta is also sometimes used for automatic transmission models gtb gran turismo berlinetta 24 gtc various uses including gran turismo compressore for supercharged engines gran turismo cabriolet gran turismo compact gran turismo crossover and gran turismo corsa the italian word for racing gtd gran turismo diesel gt e gran turismo einspritzung the german word for fuel injection 25 gte grand touring estate gti or gti grand touring injection mostly used for hot hatches following the introduction of the volkswagen golf gti 26 gto gran turismo omologato the italian word for homologation 27 28 gtr or gt r gran turismo and racing gts sometimes gran turismo spider for convertible models however gts has also been used for saloons and other body styles gt t gran turismo turbo gtv gran turismo veloce the italian word for fast 29 gtx grand tourisme extreme hgt high gran turismo 1962 1964 ford cortina gt a sports saloon 1982 volkswagen golf gti a hot hatch 1990 mitsubishi 3000gt gto a liftback coupé 1999 nissan skyline gt r a coupé 1980 alfa romeo alfetta gtv6 2 5 1975 opel manta gt e a five seater fastback 1971 plymouth gtx a muscle car world championships and other gt racing series edit current world championship edit fia world endurance championship in operation since 2012 the current auto racing world championship for both sports prototypes and group gt3 cars organised by the automobile club de l ouest aco and sanctioned by the fédération internationale de l automobile fia the championship is considered a revival of the defunct world sportscar championship which ended in 1992 in 2012 2016 seasons the world cup for gt manufacturer was awarded to a winning manufacturer of gt cars promoted to the world gt manufacturers championship title since the 2017 season this title awarded to a winning manufacturer of gt cars was discontinued after the 2022 season former world championships edit world sportscar championship the first sports car racing world series run from 1953 to 1992 originally contested only by sports prototypes the series expanded to gt cars in the 1954 season at the 1954 mille miglia but from the 1985 season until its end it was again restricted to sports prototypes only in 1962 1984 seasons except of the 1982 season titles were awarded to manufacturers of gt cars alongside the manufacturers of sports prototypes fia gt1 world championship a short lived series for gt cars run from 2010 to 2012 created by stéphane ratel organisation sro in an attempt to promote the fia gt championship to world championship status other gt racing series edit several past and present motor racing series have used gt in their name these include gt world challenge europe 2014 present a racing series for group gt3 cars the fia gt series replaced the fia gt championship 1997 2009 and the fia gt1 world championship 2010 2012 imsa gt3 cup challenge 2005 present a north american racing series for porsche 911 gt3 cup cars gt4 european series 2007 present a european amateur racing series with the least powerful class of gt cars sro gt2 2018 present despite the name this class slots between gt4 and gt3 in terms of performance the cars have more power than gt3 cars with the most powerful entries at nearly 700 horsepower however they have much less downforce than a gt3 car lm gte 1999 2023 a set of regulations for modified road cars which is used for the 24 hours of le mans race and several related racing series lm gte was originally called gt class and was also known as gt2 class from 2005 to 2010 also known as gtlm in the united states fia gt3 european championship 2006 2012 a european amateur racing series for group gt3 cars fia r gt as part of its structure the group r regulations have a provision for gt cars known as r gt there have also been several classes of racing cars called gt the group gt3 regulations for modified road cars have been used for various racing series worldwide since 2006 the group gt1 regulations were used for the fastest category of sports car racing from 1994 to 2001 porsche 911 gt3 ford gt1 lexus sc430 gt500 aston martin dbr9 gt1 saab 93 lemans spec examples of grand tourers edit main page category grand tourers the inclusion of grand tourer gran turismo gt or similar in the model name does not necessarily mean that the car is a grand tourer since several manufacturers have used the terms for the marketing of cars that are not grand tourers evolution of the gran turismo car edit grand touring car design evolved from vintage and pre world war ii fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars 2 italy developed the first gran turismo cars the small light weight and aerodynamic coupés named the berlinetta originated in the 1930s a contemporary french concept