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Text of the page (random words):
link them together with non free programs while strong copyleft strictly forbids this practice most of the gnu project s output is released under a strong copyleft although some is released under a weak copyleft or a lax push over free software license 41 42 operating system development edit gnu hurd live cd main article gnu the first goal of the gnu project was to create a whole free software operating system because unix was already widespread and ran on more powerful machines compared to contemporary cp m or ms dos machines of time 43 it was decided it would be a unix like operating system richard stallman later commented that he considered ms dos a toy 44 by 1992 the gnu project had completed all of the major operating system utilities but had not completed their proposed operating system kernel gnu hurd with the release of the linux kernel for the first time under the gplv2 with version 0 12 in 1992 the project was started independently by linus torvalds in 1991 but not under gpl it was possible to run an operating system composed completely of free software though the linux kernel is not part of the gnu project it was developed using gcc and other gnu programming tools and was released as free software under the gnu general public license 45 most compilation of the linux kernel is still done with gnu toolchains but it is currently possible to use the clang compiler and the llvm toolchain for compilation 46 as of present the gnu project has not released a version of gnu hurd that is suitable for production environments since the commencement of the gnu hurd project over 35 years ago 47 gnu free system distribution guidelines edit the gnu free system distribution guidelines gnu fsdg is a system distribution commitment that explains how an installable system distribution such as a linux distribution qualifies as free libre and helps distribution developers make their distributions qualify 48 the list mostly describes distributions that are a combination of gnu packages with a linux libre kernel a modified linux kernel that removes binary blobs obfuscated code and portions of code under proprietary licenses and consist only of free software eschewing proprietary software entirely 49 50 51 distributions that have adopted the gnu fsdg include dragora gnu linux libre gnu guix system hyperbola gnu linux libre parabola gnu linux libre trisquel gnu linux pureos and a few others 52 in 2022 debian was close to becoming a fsf endorsed distro but it had another repository on its servers with non free packages therefore it did not become fsf endorsed debian 12 added an option in its installer for non free hardware to work by running non free code 53 the fedora project s distribution license guidelines were used as a basis for the fsdg 54 the fedora project s own guidelines however currently do not follow the fsdg and thus the gnu project does not consider fedora to be a fully free libre gnu linux distribution 51 strategic projects edit see also free software foundation high priority projects and gnu toolchain from the mid 1990s onward with many companies investing in free software development the free software foundation redirected its funds toward the legal and political support of free software development software development from that point on focused on maintaining existing projects and starting new projects only when there was an acute threat to the free software community one of the most notable projects of the gnu project is the gnu compiler collection whose components have been adopted as the standard compiler system on many unix like systems the copyright of most works by the gnu project is owned by the free software foundation 55 gnome edit the gnome desktop effort was launched by the gnu project because another desktop system kde was becoming popular but required users to install qt which was then proprietary software to prevent people from being tempted to install kde and qt the gnu project simultaneously launched two projects one was the harmony toolkit this was an attempt to make a free software replacement for qt had this project been successful the perceived problem with the kde would have been solved the second project was gnome which tackled the same issue from a different angle it aimed to make a replacement for kde that had no dependencies on proprietary software the harmony project did not make much progress but gnome developed very well eventually the proprietary component that kde depended on qt was released as free software 56 gnome has since when dissociated itself from the gnu project and the free software foundation and is now independently managed by the gnome project 57 better source needed gnu enterprise edit gnu enterprise gnue was a meta project started in 1996 58 and can be regarded as a sub project of the gnu project gnue s goal is to create free enterprise class data aware applications enterprise resource planners etc gnue is designed