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yemenite manuscripts and includes an extensive commentary by qafih that surveys the discussions of the classical commentaries on mishneh torah and includes verbatim citation of previous commentaries in their entirety along with qafih s comments the yad peshutah edition by rabbi nahum rabinovitch rosh yeshivat yeshivat birkat moshe in ma ale adumim this edition is based on a number of manuscripts different ones are used for the different books according to their reliability and includes an original commentary on the mishneh torah the exact mishneh torah edition by rabbi yitzchak shelat also of yeshivat birkat moshe has no commentary it compares the printed versions to the fixed version so far four volumes have been printed the publisher expects to print two new volumes each year a one volume edition 1000 pages published by yeshivat or vishua and now in its third edition reflects all the editions based on reliable manuscripts accompanied by surrounding indexes but with no commentary the text was checked again based mainly on qafih s edition it gives variant readings from the other leading editions only in cases where the changes are meaningful the mishne torah project of the yeshiva also plans to publish a multi volume pocket edition including vowel diacritics and cross references to other passages and to maimonides other works the pocket version of sefer ha madda the book of knowledge is already in print codes and commentators edit see also list of commentaries on mishneh torah title page of karo s shulchan aruch mishneh torah itself has been the subject of a number of commentaries the most notable being magid mishné by vidal de toulouse migdal oz by shem tov ben abraham ibn gaon kesef mishné by yosef karo mishné la melech by judah rosanes lechem mishné by abraham de boton rabbi david ben zimra radbaz and haggahot maimuniyyot by meir hakohen which details ashkenazi customs most commentators aim to resolve criticisms of the raavad and to trace maimonides sources to the text of the talmud midrash and geonim later codes of jewish law such as arba ah turim by rabbi jacob ben asher and shulchan aruch by rabbi yosef karo draw heavily on maimonides work and in both whole sections are often quoted verbatim also there were many attempts down to the present time to force those who follow the rulings of maimonides to change to the shulchan aruch or some other latter work of minhag halakha in response to this karo wrote who is he whose heart conspires to approach forcing congregations who practice according to the rambam of blessed memory to go by any one of the early or latter day torah authorities is it not a case of a fortiori that regarding the school of shammai that the halakhah does not go according to them they the talmudic sages said if one practices like the school of shammai he may do so but according to their leniencies and their stringencies the rambam is the greatest of all the torah authorities and all the communities of the land of israel and the arab controlled lands and the west north africa practice according to his word and accepted him upon themselves as their chief rabbi whoever practices according to him with his leniencies and his stringencies why coerce them to budge from him and all the more so if also their fathers and forefathers practiced accordingly for their children are not to turn right or left from the rambam of blessed memory and even if communities that practice according to the rosh or other authorities like him became the majority they cannot coerce the minority of congregations practicing according to the rambam of blessed memory to practice like they do and there is no issue here concerning the prohibition against having two courts in the same city lo tithgodedu since every congregation should practice according to its original custom present day edit study edit the in depth study of mishneh torah underwent a revival in lithuanian judaism in the late 19th century the lithuanians did not use it as a source book on practical halakha as they followed the ashkenazi authorities such as moses isserles and the aruch ha shulchan instead they used it as a guide to talmudic interpretation and methodology given the fact that the mishneh torah entirely omits these topics this reading seems paradoxical and against the grain their method was to compare the talmudic source material with maimonides final decision in order to reconstruct the rules of interpretation that must have been used to get from one to the other it thus remains an integral part of the yeshiva curriculum as regards talmud study it is one of the primary works referenced in analyzing the talmudic text from a legal point of view as mentioned it is also a primary text referenced in understanding the halakha as presented in the arba ah turim and shulchan aruch and mishneh torah is thus one of the first post talmudic sources consulted when investigating a question of jewish law see yeshiva talmud study yeshiva jewish law