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ights management drm specifications edit a passive dvi to vga adapter this adapter will not work with a dvi d output it requires a dvi i or dvi a output to get the analog signal to a vga input even if the adapter looks like a dvi d a more expensive active adapter or converter is required to connect dvi d to vga digital edit minimum tmds clock frequency 25 175 mhz used for the mandatory low pixel format display mode vga 640x480 60 hz maximum single link tmds clock frequency 165 mhz single link maximum gross bit rate including 8b 10b overhead 4 95 gbit s net bit rate subtracting 8b 10b overhead 3 96 gbit s dual link bit rates are twice that of single link at an identical clock frequency gross bit rate including 8b 10b overhead at a 165 mhz clock 9 90 gbit s net bit rate subtracting 8b 10b overhead 7 92 gbit s clocks above 165 mhz are allowed in dual link mode note 1 bits per pixel 24 bits per pixel support is mandatory in all resolutions supported less than 24 bits per pixel is optional dual link optionally supports up to 48 bits per pixel if a depth greater than 24 bits per pixel is desired the least significant bits are sent on the second link pixels per tmds clock cycle 1 single link at 24 bits or less per pixel and dual link for 25 to 48 bits per pixel or 2 dual link at 24 bits or less per pixel example display modes single link sxga 1280 1024 85 hz with gtf blanking 159 mhz tmds clock fhd 1920 1080 60 hz with cvt rb blanking 139 mhz tmds clock uxga 1600 1200 60 hz with gtf blanking 161 mhz tmds clock wuxga 1920 1200 60 hz with cvt rb blanking 154 mhz tmds clock wqxga 2560 1600 30 hz with cvt rb blanking 132 mhz tmds clock example display modes dual link qxga 2048 1536 72 hz with cvt blanking 2 pixels per 163 mhz tmds clock fhd 1920 1080 144 hz citation needed wuxga 1920 1200 120 hz with cvt rb blanking 2 pixels per 154 mhz tmds clock wqxga 2560 1600 60 hz with cvt rb blanking 2 pixels per 135 mhz tmds clock wquxga 3840 2400 30 hz with cvt rb blanking 2 pixels per 146 mhz tmds clock generalized timing formula gtf is a vesa standard which can easily be calculated with the linux gtf utility coordinated video timings reduced blanking cvt rb is a vesa standard which offers reduced horizontal and vertical blanking for non crt based displays 14 digital data encoding edit one of the purposes of dvi stream encoding is to provide a dc balanced output that reduces decoding errors this goal is achieved by using 10 bit symbols for 8 bit or less characters and using the extra bits for the dc balancing like other ways of transmitting video there are two different regions the active region where pixel data is sent and the control region where synchronization signals are sent the active region is encoded using transition minimized differential signaling where the control region is encoded with a fixed 8b 10b encoding as the two schemes yield different 10 bit symbols a receiver can fully differentiate between active and control regions when dvi was designed most computer monitors were still of the cathode ray tube type that require analog video synchronization signals the timing of the digital synchronization signals matches the equivalent analog ones so the process of transforming dvi to and from an analog signal does not require extra high speed memory expensive at the time hdcp is an extra layer that transforms the 10 bit symbols before transmitting only after correct authorization can the receiver undo the hdcp encryption control regions are not encrypted in order to let the receiver know when the active region starts clock and data relationship edit dvi provide one tmds clock pair and three data pairs in single link mode or six data pairs in dual link mode tmds data pairs operate at a gross bit rate that is 10 times the frequency of the tmds clock in each tmds clock period there is a 10 bit symbol per tmds data pair representing 8 bits of pixel color in single link mode each set of three 10 bit symbols represents one 24 bit pixel while in dual link mode each set of six 10 bit symbols either represents two 24 bit pixels or one pixel of up to 48 bit color depth the specification document allows the data and the clock to not be aligned however as the ratio between the tmds clock and gross bit rate per tmds pair is fixed at 1 10 the unknown alignment is kept over time the receiver must recover the bits on the stream using any of the techniques of clock data recovery to find the correct symbol boundary the dvi specification allows the tmds clock to vary between 25 and 165 mhz this 1 6 6 ratio can make clock recovery difficult as phase locked loops if used need to work over a large frequency range one benefit of dvi over other interfaces is that it is relatively straightforward to transform the signal from the digital domain into the analog domain using