to collect enterprise software for the gnu system in a single location much like the gnome project collects desktop software it was later decommissioned 59 recognition edit in 2001 the gnu project received the usenix lifetime achievement award for the ubiquity breadth and quality of its freely available redistributable and modifiable software which has enabled a generation of research and commercial development 60 see also edit free and open source software portal free software foundation gnu free documentation license list of gnu packages 9965 gnu references edit a bold gnu head archived from the original on december 5 2014 retrieved june 28 2026 we thank aurelio a heckert for donating this graphic to us a gnu head archived from the original on july 28 2011 retrieved november 30 2014 this graphic was drawn by etienne suvasa what is gnu the gnu operating system free software foundation september 4 2009 archived from the original on 2004 04 02 retrieved 2009 10 09 the name gnu is a recursive acronym for gnu s not unix it is pronounced g noo as one syllable with no vowel sound between the g and the n 1 2 the gnu manifesto free software foundation july 21 2007 archived from the original on 2018 07 14 retrieved 2015 10 08 torvalds linus benedict august 1991 comp os minix archived from the original on 2013 05 09 retrieved 2009 09 06 z archive of linux version 0 99 the linux kernel archives december 1992 archived from the original on 2017 01 30 balsa andrew d the linux kernel mailing list faq the linux kernel archives kernel org archived from the original on 2012 10 01 retrieved 2013 06 13 we have tried to use the word linux or the expression linux kernel to designate the kernel and gnu linux to designate the entire body of gnu gpl ed os software many people forget that the linux kernel mailing list is a forum for discussion of kernel related matters not gnu linux in general mark shuttleworth 14 february 2014 losing graciously archived from the original on 22 march 2014 retrieved 27 april 2014 today our focus is on the cloud and on mobile and we are quite clearly leading gnu linux on both fronts stallman richard may 29 2001 free software freedom and cooperation speech new york university retrieved march 24 2026 so despite our skill as programmers after all we had written our own timesharing system we were completely helpless to add this feature to the printer software richard stallman new unix implementation archived from the original on 2011 01 22 retrieved 2013 09 27 stallman richard 2022 how i do my computing archived from the original on january 31 2023 retrieved january 31 2023 wardrip fruin noah and nick montfort the gnu manifesto the newmediareader cambridge massachusetts mit 2003 pp 545 550 gnu s bulletin vol 1 no 3 gnu org june 1987 archived from the original on 2015 11 25 retrieved 2014 04 18 the gnu manifesto gnu project what s gnu gnu s not unix archived from the original on 2026 05 21 retrieved 2026 06 05 help el lisp emacs git emacs source repository cgit git savannah gnu org retrieved 2026 09 03 stallman richard march 1985 the gnu manifesto gnu project free software foundation fsf gnu org gnu project archived from the original on 2018 07 14 retrieved 2011 10 18 weber s 2004 the success of open source cambridge harvard university press essays and articles gnu project free software foundation www gnu org archived from the original on 2026 08 29 retrieved 2026 09 03 speeches and interviews gnu project free software foundation www gnu org archived from the original on 2026 08 26 retrieved 2026 09 03 the four essential freedoms gnu operating system free software foundation inc 2024 01 01 retrieved 2025 12 23 free software can be commercial gnu operating system free software foundation inc 2024 01 01 retrieved 2025 12 23 helping the gnu project and the free software movement gnu project free software foundation archived 2015 12 25 at the wayback machine gnu org retrieved on 2013 07 17 copyright papers information for maintainers of gnu software fsf 2011 06 30 retrieved 2011 07 27 why the fsf gets copyright assignments from contributors gnu fsf 2011 07 15 retrieved 2011 07 27 how to choose a license for your own work gnu free software foundation retrieved 2012 07 12 raymond eric s 2002 11 09 licensing howto catb archived from the original on february 15 2022 retrieved 2012 09 22 gpl 1 0 old licenses gnu fsf 1 2 kelty christopher m june 2008 writing copyright licenses two bits the cultural significance of free software duke university press isbn 978 0 82234264 9 the history of the gnu general public license free software gnu s flashes gnu s bulletin gnu project vol 1 no 5 free software foundation fsf jun 11 1998 open source license data open source resource center black duck software archived from the original on october 8 2012 retrieved september 24 2012 top open source licenses in 2020 trends and predictions whitesource software archived from the original on february 19 2020 retrieved february 19 2020 chopra samir dexter scott august 