halakha codes of jewish law prominent recent authorities who have written commentaries on the work include rabbis meir simcha of dvinsk ohr somayach chaim soloveitchik chiddushei rabbeinu chaim yitzchok isaac krasilschikov tevunah isser zalman meltzer even haezel and more recently the lubavitcher rebbe rabbi menachem mendel schneerson hadran al harambam elazar shach avi ezri nahum rabinovitch yad peshuta and rabbi yosef kapach see also list of commentaries on mishneh torah many scholarly speeches e g the traditional rabbi s speech on the shabbat preceding pesach and yom kippur often revolve around a reconciliation between two passages in maimonides work rav soloveitchik s work al hateshuvah discussing repentance in the light of rambam s work is widely studied and referenced in modern orthodox communities in the days leading up to rosh hashanah and yom kippur today thousands of orthodox jews particularly chabad hasidim participate in one of the annual study cycles of mishneh torah one or three chapters a day innovated by the lubavitcher rebbe rabbi menachem mendel schneerson in the spring of 1984 parallel to the three or one chapter s a day cycle there is a daily study of the sefer hamitzvot book of the commandments also authored by maimonides a popular commentary rambam la am rambam for the nation was produced in 1971 by rabbi shmuel tanchum rubinstein he published by mossad harav kook 18 non primary source needed this 20 volume set is widely used in daily rambam study in the israeli chabad and religious zionist communities adin steinsaltz produced a similarly positioned commentary published by koren in 2017 19 non primary source needed practice edit as for halakha l maaseh practical application of jewish law although the majority of jews keep jewish law according to various other rabbinic codes organized around the shulchan aruch an increasing number of yemenite jews as well as various other individuals are being attracted to the mishneh torah as their choice code of jewish law by which to live they may consider it a return to the original ways of their ancestors one individual who contributed to this phenomenon was rabbi yiḥyah qafiḥ the founder of the dor daim movement in yemen the mishneh torah had always been a leading authority in the baladi local traditionalist yemenite community as a matter of local custom scholarly work in this vein was continued by his grandson rabbi yosef qafiḥ also spelled gafah qafahh or kapach yosef qafiḥ is credited with the publication of an almost encyclopedic commentary to the entire mishneh torah including his own insights set to a text of the mishneh torah based upon the authoritative hand written manuscripts preserved by the yemenite jewish community the introduction to his edition of the mishneh torah is well known in itself as a defense for the keeping of halakha according to the mishneh torah 20 during his lifetime yosef qafiḥ was a leading figure in the baladi yemenite community as a whole as well as the dor daim or strict rambamists after qafiḥ died rabbi rasson arusi has largely filled his place as the leading public representative of the baladi and rambamist communities rabbi rasson arusi is founder of halikhoth ahm yisroel and makhon mishnath harambam and head of the marriage department of the rabbinate of israel as well as chief rabbi of city of kiryat ono in israel arusi and the organization makhon mishnath harambam have published several books filled with commentary on various parts and aspects of the mishneh torah as well as topics related to the yemenite jewish community besides the works of qafiḥ and arusi there are a number of other commentaries to the mishneh torah written by leaders of the yemenite jewish community ethnology edit scholars specializing in the study of the history and subculture of judaism in premodern china sino judaica have noted this work has surprising similarities with the liturgy of the kaifeng jews descendants of persian merchants who settled in the middle kingdom during the early song dynasty 21 beyond scriptural similarities michael pollak comments the jews pentateuch was divided into 53 sections according to the persian style 22 he also points out there is no proof to be sure that kaifeng jewry ever had direct access to the works of the great eagle but it would have had ample time and opportunity to acquire or become acquainted with them well before its reservoir of jewish learning began to run out nor do the maimonidean leanings of the kehillah contradict the historical evidence that has the jews arriving in kaifeng no later than 1126 the year in which the sung fled the city and nine years before maimonides was born in 1163 when the kehillah built the first of its synagogues maimonides was only twenty eight years old so that it is highly unlikely that even his earliest authoritative teachings could by then have reached china the compliance of their descendants with certain uniquely maimonidean interpretations implies that the channels of communication between the kehillah