a video dac as both clock and synchronization signals are transmitted fixed frequency interfaces like displayport need to reconstruct the clock from the transmitted data display power management edit the dvi specification includes signaling for reducing power consumption similar to the analog vesa display power management signaling dpms standard a connected device can turn a monitor off when the connected device is powered down or programmatically if the display controller of the device supports it devices with this capability can also attain energy star certification analog edit the analog section of the dvi specification document is brief and points to other specifications like vesa vsis 15 for electrical characteristics and gtfs for timing information the motivation for including analog is to keep compatibility with the previous vga cables and connectors vga pins for hsync vsync and three video channels are available in both dvi i or dvi a but not dvi d connectors and are electrically compatible while pins for ddc clock and data and 5 v power and ground are kept in all dvi connectors thus a passive adapter can interface between dvi i or dvi a but not dvi d and vga connectors dvi and hdmi compatibility edit hdmi is a newer digital audio video interface developed and promoted by the consumer electronics industry dvi and hdmi have the same electrical specifications for their tmds and vesa ddc twisted pairs however hdmi and dvi differ in several key ways hdmi does not carry analog signals and therefore lacks vga compatibility dvi is limited to the rgb color model 16 while hdmi also supports ycbcr 4 4 4 and ycbcr 4 2 2 color spaces which are generally not used for computer graphics in addition to digital video hdmi supports the transport of packets used for digital audio hdmi sources differentiate between legacy dvi displays and hdmi capable displays by reading the display s edid block to promote interoperability between dvi d and hdmi devices hdmi source components and displays support dvi d signaling for example an hdmi display can be driven by a dvi d source because hdmi and dvi d both define an overlapping minimum set of supported resolutions and frame buffer formats some dvi d sources use non standard extensions to output hdmi signals including audio e g ati 3000 series and nvidia gtx 200 series 16 some multimedia displays use a dvi to hdmi adapter to input the hdmi signal with audio exact capabilities vary by video card specifications in the reverse scenario a dvi display that lacks optional support for hdcp might be unable to display protected content even though it is otherwise compatible with the hdmi source features specific to hdmi such as remote control audio transport xvycc and deep color are not usable in devices that support only dvi signals hdcp compatibility between source and destination devices is subject to manufacturer specifications for each device deprecation edit in december 2010 intel amd and several computer and display manufacturers announced they would stop supporting dvi i vga and lvds technologies from 2013 2015 and instead speed up adoption of displayport and hdmi 17 18 they also stated legacy interfaces such as vga dvi and lvds have not kept pace and newer standards such as displayport and hdmi clearly provide the best connectivity options moving forward in our opinion displayport 1 2 is the future interface for pc monitors along with hdmi 1 4a for tv connectivity see also edit list of video connectors diiva bi directional audio video over cat6a pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets dms 59 a single dvi sized connector providing two single link dvi or vga channels notes edit and only used when total bandwidth requirement surpassing 330mhz tmds clock the specification only specifies first link to operate at above single link maximum in such scenario 10 2 2 2 references edit digital visual interface adoption accelerates as industry prepares for next wave of dvi compliant products ddwg copy preserved by internet archive february 16 2000 archived from the original on 28 august 2007 retrieved 29 march 2012 cite news cs1 maint bot original url status unknown link eiden hermann july 7 1999 tft guide part 3 digital interfaces tomshardware com retrieved 29 march 2012 1 2 vesa standards video electronics standards association archived from the original on january 17 1999 1 2 manchester gary 1999 the vesa digital flat panel dfp standard a white paper pdf report vesa marketing committee archived from the original pdf on january 12 2016 1 2 3 digital visual interface tmds extensions pdf report silicon image october 2004 retrieved 31 january 2023 manchester gary october 7 1996 molex pnd intellectual property letter pdf archived from the original pdf on february 22 2003 vesa plug and display p d standard version 1 pdf video electronics standards association