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עברית magyar italiano 日本語 한국어 മലയാളം nederlands polski português русский українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia hadrosaurid dinosaur genus from late cretaceous asia nipponosaurus temporal range upper santonian lower campanian 80 ma preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n restored skeleton scientific classification kingdom animalia phylum chordata class reptilia clade dinosauria clade ornithischia clade ornithopoda family hadrosauridae subfamily lambeosaurinae genus nipponosaurus nagao 1936 type species nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao 1936 nipponosaurus meaning japanese lizard is a lambeosaurine hadrosaur from sediments of the yezo group in sinegorsk on the island of sakhalin which was part of japan at the time of the species classification the type and only species is n sachalinensis known only from a single juvenile specimen discovered in 1934 and named in 1936 by takumi nagao with further material of the same individual found in 1937 1 2 3 since then the taxon has been largely ignored and its validity has been doubted with synonymy with other asian hadrosaurs or status as a nomen dubium being suggested redescriptions from 2004 and 2017 however have supported recognition as a distinct species 2 4 5 dating the only specimen has been difficult but based on associated mollusc taxa the species likely lived sometime in the upper santonian or lower campanian around 80 million years ago 4 5 history of study edit central yuzhno sakhalinsk the capital of sakhalin island the holotype specimen was found 28km northwest of the city the holotype uhr 6590 university of hokkaidō registration was discovered in november 1934 during the construction of a hospital for the kawakami colliery of the mitsui mining company on karafuto prefecture now sinegorsk sakhalin russia 4 it was disarticulated when discovered n sachalinensis was named and described in 1936 by professor takumi nagao of the imperial university of hokkaido the generic name refers to nippon the japanese name of japan it was the first dinosaur named based on a find made on japanese territory though south sakhalin was annexed by the soviet union in 1945 the specific name refers to sakhalin 1 although being relatively complete at the time of discovery the specimen was missing much of the skull and limbs a second expedition was organised in the summer of 1937 in which limb material pertaining to the holotype was recovered the next year nagao authored a second article on the species describing these additional remains 3 4 nipponosaurus was described as a member of the trachodontidae however trachodon is now considered an invalid nomen dubium 6 the family is now known as the hadrosauridae among its relatives nagao thought it was possibly closest to the taxa cheneosaurus and tetragonosaurus even suggesting that his species might later prove to be congeneric with one of them 1 however these were later determined to be juvenile forms of hypacrosaurus corythosaurus and lambeosaurus and not distinct species 4 7 for the remainder of the 20th century the taxon was scarcely mentioned 4 while they were still considered valid species the relationship with the supposed cheneosaurs cheneosaurus and procheneosaurus was accepted 8 after this it was rarely assigned past the lambeosaurinae a humerus from a pit near hashima island japan was assigned to nipponosaurus variously referred to as trachodon in 1967 9 no further studies have acknowledged the specimen and the referral has been ignored with the species still considered to be represented by a single specimen 4 in 1977 a review of asian dinosaur palaeontology mentioned it as a possible close relative of mandschurosaurus without comment 10 later in 1989 a study noted that features of its metacarpals could indicate a basal position within the hadrosauridae 4 11 near the turn of the century in 1994 a review of japanese dinosaurs noted the incomplete nature of many asian hadrosaurs could mean some of them including nipponosaurus may in fact be representatives of the same species 5 more extensive research has been conducted in the 21st century in 2004 the species was redescribed with focus on its growth stage they concluded it was a valid taxon and that the holotype was immature 4 more recently a 2017 study provided further descriptions of the specimen and conducted a microscopic examination on sections of the left femur a rib and an isolated chevron which re affirmed the age of the holotype 2 description edit life restoration the immature holotype specimen measures roughly 4 metres 13 feet in length when it was originally described it was considered to be an adult because of its co ossified sacral vertebra future authors doubted this merely citing its small size in the 2004 redescription it was examined more closely and several characteristics were found that identified it as an juvenile individual 4 later in 2017 another team re evaluated the specimen and determined through investigating the fossils at a microscopic level in a process called histology that this was correct although they doubted the significance of some of the characters identified in the former study 2 though the quality of bone preservation is generally poor the holotype skeleton is estimated to be 60 complete 4 it consists of a left maxilla and dentary parietal various isolated skull elements thirteen cervical vertebrae six dorsal vertebrae two sacral vertebrae a series of 35 caudal vertebrae a left scapula lower portions of both humeri most elements of the lower forelimbs an ischium left ilium and most of the hindlimbs 2 4 classification edit some authors have deemed the species a nomen dubium questioning its supposed diagnostic characteristics especially in light of its presumed immature status the validity of the taxon has therefore been controversial the 2004 redescription denied this proposing three diagnostic characters 4 in their description of sahaliyania