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d overview of cluster services for openshift automatic configuration validation for openshift clusters built in integrations for openshift best practices for high availability with openshift disaster recovery for openshift on google cloud disaster recovery strategies for active passive and active inactive setups with openshift microsoft windows windows workloads best practices for windows server vms setting up active directory best practices for running active directory on google cloud deploy microsoft sharepoint server on compute engine deploying microsoft exchange server 2016 on compute engine windows server perform an in place upgrade of windows server run windows server failover clustering ibm spectrum symphony integrate ibm spectrum symphony with google cloud install the compute engine symphony provider install the google kubernetes symphony provider troubleshoot ibm spectrum symphony others load testing distributed load testing using kubernetes ssh port forwarding and load testing analytics monte carlo methods using apache spark machine learning run tensorflow inference workloads with tensorrt5 and nvidia t4 gpu monitor monitor logs view audit logs view usage reports view compute engine operations migrate from activity logs to audit logs view activity logs monitor resources monitor vm and sole tenant node usage observe and monitor vms monitor gpu performance monitor gpu performance on linux vms monitor gpu performance on windows vms monitor disks monitor disk health monitor the replica states of regional disks monitor disks list of metrics for pools monitor pools monitor reservations organize resources using labels scale autoscale groups of vms about autoscaling groups of vms create and manage autoscalers scale based on cpu utilization scale based on predictions scale based on load balancing serving capacity scale based on monitoring metrics scale based on schedules use an autoscaling policy with multiple signals manage autoscalers understand autoscaler decisions view autoscaler logs autoscale node groups reserve vm capacity choose a reservation type sharing reservations best practices for shared reservations allow a project to share reservations on demand reservations about on demand reservations create an on demand reservation for a single project for multiple projects combine an on demand reservation with a cud modify an on demand reservation delete an on demand reservation future reservations about future reservations create a reservation request for a single project for multiple projects modify a reservation request delete a reservation request future reservations in calendar mode about future reservations in calendar mode create a reservation request in calendar mode delete a reservation request in calendar mode view reservations or reservation requests consume a reservation prevent vms from consuming reservations load balancing about load balancing and scaling add an instance group to a load balancer request routing to a multi region external https load balancer cross region load balancing for microsoft iis backends set up internal tcp udp load balancing build reliable and scalable applications use autohealing for highly available applications use load balancing for highly available applications use autoscaling for highly scalable applications globally autoscale a web service on compute engine patterns for scalable and resilient applications patterns for using floating ip addresses on compute engine optimize resource utilization use recommendations to manage resources apply machine type recommendations to vms configure machine type recommendations apply machine type recommendations to migs view and apply idle resources recommendations view and understand vm insights view and understand mig insights manage idle vm recommendations idle vm recommendations overview view and apply idle vm recommendations configure idle vm recommendations manage reservation recommendations reservation recommendations overview view and apply idle reservation recommendations view and apply underutilized reservation recommendations configure idle reservation recommendations configure underutilized reservation recommendations overcommit cpus on sole tenant vms manual live migration about manual live migration manually live migrate vms share sole tenant node groups next generation dynamic resource management cost savings get discounts for committed usage about commitments and committed use discounts cuds resource based cuds purchase resource based commitments without attached reservations with attached reservations for os licenses manage resource based commitments renew commitments automatically extend commitment terms merge and split commitments upgrade commitments share resource based cuds across projects get discounts for sustained usage disk performance optimize hyperdisk performance optimize persistent disk performance optimize local ssd performance workload performance set the number of threads per core customize the number of visible cpu cores analyze the cpu performance using the pmu pmu overview enable the pmu in vms manage the pmu in vms network performance network bandwidth use google virtual nic use irdma network driver use idpf network interface configure a vm with higher bandwidth reduce latency by using compact placement policies optimize tcp network communication optimize tcp network performance optimize tcp network resiliency benchmark higher bandwidth vms optimize app latency with load balancing use dpdk to improve network performance network performance and gpu vms networking and gpu machines use higher network bandwidth patterns for using multiple host nics troubleshoot general tips troubleshoot connectivity troubleshoot rdp troubleshoot ssh troubleshoot os login troubleshoot vms troubleshoot vm operations troubleshoot vm creation troubleshoot resource availability errors troubleshoot bulk api vm creation troubleshoot vm reboots and shutdowns troubleshoot vm suspension troubleshoot vm updates troubleshoot unresponsive vms troubleshoot vm startup troubleshoot fstab errors troubleshoot kernel panic collecting core dumps rescue an inaccessible vm troubleshoot cpu bus locks troubleshoot cpu soft lockups troubleshoot vm configurations troubleshoot arm vms troubleshoot gpu vms troubleshoot nvidia gpu errors generate a nvidia bug report for blackwell gpus troubleshoot nested virtualization troubleshoot using vm screenshots troubleshoot sole tenant nodes troubleshoot vm performance issues troubleshoot sudoers files troubleshoot windows vms troubleshoot windows vms collecting diagnostic information troubleshoot using the serial console troubleshoot using the serial console viewing serial port output troubleshoot instance groups troubleshoot managed instance groups migs troubleshoot os management troubleshoot licenses troubleshoot image import and export troubleshooting sles pay as you go registration troubleshooting ubuntu pro registration troubleshoot metadata server troubleshoot metadata server troubleshoot networking issues troubleshoot common networking issues troubleshoot network drivers troubleshoot vm performance issues troubleshoot storage troubleshoot disk creation troubleshoot full disks and disk resizing troubleshoot disk encryption troubleshoot nvme disks troubleshoot instant snapshots troubleshoot standard snapshots troubleshoot reservations and commitments troubleshoot reservation creation troubleshoot reservation consumption