june 11 1997 archived from the original pdf on july 4 2003 microcross dvi connector system digital visual interface standard pdf molex december 2000 retrieved 31 january 2023 microcross dvi digital visual interface connector system pdf molex november 1999 retrieved 31 january 2023 1 2 digital visual interface revision 1 0 pdf digital display working group 2 april 1999 retrieved 31 january 2023 walton jarred march 2 2007 dell 2407wfp and 3007wfp lcd comparison anandtech archived from the original on may 20 2010 retrieved november 7 2013 docter quentin dulaney emmett skandier toby 2012 comptia a complete deluxe study guide exams 220 801 and 220 802 indianapolis indiana john wiley sons inc isbn 978 1118324066 kruegle herman 2006 8 cctv surveillance analog and digital video practices and technology butterworth heinemann p 268 isbn 0 7506 7768 6 advanced timing and cea eia 861b timings nvidia retrieved 2008 06 18 video signal standard vsis version 1 rev 2 available for purchase at http www vesa org 1 2 appendix c high definition multimedia interface specification 1 3a pdf technical report hdmi la 2006 11 10 retrieved 2026 05 15 intel newsrom leading pc companies move to all digital display technology phasing out analog 8 december 2010 hdmi versions 2017 01 17 wednesday 1 february 2017 further reading edit silicon image molex 1999 04 02 digital visual interface pdf revision 1 0 initial specification release digital display working group archived from the original on 2012 08 13 v t e audio and video connectors analog audio banana plug binding post d subminiature euroblock din mini din audio jack rca speaker spring terminal speakon xlr digital audio bnc d sub s pdif toslink xlr video bnc component rgb component ypbpr composite video d terminal db13w3 dfp openldi din mini din dms 59 lfh dvi mini dvi micro dvi rca s video udi vga mini vga audio and video adc belling lee ccj eiaj evc type f gpmi hdbaset hdmi displayport mdp mhl supermhl minijack p d pdmi scart visual charts list of video connectors general purpose thunderbolt usb v t e audio and video interfaces and connectors audio only analog pc system design guide connectors trs 3 5 mm balanced audio connectors trs 6 35 mm xlr digital s pdif connectors rca jack coaxial toslink optical bnc aes3 aes ebu connectors rca jack xlr toslink optical bnc video only analog vga connectors db 15 dvi a composite connectors rca jack yellow s video connectors mini din 4 pin component connectors rca jacks 3 composite s video and component connectors vivo using mini din 9 pin digital and analog dvi connectors dvi i dvi d video and audio digital gpmi hdmi connectors hdmi connector displayport connectors displayport connector hdbaset connectors 8p8c connector v t e high definition hd concepts high definition television high definition video ultra high definition television resolutions 720p hd 1080i hd 1080p full hd 1440p quad hd 2160p 4k ultra hd 4320p 8k ultra hd 8640p 16k ultra hd analog broadcast all defunct 819 line system hd mac muse hi vision digital broadcast atsc dmb t h dvb isdb sbtvd audio dolby digital surround sound dsd dxd dts filming and storage dci hdv hd media and compression archival disc av1 blu ray cbhd d vhs dvd audio h 264 h 265 h 266 hd dvd hd vmd hi vision ld mpeg 2 mvc super audio cd ultra hd blu ray uncompressed vc 1 w vhs connectors component displayport dvi gpmi hdmi vga deployments list of digital television deployments by country v t e digital audio and video protocols control direct hdbaset bus cec midi modbus obsolete mlan zipi ip modbus onvif open sound control aes70 rtsp rtp midi detnet audio only direct adat lightpipe aes3 madi s pdif bus a net aes50 supermac audiorail magic ethernet aes51 avb milan cobranet dsnake ethersound reac soundgrid ip aes67 dante netjack livewire q lan ravenna wheatnet ip video direct dvi hdbaset hdmi sdi bus displayport ethernet avb tsn ip hbrmt ipmx iptv mmt mts ndi rtmp rtp sdvoe smpte 2022 smpte 2110 srt other visual charts comparison of audio network protocols see also aes47 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title digital_visual_interface oldid 1374923949 categories computer connectors computer display standards computer related introductions in 1999 digital display connectors high definition television american inventions television technology television transmission standards video signal audiovisual connectors hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from may 2023 all articles needing additional references cs1 maint bot original url status unknown all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from may 2026 pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via module annotated link cs1 unfit url this page was last edited on 14 september 2026 at 21 38 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers 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