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description= 15 posts published by Lars Syll during December 2025;
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tle explanatory value these kinds of explanations both in their deterministic and statistic probabilistic versions rely heavily on deductive entailment from premises that are assumed to be true but they have precious little to say on where these assumed to be true premises originate the deductive logic of confirmation and explanation may work well provided they are used in deterministic closed models in mathematics the deductive axiomatic method has worked perfectly well but science is not mathematics conflating these two domains of knowledge has been one of the most fundamental errors made in the science of economics applying the deductive axiomatic method to real world systems immediately proves it to be excessively narrow and irrelevant both the confirmatory and explanatory variants of hypothetico deductive reasoning fail since there is no way one can relevantly analyse confirmation or explanation as a purely logical relation between hypothesis and evidence or between law like rules and explananda in science we argue and try to substantiate our beliefs and hypotheses with reliable evidence propositional and predicate deductive logic on the other hand is not about reliability but the validity of the conclusions given that the premises are true deduction and the inferences that accompany it is an example of explicative reasoning where the conclusions we draw are already contained within the premises deductive inferences are purely analytical and it is this truth preserving nature of deduction that distinguishes it from all other kinds of reasoning but this is also its limitation since truth in the deductive context does not refer to a real world ontology relating propositions only as true or false within a formal logic system and as an argument scheme deduction is entirely non ampliative the output of the analysis is nothing other than the input to give an economics example consider the following rather typical yet uninformative and tautological deductive inference premise 1 the firm seeks to maximise its profits premise 2 the firm maximises its profits when marginal cost equals marginal revenue conclusion the firm will operate its business at the equilibrium where marginal cost equals marginal revenue this is as empty as deductive nomological explanations of singular facts built upon simple generalisations premise 1 all humans are less than 20 feet tall premise 2 bob is a human conclusion bob is less than 20 feet tall although a logically valid inference this is scarcely an explanation since we would still probably wish to know why all humans are less than 20 feet tall deductive nomological explanations also often suffer from a sort of emptiness stemming from a lack of real causal connection between premises and conclusions premise 1 all humans who take birth control pills do not become pregnant premise 2 bob took birth control pills conclusion bob did not become pregnant most people would probably not consider this much of a real explanation learning new things about reality demands something other than a reasoning where the knowledge is already embedded in the premises these other kinds of reasoning induction and abduction may provide good but not conclusive reasons that is the price we must pay if we wish to have something substantial and interesting to say about the real world share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky var blev ni av ljuva drömmar 28 dec 2025 at 20 17 posted in varia comments off on var blev ni av ljuva drömmar share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky the real tasks of social science and regression analysis 26 dec 2025 at 11 41 posted in statistics econometrics comments off on the real tasks of social science and regression analysis after mastering the technicalities of regression analysis and econometrics students often feel as though they are masters of the universe i usually bring them back down to earth by assigning christopher achen s modern classic interpreting and using regression this tends to put them back on track helping them to understand that no increase in methodological sophistication alter the fundamental nature of the subject it remains a wondrous mixture of rigorous theory experienced judgment and inspired guesswork and that finally is its charm and in case they become too excited about having learned to navigate the intricacies of proper significance tests and p values i also ask them to reflect on achen s warning significance testing as a search for specification errors substitutes calculations for substantive thinking worse it channels energy toward the hopeless search for functionally correct specifications and diverts attention from the real tasks which are to formulate a manageable description of the data and to exclude competing ones share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky my habermasian perspective on multiculturalism 25 dec 2025 at 19 14 posted in politics society 4 comments when a liberal society faces the question of granting spe cial privileges immunities and political autonomy to one cultural group it cannot compromise on fundamental human rights furthermore those who understand liberal democracy as itself a way of life grounded in a distinct moral faith cannot in good conscience agree to allow schools or the government to suppress the democratic way of growth and transformation the democratic way conflicts with any rigid idea of or absolute right to cultural survival the democratic way means respect for and openness to all cultures but it also challenges all cultures to abandon those intellectual and moral values that are inconsistent with the ideals of freedom equality and the ongoing cooperative experimental search for truth and well being it is a creative method of transformation this is its deeper spiritual and revolutionary significance steven c rockefeller culture identity ethnicity gender and religiosity should never be accepted as a basis for intolerance in political and civic aspects in a modern democratic society people belonging to these different groups must be able to rely on society to protect them against the abuses of intolerance all citizens must have the freedom and right to question and leave their own group against those who do not accept this tolerance we must be intolerant in sweden we have long embraced multiculturalism if we mean by multiculturalism that there are several different cultures in our society this does not pose a problem then we are all multiculturalists however if we mean that cultural identity and affiliation also entail specific moral ethical and political rights and obligations then we are discussing something entirely different then we are talking about normative multiculturalism and accepting normative multiculturalism also means tolerating unacceptable intolerance as normative multiculturalism implies that the specific cultural groups rights may be given higher priority than the citizens universal human rights and thus indirectly become a defence for these groups potential intolerance in a normative multiculturalist society institutions and regulations can be used to restrict people s freedom