and extra chinese jewish centers were still open several generations after its establishment 23 the work was being used by the jews of india during maimonides lifetime in response to a letter from the rabbis of lunel france requesting him to translate his guide of the perplexed from arabic to hebrew maimonides applauded their piety in light of what he viewed as the general stagnation of religiosity throughout the rest of the jewish world however he commented only lately some well to do men came forward and purchased three copies of my code the mishneh torah which they distributed through messengers thus the horizon of these jews was widened and the religious life in all communities as far as india revived 24 further support for the mishneh torah circulating in india comes in the form of a letter sent from safed israel to italy in 1535 in it david del rossi claimed that a tripolitan jewish merchant had told him the india town of shingly cranganore had a large jewish population who dabbled in yearly pepper trade with the portuguese as far as their religious life he wrote they only recognize the code of maimonides and possessed no other authority or traditional law 25 adam schiff chose to take his senate oath of office on a second edition soncino 1490 of the mishneh torah in 2024 in part because of his concerns about the state of the rule of law and also because of his nerdy interest in how old this volume is and how comprehensive it is 26 translations edit the first known english translation of the mishneh torah was made in 1832 by herman hedwig bernard professor of hebrew at cambridge university bernard s work is titled the main principles of the creed and ethics of the jews exhibited in selections from the yad hachazakah of maimonides with a literal english translation copious illustrations from the talmud c bernard s work includes a glossary of words and concepts which appear in the mishneh torah 27 the 1888 work dat vadin by rabbi moses frankel published in odessa is a russian language summary of the mishneh torah 28 in 1944 philip birnbaum published an excerpted translation published as maimonides mishneh torah yad hazakah 29 the yale judaica series edition of the mishneh torah was started in 1949 and is almost complete except the book of knowledge which is in progress introduction isadore twersky 1982 isbn 0 300 02846 6 book 2 the book of love menachem kellner 2004 isbn 0 300 10348 4 book 3 the book of seasons solomon gandz and hyman klein 1961 isbn 0 300 00322 6 book 3 treatise 8 the sanctification of the new moon solomon gandz julian obermann otto neugebauer 1956 isbn 0 300 00476 1 book 4 the book of women isaac klein 1972 isbn 0 300 01438 4 isbn 978 0 300 01438 9 book 5 the book of holiness leon nemoy louis i rabinowitz and philip grossman 1965 isbn 0 300 00846 5 book 6 the book of asseverations b d klein 1962 isbn 0 300 00633 0 book 7 the book of agriculture isaac klein 1979 isbn 0 300 02223 9 book 8 the book of temple service mendell lewittes 1957 isbn 0 300 00497 4 book 9 the book of offerings herbert danby 1950 isbn 0 300 00398 6 book 10 the book of cleanness herbert danby 1954 isbn 0 300 00397 8 book 11 the book of torts hyman klein 1954 isbn 0 300 00632 2 book 12 the book of acquisitions isaac klein 1951 isbn 0 300 00631 4 book 13 the book of civil laws jacob j rabinowitz 1949 isbn 0 300 00845 7 book 14 the book of judges abraham m hershman 1949 isbn 0 300 00548 2 in 1981 feldheim publishers published an edition of the first two books based on the oxford manuscript with the translation of moses hyamson as the translation was made from the traditional printed texts it does not always match the hebrew 30 moznaim publishing corporation has published an annotated english translation of the mishneh torah by rabbi eliyahu touger this edition is available online on chabad org 31 in november 2006 mayer alter horowitz of the boston hasidic dynasty announced that the nesher hagodol legacy foundation had begun a translation perush hameir elucidating and explaining the mishneh torah 32 see also edit list of commentaries on mishneh torah hebrew translations of all of maimonides jewish works as opposed to e g medical by rabbi yosef kapach rambam shulchan aruch references edit 1 2 3 yad mal akhi rule 26 and 27 p 186 grossman maxine 2011 the oxford dictionary of the jewish religion oxford university press p 311 isbn 978 0 19 973004 9 haggahot www jewishvirtuallibrary org retrieved 2025 09 09 preface to the mishneh torah berlin adele grossman maxine 2011 the oxford dictionary of the jewish religion oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 973004 9 retrieved 1 august 2021 goldenberg robert talmud back to the sources reading the classic jewish texts edited by barry w holtz simon schuster 1984 pp 129 175 mishneh torah hilkhot matanot aniyim laws about giving to poor people chapter 10 7 14 yad hilkhot talmud torah 1 11 letter to rabbi jonathan of lunel in which he thanks the latter f...
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