2007 decoding liberation the promise of free and open source software routledge pp 46 52 isbn 978 0 41597893 4 the origins of linux and the lgpl free bsd goldman ron gabriel richard p april 2005 innovation happens elsewhere open source as business strategy morgan kaufmann pp 133 34 isbn 978 1 55860889 4 smith roderick w 2012 free software and the gpl linux essentials john wiley sons isbn 978 1 11819739 4 frequently asked questions about the gnu licenses gnu project retrieved may 11 2023 copying master xorg xserver gitlab gitlab 2014 08 25 retrieved 2023 07 18 permissive vs copyleft open source licenses 2021 statista retrieved 2023 07 18 what is copyleft gnu project free software foundation www gnu org archived from the original on 2026 08 26 retrieved 2026 09 03 ncurses wiki freedesktop org archived from the original on 2021 03 22 retrieved 2019 03 18 it is one of the few gnu files not distributed under the gnu general public license or gnu lesser general public license it is distributed under a license like the x11 license why you shouldn t use the lesser gpl for your next library gnu archived from the original on 2007 11 26 retrieved 2019 03 18 there are reasons that can make it better to use the lesser gpl in certain cases gnu s bulletin volume 1 no 1 february 1986 archived from the original on 2015 06 23 retrieved 2020 08 16 richard stallman freedom radio new zealand august 9 2008 archived from the original on october 31 2020 retrieved august 16 2020 linus benedict torvalds august 26 1991 what would you like to see most in minix comp os minix archived from the original on april 30 2013 retrieved july 28 2016 the kernel development community building linux with clang llvm the linux kernel docs archived from the original on 2022 09 27 retrieved 2022 10 08 gnu hurd hurd status gnu operating system free software foundation archived from the original on 2020 11 12 retrieved 2018 04 15 it may not be ready for production use as there are still some bugs and missing features free system distribution guidelines gnu fsdg gnu project free software foundation www gnu org archived from the original on 2026 08 29 retrieved 2026 09 03 guidelines for free system distributions gnu org archived from the original on 2015 12 08 retrieved 2014 04 17 avoiding ruinous compromises www gnu org archived from the original on 2018 06 22 retrieved 2016 07 22 1 2 explaining why we don t endorse other systems gnu archived from the original on 2011 04 24 retrieved 2016 07 22 list of free gnu linux distributions gnu project free software foundation gnu org archived from the original on 2014 12 16 retrieved 2014 08 18 explaining why we don t endorse other systems gnu project free software foundation archived from the original on 2009 03 22 retrieved 2026 03 28 free system distribution guidelines gnu fsdg gnu project gnu org publisher archived from the original on 2015 12 08 retrieved 2014 06 07 we would like to thank the fedora project for their help in focusing these policies and allowing us to use their own distribution license guidelines as a basis for this document moglen eben why the fsf gets copyright assignments from contributors gnu project archived from the original on 2023 05 11 retrieved 2023 05 11 stallman richard september 5 2000 stallman on qt the gpl kde and gnome linux today archived from the original on 2012 04 19 retrieved 2005 09 09 mcgovern neil nmcgovern april 14 2021 i asked as ed for gnome gnu to remove us from that page multiple times they have refused to do so tweet via twitter gnu enterprise project history gnu enterprise 2013 01 16 archived from the original on 2013 01 16 retrieved 2019 02 18 gnu enterprise homepage usenix lifetime achievement award the flame usenix archived from the original on 2007 12 28 retrieved 2007 12 05 external links edit official website v t e gnu project history gnu manifesto free software foundation europe india latin america history of free software licenses gnu general public license linking exception font exception gnu lesser general public license gnu affero general public license gnu free documentation license gnat modified general public license software gnu variants hurd linux libre glibc bash coreutils findutils build system gcc binutils gdb grub gnustep gimp jami gnu emacs gnu texmacs gnu octave gnu taler gnu r gsl gmp gnu electric gnu archimedes gnunet gnu privacy guard gnuzilla icecat gnu health gnumed gnu lilypond gnu go gnu chess gnash guix more contributors benjamin mako hill bradley m kühn brian fox federico heinz john sullivan richard m stallman other topics gnu linux naming controversy revolution os free software foundation anti windows campaigns defective by design v t e free software foundation people geoffrey knauth henry poole richard m stallman gerald jay sussman gnu project gnu general public license gnu lesser general public license gnu affero general public license other projects free software directory fsf free software awards free software 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