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rm adaptivity no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes quantization scaling matrices no no yes yes yes no no no no no no separate c b and c r qp control no no yes yes yes yes no no no no no extended chroma formats no no no 4 0 0 45 4 2 0 4 2 2 46 4 4 4 47 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 no no 4 2 0 4 2 2 no largest sample depth bit 8 8 8 10 48 10 8 8 8 8 10 12 predictive lossless coding no no no yes 49 no no no no no no no hardware edit see also h 264 mpeg 4 avc products and implementations because h 264 encoding and decoding require significant computational power for specific arithmetic operations software implementations running on general purpose cpus are typically less power efficient however consumer grade cpus with 6 or 8 cores since around 2016 and quad core general purpose x86 cpus as of january 2020 have sufficient computational power to perform real time sd and hd encoding citation needed compression efficiency depends on video algorithmic implementations not on whether hardware or software implementation is used therefore the difference between hardware and software based implementations is more on power efficiency flexibility and cost to improve power efficiency and reduce size special purpose hardware may be employed either for the complete encoding or decoding process or for acceleration assistance within a cpu controlled environment cpu based solutions are known to be much more flexible particularly when encoding must be done concurrently in multiple formats multiple bit rates and resolutions multi screen video and possibly with additional features such as container format support advanced integrated advertising features etc cpu based software solutions generally make it much easier to load balance multiple concurrent encoding sessions within the same cpu the 2nd generation intel sandy bridge core i3 i5 i7 processors introduced at the january 2011 ces consumer electronics show offer an on chip hardware full hd h 264 encoder known as intel quick sync video 50 51 a hardware h 264 encoder can be an asic or an fpga asic encoders with h 264 encoder functionality are available from many different semiconductor companies but the core design used in the asic is typically licensed from one of a few companies such as chips media allegro dvt on2 formerly hantro acquired by google imagination technologies ngcodec some companies have both fpga and asic product offerings 52 texas instruments manufactures a line of arm dsp cores that perform dsp h 264 bp encoding 1080p at 30 fps 53 this permits flexibility with respect to codecs which are implemented as highly optimized dsp code while being more efficient than software on a generic cpu licensing edit see also microsoft corp v motorola inc and qualcomm inc v broadcom corp in countries where patents on software algorithms are upheld vendors and commercial users of products that use h 264 avc are expected to pay patent licensing royalties for the patented technology that their products use 54 this applies to the baseline profile as well 55 a private organization known as via la administers the licenses for patents applying to this standard as well as other patent pools such as for mpeg 4 part 2 video hevc and mpeg dash the patent holders include fujitsu panasonic sony mitsubishi apple columbia university kaist dolby google jvc kenwood lg electronics microsoft ntt docomo philips samsung sharp toshiba and zte 56 although the majority of patents in the pool are held by panasonic 1 197 patents godo kaisha ip bridge 1 130 patents and lg electronics 990 patents 57 on august 26 2010 mpeg la announced that royalties would not be charged for h 264 encoded internet video that is free to end users 58 all other royalties remain in place such as royalties for products that decode and encode h 264 video as well as to operators of free television and subscription channels 59 the license terms are updated in 5 year blocks 60 since the first version of the standard was completed in may 2003 23 years ago and the most commonly used profile the high profile was completed in june 2004 citation needed 22 years ago some of the relevant patents are expired by now 57 while others are still in force in jurisdictions around the world and one of the us patents in the mpeg la h 264 pool granted in 2016 lasts at least until november 2030 61 in 2005 qualcomm sued broadcom in us district court alleging that broadcom infringed on two of its patents by making products that were compliant with the h 264 video compression standard 62 in 2007 the district court found that the patents were unenforceable because qualcomm had failed to disclose them to the jvt prior to the release of the h 264 standard in may 2003 62 in december 2008 the us court of appeals for the federal circuit affirmed the district court s order that the patents be unenforceable but remanded to the district court with instructions to limit the scope of unenforceability to h 264 compliant products 62 in october 2023 nokia sued hp and amazon for h 264 h 265 patent infringement in usa uk and other locations 63 in february 2026 the via licensing authority announced a new licensing scheme targeting video streaming that applies to version 4 of the h264 specification and later 64 this changes the terms for new licensees after january 2026 see also edit vc 1 a standard designed by microsoft and approved as a smpte standard in 2006 comparison of h 264 and vc 1 dirac video compression format a video coding design by bbc research development released in 2008 vp8 a video coding design by on2 technologies later purchased by google released in 2008 vp9 a video coding design by google released in 2013 high efficiency video coding itu t h 265 or iso iec 23008 2 an itu iso iec standard released in 2013 av1 a video coding design by the alliance for open media released in 2018 versatile video coding itu t h 266 or iso iec 23091 3 an itu iso iec standard released in 2020 internet protocol television group of pictures intra frame 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original pdf on november 7 2013 retrieved august 26 2010 hachman mark august 26 2010 mpeg la cuts royalties from free web video forever pcmag com retrieved august 26 2010 avc faq mpeg la august 1 2002 archived from the original on may 7 2010 retrieved may 17 2010 united states patent 9 356 620 baese et al retrieved august 1 2022 with an earliest priority date of september 14 2001 has a 2 998 day term extension 1 2 3 see qualcomm inc v broadcom corp no 2007 1545 2008 1162 fed cir december 1 2008 for articles in the popular press see signonsandiego com qualcomm loses its patent rights case and qualcomm s patent case goes to jury and bloomberg com broadcom wins first trial in qualcomm patent dispute nokia h264 avc h264 essentiality overview via licensing alliance retrieved april 8 2026 further reading edit wiegand thomas sullivan gary j bjøntegaard gisle luthra ajay july 2003 overview of the h 264 avc video coding standard pdf ieee transactions on circuits and systems for video technology 13 7 560 576 bibcode 2003itcsv 13 560w doi 10 1109 tcsvt 2003 815165 archived from the original pdf on april 29 2011 retrieved january 31 2011 topiwala pankaj sullivan gary j luthra ajay august 2004 tescher andrew g ed the h 264 avc advanced video coding standard overview and introduction to the fidelity range extensions pdf spie applications of digital image processing xxvii applications of digital image processing xxvii 5558 454 bibcode 2004spie 5558 454s doi 10 1117 12 564457 s2cid 2308860 retrieved january 31 2011 ostermann j bormans j list p marpe d narroschke m pereira f stockhammer t wedi t 2004 video coding with h 264 avc tools performance and complexity pdf ieee circuits and systems magazine ftp pp 7 28 doi 10 1109 mcas 2004 1286980 s2cid 11105089 retrieved january 31 2011 dead ftp link to view documents see help ftp puri atul chen xuemin luthra ajay october 2004 video coding using the h 264 mpeg 4 avc compression standard pdf signal processing image communication 19 9 793 849 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