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0 to undertake a fundamental and far reaching review of the procurement process and how defence equipment is provided in britain and to increase britain s share of the global defence market as government policy 258 the conservative party upholds the view that nato remains and should remain the most important security alliance for the united kingdom 259 it has advocated for the creation of a fairer funding mechanism for nato s expeditionary operations and called for all nato countries to meet their required defence spending 2 of gdp some conservatives believe that there is scope for expanding nato s article v to include new threats such as cybersecurity the conservative party aims to build enhanced bilateral defence relations with key european partners and believes that it is in britain s national interest to cooperate fully with all its european neighbours it has pledged to ensure that any eu military capability must supplement and not supplant british national defence and nato and that it is not in the british interest to hand over security to any supranational body 259 the conservatives see it as a priority to encourage all members of the european union to do more in terms of a commitment to european security at home and abroad regarding the defence role of the european union the conservatives pledged to re examine some of britain s eu defence commitments to determine their practicality and utility specifically to reassess uk participation provisions like permanent structured cooperation the european defence agency and eu battlegroups to determine if there is any value in britain s participation the conservatives support the uk s possession of nuclear weapons through the trident nuclear programme 259 european union policy though the principal architect of the uk s entry into the european communities which became the european union was conservative prime minister edward heath most contemporary conservative opinion is opposed to closer economic and particularly political union with the eu this is a noticeable shift in british politics as in the 1960s and 1970s the conservatives were more pro europe than the labour party for example in the 1971 house of commons vote on whether the uk should join the european economic community only 39 of the then 330 conservative mps were opposed 260 261 the conservative party has members with varying opinions of the eu with pro european conservatives joining the affiliate conservative group for europe while some eurosceptics left the party to join the united kingdom independence party whilst the vast majority of conservatives in recent decades have been eurosceptics views among this group regarding the uk s relationship with the eu have been polarised between moderate soft eurosceptics who support continued british membership but oppose further harmonisation of regulations affecting business and accept participation in a multi speed europe and a more radical economically libertarian faction who oppose policy initiatives from brussels support the rolling back of integration measures from the maastricht treaty onwards and have become increasingly supportive of a complete withdrawal 260 official support for rejoining the european union remains low within the conservative party though polling shows a minority of around 28 of conservative voters are open to returning 262 domestic policy constitutional policy traditionally the conservative party has supported the uncodified constitution of the united kingdom and its traditional westminster system of politics the party opposed many of tony blair s reforms such as the removal of the hereditary peers 263 the incorporation of the european convention on human rights into british law and the 2009 creation of the supreme court of the united kingdom a function formerly carried out by the house of lords there was also a split on whether to introduce a british bill of rights that would replace the human rights act 1998 david cameron expressed support but party grandee ken clarke described it as xenophobic and legal nonsense 264 in 2019 the conservatives manifesto committed to a broad constitutional review in a line which read after brexit we also need to look at the broader aspects of our constitution the relationship between the government parliament and the courts 265 justice crime and security policy in 2010 the conservatives campaigned to cut the perceived bureaucracy of the modern police force and pledged greater legal protection to people convicted of defending themselves against intruders the party has also campaigned for the creation of a uk bill of rights to replace the human rights act 1998 but this was vetoed by their coalition partners the liberal democrats 266 the conservatives 2017 manifesto pledged to create a national infrastructure police force subsuming the existing british transport police civil nuclear constabulary and ministry of defence police to improve the protection of critical infrastructure such as nuclear sites railways and the strategic road network 267 education and research in education the conservatives pledged to review the national curriculum introduce the english baccalaureate and reform gcse a level other national qualifications apprenticeships and training 268 the increase in discipline was also highlighted as they want it to be easier for pupils to be searched for contraband items the granting of anonymity to teachers accused by pupils and the banning of expelled pupils being returned to schools via appeal panels 269 in higher education the conservatives have increased tuition fees to 9 250 per year however have ensured that this will not be paid by anyone until they are earning over 25 000 the scottish conservatives also support the re introduction of tuition fees in scotland in 2016 the conservative government extended student loan access in england to postgraduate students to help improve access to education 270 within the eu the uk was one of the largest recipients of research funding in the european union receiving 7 billion between 2007 and 2015 which is invested in universities and research intensive businesses 271 following the vote to leave the eu prime minister theresa may guaranteed that the conservative government would protect funding for existing research and development projects in the uk 272 in 2017 the conservatives introduced the t level qualification aimed at improving the teaching and administration of technical education 273 organisation party structure the national conservative convention is held during the conservative party conference the conservative party comprises the voluntary party parliamentary party sometimes called the political party and the professional party members of the public join the party by becoming part of a local constituency conservative association 274 the country is also divided into regions with each region containing a number of areas both having a similar structure to constituency associations the national conservative convention sets the voluntary party s direction it is composed of all association chairs officers from areas and regions and 42 representatives and the conservative women s organisation 275 the convention meets twice a year its annual general meeting is usually held at spring forum with another meeting usually held at the conservative party conference in the organisation of the conservative party constituency associations dominate selection of local candidates and some associations have