based on unacceptable and intolerant cultural values normative multiculturalism like xenophobia and racism means that individuals are reduced unacceptably to being passive members of a culture or identity bearing group but tolerance does not mean that we must have a relativistic attitude towards identity and culture those who in our society show in their actions that they do not respect other people s rights cannot expect us to be tolerant of them those who use violence to force other people to submit to a specific group s religion ideology or culture are themselves responsible for the intolerance they must be met with in sweden all women and men have equal value and everyone living in sweden must respect this sweden is an open country part of the global community but it is also a country that firmly asserts that the gains we have achieved in terms of equality openness and tolerance over centuries are non negotiable people who come to our country enjoy these rights and freedoms but with these rights and freedoms also comes an obligation everyone without exception must also accept that in our country there is one law the same for everyone rule of law if we are to safeguard the achievements of a modern democratic society society must be intolerant towards people and organisations that promote intolerance in a modern democratic society the rule of law must prevail and apply to everyone against those in our society who seek to force others to live according to their own religious cultural or ideological beliefs and taboos society must be intolerant against those who want to compel society to adapt laws and regulations to the interpretations of their own religion culture or group society must be intolerant cultural heritages and the forms of life articulated in them normally reproduce themselves by convincing those whose personality structures they shape that is by motivating them to appropriate productively and continue the traditions the constitutional state can make this hermeneutic achievement of the cultural reproduction of life worlds possible but it cannot guarantee it for to guarantee survival would necessarily rob the members of the very freedom to say yes or no that is necessary if they are to appropriate and preserve their cultural heritage when a culture has become reflexive the only traditions and forms of life that can sustain themselves are those that bind their members while at the same time subjecting themselves to critical examination and leaving later generations the option of learning from other traditions or converting and setting out for other shores jürgen habermas share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky the greatest of them all 24 dec 2025 at 11 20 posted in varia comments off on the greatest of them all this live performance remains unequalled to this day jussi björling the greatest of them all as luciano pavarotti once said don t compare me with jussi björling i m only human share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky riksbankschefen går utanför sitt mandat 24 dec 2025 at 00 03 posted in politics society 3 comments i en uppmärksammad intervju med svt s agenda 22 12 understryker riksbankschef erik thedéen att han har farhågor om hur framtida underskott i statsbudgeten framledes ska kunna komma att hanteras han kritiserar hanteringen av det finanspolitiska ramverket och efterlyser en återgång till balans i de offentliga finanserna detta är ett flagrant överskridande av det mandat han har som riksbankschef när riksdagen 1998 beslutade om ändringar i regeringsformen och riksbankslagen gjorde man riksbanken formellt och konstitutionellt oberoende från regering och riksdag i penningpolitiska beslut tanken var att man beslutsmässigt skulle ha mer eller mindre vattentäta skott mellan finans och penningpolitik något som thedéen uppenbarligen nu tar sig frihet tolka som att han som ytterst ansvarig för penningpolitiken har mandat att offentligt föra fram synpunkter på hur finanspolitiken ska bedrivas mot bakgrund av thedéens utspel borde kanske ku bjuda in honom för klargörande samtal om han har för avsikt att riva upp den normpolitiska gränsdragningen vi haft under flera decennier för arbetsdelningen mellan riksbank och finansdepartement share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky trump s big ugly bill 22 dec 2025 at 20 16 posted in politics society comments off on trump s big ugly bill share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky one of my favourite girls 22 dec 2025 at 17 36 posted in varia 2 comments hedda our 12 year old jack russell terrier share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky myten om staten som ett hushåll 22 dec 2025 at 14 54 posted in economics comments off on myten om staten som ett hushåll statens betalningar skapar de medel som sedan används av privata aktörer för att betala skatter och köpa statspapper staten är självfinansierad i sin egen valuta staten är ju ensam utgivare och kan därför omöjligen låna samma pengar som bara den kan skapa staten är således finansiellt obegränsad i sin egen valuta och kan alltid operativt köpa allt som är till salu i svenska kronor den verkliga begränsningen uppstår när vi närmar oss taket för vad ekonomin klarar att leverera i form av arbetskraft materiel och produktionskapacitet obegränsat med kronor hjälper inte om det inte finns sjuksköterskor järnvägstekniker eller byggmaterial att köpa för dem det är därför jakten på finansiella överskott och förmögenheter leder fel om politiken felaktigt utgår från att staten först måste ha en förmögenhet och beskatta eller låna innan den kan investera låser vi fast oss i onödiga spärrar vi accepterar arbetslöshet eftersatta skolor och bristande klimatinvesteringar trots att vi har både människor och teknik som kan göra jobbet sverige har alla finansiella resurser som behövs för en snabb omställning och en stark välfärd just för att staten är utgivare av den flytande valuta som vi betalar skatt i frågan är inte om pengarna finns utan hur vi använder vår förmåga att skapa pengar utan att driva upp inflation eller slå i reala flaskhalsar den diskussionen kräver att vi lämnar föreställningen om staten som ett hushåll som först måste ha pengar innan det kan spendera om vi verkligen vill krossa myten om den fattiga staten behöver vi förklara öppet och pedagogiskt att staten aldrig får slut på kronor men att den kan få slut på sjuksköterskor lokförare och byggarbetare vi behöver flytta fokus från finansiella saldon till reala resurser arbetslöshet och klimatmål erik arnell peo hansen share on facebook opens in new window facebook share on x opens in new window x share on bluesky opens in new window bluesky why do economists never mention power 21 dec 2025 at 16 37 posted in economics 2 comments the intransigence of econ 101 points to a dark side of economics namely that the absence of power speak is by design could it be that economics describes the world in a way that purposely keeps the workings of power opaque history suggests that this idea is not so far fetched the key to wielding power successfully is to make control appear legitimate that requires ideology before capitalism rulers legitimised their power by tying it to divine right in modern secular societies however that s ...
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