known as grande routière emphasised style elegance luxury and gentlemanly transcontinental touring the grande routières were often larger cars than the italian gran turismos 30 italian designers saw that compared to traditional open two seat sports car the increase in weight and frontal area of an enclosed cabin for the driver and mechanic could be offset by the benefits of streamlining to reduce drag 31 independent carrozzeria coachbuilders provided light and flexible fabric coachwork for powerful short wheelbase fast touring chassis by manufacturers such as alfa romeo later carrozzeria touring of milan pioneered sophisticated superleggera super light weight aluminum bodywork allowing for even more aerodynamic forms 32 the additional comfort of an enclosed cabin was beneficial for the mille miglia road race held in italy s often wintry north 33 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gt edit the first car to be named gran turismo was the 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gran turismo a sporting dual purpose road race chassis and engine specification that was available with a wide variety of body styles or carrozzeria the influential weymann fabric bodied berlinetta version by carrozzeria touring an early example of what we generally perceive to be a gt car 34 was winner of the vetture chiuse category at the 1931 mille miglia 35 an improved and supercharged version the 6c 1750 gtc gran turismo compressore 34 won the vetture a guida interna category of the 1932 mille miglia 36 the alfa romeo 6c 1750 was designed by vittorio jano 37 who would later be instrumental in the design of the 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt 38 1935 fiat 508 balilla s berlinetta edit from the basic fiat 508 balilla touring chassis came the siata 39 and fiat 40 aerodynamic gran turismo style berlinetta mille miglias of 1933 and 1935 41 siata was a turin italy based fiat tuner typical of a popular class of italian artisan manufacturers of small gran turismo sports and racing cars usually fiat based that came to be known in the 1970s as etceterini such as nardi abarth ermini and in 1946 cisitalia 42 the fiat and siata berlinettas influenced by the successful alfa romeo 6c gt gtc coupés competed in the mille miglia endurance race and were significant among weymann and superleggera enclosed sporting cars appearing in the 1930s they featured tuned fiat engine and chassis and bespoke carrozzeria in common with the landmark post war cisitalia 202 sc and are among the first small displacement gran turismos 33 41 43 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gtc berlinetta carrozzeriacc touring mille miglia 1932 fiat 508 balilla s berlinetta mille miglia 1935 1947 cisitalia 202 sc edit the first recognised motor race specifically for gran turismo cars was the 1949 coppa inter europa held at monza it was initially hoped by italian motor industry observers citation needed that the small and struggling italian sports and racing car manufacturer cisitalia would find in the 1949 coppa inter europa regulations initially called turismo veloce 44 or fast touring a category for its cisitalia tipo 202 sc the road going production coupé version of cisitalia s single seat d46 racing car and two seat 202 open sports car however the fiat based 1100 cc four cylinder cisitalia was no match on the race track for ferrari s new hand built 2000 cc v12 and ferrari dominated taking the first three places 45 an 1100 cc class was hurriedly created but not in time to save cisitalia s business fortunes the company s bankrupt owner piero dusio had already decamped to argentina citation needed the cisitalia 202 sc gained considerable fame for the outstanding design of its pinin farina coachwork and is credited with greatly influencing the style of subsequent berlinetta or fastback gran turismo coupés a cisitalia 202 gt is exhibited at the museum of modern art in new york city 46 1947 maserati a6 1500 edit the maserati a6 1500 won the 1500 cc class at the 1949 coppa europa it was driven by franco bordoni former fighter ace of the regia aeronautica who had debuted as a pilota da corsa at the 1949 mille miglia 45 47 the a6 1500 was the first road going production car to be offered by the maserati factory featuring a tubular chassis with independent front suspension and coil springs the 1500 cc six cylinder being derived from the maserati brothers pre war voiturette racing engines the body of the a6 1500 was an elegant two door fast back coupé body also by pinin farina 48 cisitalia tipo 202 sc coupé carrozzeria pinin farina 1947 maserati a6 1500 coupé carrozzeria pinin farina 1947 1949 ferrari 166 inter 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