organised open parliamentary primaries the 1922 committee consists of backbench mps meeting weekly while parliament is sitting frontbench mps have an open invitation to attend the 1922 committee plays a crucial role in the selection of party leaders all conservative mps are members of the 1922 committee by default there are 20 executive members of the committee agreed by consensus among backbench mps the conservative campaign headquarters cchq is effectively head of the professional party and leads financing organisation of elections and drafting of policy the conservative party board is the party s ultimate decision making body responsible for all operational matters including fundraising membership and candidates and is made up of representatives from each voluntary political and professional section of the party 275 the party board meets about once a month and works closely with cchq elected representatives and the voluntary membership mainly through a number of management sub committees such as membership candidates and conferences leadership the leader of the conservative party has been kemi badenoch since 2 november 2024 the leader of a party that wins an election invariably becomes prime minister the political task of the leader of the conservative party is if possible to win a general election for or at least to secure the survival of the conservative and unionist party 276 william hague has described the tory party leadership selection process as absolute monarchy moderated by regicide 276 historically the leader of the conservative party was chosen by a magic circle of senior figures from which after a customary processes of consultation within the party an opaque process led to a new leader emerging 277 in 1957 anthony eden resigned and was expected to be succeeded by rab butler who was expected to win or harold macmillan unexpectedly alec douglas home was chosen iain macleod in the spectator suggested that the leadership race had been fixed by the magic circle of nine senior conservatives eight out of whom were old etonians 278 douglas home saw the need for democratisation and in the mid 1960s instituted a new mechanism for selecting a leader they would be elected by conservative mps in a process presided over by the chairman of the 1922 committee to stand an mp needed a proposer and a seconder after a first ballot a candidate with both an overall majority and 15 more of the votes cast than any other candidate would become leader otherwise there would be a second ballot with the winner of an overall majority becoming leader if still no winner the three top candidates would take part in a final ballot with mps voting for their first and second preferences edward heath won the first election under these rules in 1998 when william hague was party leader he introduced reforms intended to make the election more democratic mps would vote repeatedly to whittle the contenders down to two one of whom would be picked by a vote of the entire party membership these rules current as of 2025 are explained in detail in a house of commons research briefing with brief description of earlier procedures 279 once a leader has been elected they cannot be challenged for the leadership for one year 276 although they can be pressed to resign membership share of the vote received by conservatives blue whigs liberals liberal democrats orange labour red and others grey in general elections since 1832 280 281 membership peaked in the mid 1950s at approximately 3 million before declining steadily through the second half of the 20th century 282 despite an initial boost shortly after david cameron s election as leader in december 2005 membership resumed its decline in 2006 to a lower level than when he was elected in 2010 the conservative party had about 177 000 members according to activist tim montgomerie 283 and in 2013 membership was estimated by the party itself at 134 000 284 the conservative party had a membership of 124 000 in march 2018 285 in may 2019 its membership was thought to be around 160 000 with over half of its members being over 55 286 287 its membership rose to 200 000 in march 2021 288 in july 2022 it had 172 437 members 289 in july 2025 it was revealed that the party s membership had fallen to 123 000 2 prospective parliamentary candidates further information prospective parliamentary candidate associations select their constituency s candidates 274 290 some associations have organised open parliamentary primaries a constituency association must choose a candidate using the rules approved by and in england wales and northern ireland from a list established by the committee on candidates of the board of the conservative party 291 prospective candidates apply to the conservative central office to be included on the approved list of candidates some candidates will be given the option of applying for any seat they choose while others may be restricted to certain constituencies 292 293 a conservative mp can only be deselected at a special general meeting of the local conservative association which can only be organised if backed by a petition of more than fifty members 292 young conservatives main article young conservatives uk young conservatives is the youth wing of the conservative party for members aged 25 and under the organisation aims to increase youth ownership and engagement in local associations 294 from 1998 to 2015 the youth wing was called conservative future and had branches at universities and at parliamentary constituency level it was shut down in 2015 after allegations that bullying by mark clarke had caused the suicide of elliot johnson a 21 year old party activist 295 296 294 the current incarnation was launched in march 2018 conferences the major annual party events are the spring forum and the conservative party conference which takes place in autumn in alternately manchester or birmingham this is when the national conservative convention holds meetings funding in the first decade of the twenty first century half the party s funding came from a cluster of fifty donor groups and a third of it from only fifteen 297 in the year after the 2010 general election half the conservatives funding came from the financial sector 298 for 2013 the conservative party had an income of 25 4 million of which 749 000 came from membership subscriptions 299 in 2015 according to accounts filed with the electoral commission the party had an income of about 41 8 million and expenditures of about 41 million 300 construction businesses including the wates group and jcb have also been significant donors to the party contributing 430 000 and 8 1m respectively between 2007 and 2017 301 the advisory board of the party represents donors who have given significant sums to the party typically in excess of 250 000 302 in december 2022 the guardian reported 10 of conservative peers were large party donors and gave nearly 50m in total 27 out of the party s 274 peers had given over 100 000 to the conservatives at least 6 large donor peers got government jobs in the 10 years to 2022 303 financial ties to russian oligarchs the conservative party has received funding from russian oligarchs beginning in the early 2000s for which it has been criticised 304 305 scrutiny became more prominent after alleged interference in the 2016 brexit referendum by the kremlin to support the vote leave campaign and increased after the intelligence and security committee russia report into russian ...
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