troubleshooting reservation monitoring troubleshoot reservation updates troubleshoot future reservation creation and updates troubleshoot automatic commitment renewal troubleshoot quota errors troubleshoot concurrent operation quota errors troubleshoot workload authentication troubleshoot default service accounts troubleshoot workload to workload authentication ai and ml application development application hosting compute data analytics and pipelines databases distributed hybrid and multicloud industry solutions migration networking observability and monitoring security storage access and resources management costs and usage management infrastructure as code sdk languages frameworks and tools home documentation compute compute engine guides send feedback choose a disk type stay organized with collections save and categorize content based on your preferences this document discusses the block storage commonly referred to as disks or volumes offered by compute engine you can use block storage for boot and data volumes for all compute instances including virtual machines vms containers and bare metal instances this page discusses how to choose block storage for your compute instances the terms disk volume and block storage volume are synonymous and are used interchangeably across the documentation the google cloud console the google cloud cli and the rest api about block storage google cloud offers two types of disks or block storage temporary and durable block storage you can combine these block storage types in a single compute instance temporary block storage temporary or ephemeral block storage offers the fastest performance among all block storage types with the tradeoff that the stored data is lost if the vm stops for any reason data is lost if you stop suspend or restart the vm or if the vm crashes or fails because of its ephemeral nature use temporary block storage for only scratch data caches such as tempdb for microsoft sql server or storage for flash optimized databases you can t use temporary block storage as a boot volume local ssd including titanium ssd is the temporary block storage offering in google cloud local ssd disks are physically attached to the server that hosts your instance for more information about local ssd see the following sections review local ssd performance limits to learn when local ssd data is preserved see local ssd data persistence supported machine series for local ssd add local ssd disks you create a vm durable block storage durable or persistent block storage is for data that you want to preserve after you stop suspend or delete the vm or even if the vm crashes or fails hyperdisk and persistent disk are the durable block storage offerings in google cloud but persistent disk isn t available with the latest machine series google recommends using hyperdisk for the highest performance and advanced features hyperdisk and persistent disk volumes have the following characteristics function as physical disks you can use a hyperdisk or persistent disk volume with compute instance as if it was a physical disk attached to the instance however they are network attached devices that transmit data over google s networks portability hyperdisk and persistent disk volumes are independent of the compute instances that you attach them to this characteristic means you can attach a volume to a running instance without downtime you can also detach the volume to keep your data even after you delete the instance security by default data is encrypted at rest and in transit you can also customize the encryption with your own keys high availability options protect your data from zonal failures by replicating the volume across two zones differences between hyperdisk and persistent disk hyperdisk and persistent disk both offer durable secure and efficient block storage but google recommends using hyperdisk hyperdisk offers the following key advantages over persistent disk customizable performance you can independently configure the performance and size of each hyperdisk volume hyperdisk performance is independent of provisioned capacity this feature means that you can increase or decrease a hyperdisk volume s performance without changing its size unlike hyperdisk persistent disk performance depends on provisioned capacity consequently to improve a persistent disk volume s performance you must increase its size better overall performance hyperdisk has higher iops and throughput limits than persistent disk choose a type of block storage to decide between local ssd hyperdisk and persistent disk follow these steps determine whether you need durable or temporary block storage for example the boot volume for a compute instance must use durable block storage if you need to use temporary block storage use local ssd if local ssd is available for your machine series if you need durable storage continue to the next step if you need to use durable block storage use hyperdisk if it s available for your machine series if your machine series doesn t support hyperdisk use persistent disk choose the hyperdisk or persistent disk type that best suits your workload to learn about the hyperdisk and persistent disk types see choose a hyperdisk type and persistent disk types respectively for more information about the features performance and durability of hyperdisk see about hyperdisk for persistent disk see about persistent disk alternatives to block storage in addition to the disks that google cloud offers you can deploy the following alternative storage solutions on your compute instances create a file server or distributed file system on compute engine to use as a network file system with nfsv3 and smb3 capabilities mount a ram disk within the vm memory that offers high throughput and low latency to compare block storage with the other storage options available in google cloud such as cloud storage and filestore see review the storage options in the cloud architecture center cost considerations you re billed for the storage capacity provisioned from when you create a volume until you delete the volume this charge applies to local ssd persistent disk and hyperdisk costs continue to apply through the following scenarios boot volumes that are created automatically when you create a compute instance durable storage volumes that are attached to a stopped or suspended instance durable storage volumes that aren t attached to any vm for hyperdisk and extreme persistent disk volumes you re billed for the provisioned performance for example since hyperdisk ml volumes support customizing only throughput you re billed for the provisioned throughput for a hyperdisk ml volume but not for the iops the volume uses however you re billed for the provisioned iops and throughput of hyperdisk balanced volumes because hyperdisk balanced volumes support configuring iops and throughput for more pricing information see disk and image pricing what s next view machine series availability for each storage option hyperdisk persistent disk local ssd learn more about each storage option about local ssd about hyperdisk about persistent disk learn how to use each storage option create a vm with local ssd disks add a hyperdisk volume to your vm add a persistent disk volume to your vm to learn about replication for hyperdisk and persistent disk volumes see about synchronous disk replication send feedback except as otherwise noted the content of this page is licensed under the creative commons 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