and wulagasaurus pascal godefroit and colleagues reported based on direct observation of the type specimen that all of these supposed unique traits were found in other hadrosaurids the lack of certain portions of the skull key to evaluating its systematic position was also cited as a reason to doubt the validity of the genus and the problematic nature of the skull had indeed been noted before 5 12 later a 2017 study once again questioned the validity of the proposed diagnostic characters however upon a re examination of the specimen three new ones were put forward 2 a cladistic analysis in 2004 placed nipponosaurus sachalinensis very close to the well known north american hypacrosaurus altispinus within the lambeosaurinae they suggested it might be congeneric with the species but because of the incomplete nature of the holotype and the questionable monophyly of the genus hypacrosaurus they refrained from reassigning it 4 however later in 2007 a study providing a redescription of lambeosaurus magnicristatus re evaluated a character relating to the size of the distal ischial foot and found this drew nipponosaurus away from h altispinus and into a more basal position within their corythosaurini now generally referred to as the lambeosaurini they however noted the only character uniting it specifically with this group an increased number of cervical vertebrae was a state poorly known in more basal asian lambeosaurines and cautioned its position was likely liable to change 13 the left cladogram was recovered in the 2004 study and the right cladogram was recovered by the 2007 study parasaurolophus lambeosaurini hypacrosaurus stebingeri nipponosaurus hypacrosaurus altispinus corythosaurus lambeosaurus parasaurolophini lambeosaurini nipponosaurus lambeosaurus olorotitan corythosaurus hypacrosaurus hypacrosaurus stebingeri hypacrosaurus altispinus mount exhibited in tokyo japan at the national museum of nature and science more recently another analysis accounting for characters that vary through ontogeny instead found it to be closely related to the european taxa arenysaurus and blasisaurus outside of lambeosaurini unlike the earlier studies its position outside of the clade containing parasaurolophini and lambeosaurini was supported by the absence of two synapomorphies of the group in its teeth four characters united it with arenysaurus and blasisaurus the end margin of the coronoid process overlapping with the back portion of the dental battery which was suggested to perhaps reflect a difference in feeding habits from other taxa a short edentulous slope and two characters of the jugal 2 the following cladogram was recovered in their analysis hadrosauridae saurolophinae lambeosaurinae aralosaurus canardia tsintaosaurus pararhabdodon jaxartosaurus arenysaurus blasisaurus nipponosaurus parasaurolophini lambeosaurini palaeoecology edit restoration of a pair the specimen was collected from upper yezo group which was known as the upper ammonites bed at the time of the original description because the area where it was discovered no longer belongs to japan follow up research has become difficult additionally field notes from the time of discovery have been lost this has made determining the age of the horizon problematic however nagao noted fossil molluscs now called parapuzosia japonica and sphenoceramus schmidti were also found at the locality and these are known to hail from the lower campanian an age from the upper santonian or lower campanian is therefore likely 4 5 based on the sediments it was preserved in the nipponosaurus specimen is thought to have been buried in a marine setting however this would not have been far from the shore as indicated by the relatively complete nature of the specimen and the presence of fossilised terrestrial plants found alongside it this indicates the species may have lived primarily on low lying plains near the coast a lifestyle consistent with some of its north american relatives 5 see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to nipponosaurus timeline of hadrosaur research references edit 1 2 3 nagao takumi 1936 nipponosaurus sachalinensis a new genus and species of trachodont dinosaur from japanese saghalien journal of the faculty of science hokkaido imperial university ser 4 geology and mineralogy 3 1 185 220 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 takasaki ryuji et al 2017 reanalysis of the phylogenetic status of nipponosaurus sachalinensis ornithopoda dinosauria from the late cretaceous of southern sakhalin historical biology 30 5 1 18 doi 10 1080 08912963 2017 1317766 s2cid 90767373 1 2 nagao takumi 1938 on the limb bones of nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao a japanese hadrosaurian dinosaur 日本動物学彙報 17 3 311 319 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 suzuki d weishampel d b minoura n 2004 nippponosaurus sachalinensis dinosauria ornithopoda anatomy and systematic position within hadrosauridae journal of vertebrate paleontology 24 1 145 164 bibcode 2004jvpal 24 145s doi 10 1671 a1034 11 s2cid 83841024 1 2 3 4 5 6 masaki matsukawa ikuwo obata 1994 dinosaurs and sedimentary environments in the japanese cretaceous a contribution to dinosaur facies in asia based on molluscan palaeontology and stratigraphy cretaceous research 15 1 101 125 bibcode 1994crres 15 101m doi 10 1006 cres 1994 1005 creisler b s 2007 deciphering duckbills in k carpenter ed horns and beaks ceratopsian and ornithopod dinosaurs indiana university press bloomington and indianapolis 185 210 isbn 0 253 34817 x dodson peter 1975 taxonomic implications of relative growth in lambeosaurine dinosaurs systematic zoology 24 1 37 54 doi 10 2307 2412696 jstor 2412696 rozhdestvensky a k 1968 hadrosaurs of kazakhstan pdf upper paleozoic and mesozoic amphibians and reptiles moscow akademia nauk sssr 97 141 matsuo hidekuni 1967 a cretaceous salvinia from the hashima is gunkan jima outside nagasaki harbour west kyushu japan transactions and proceedings of the paleontological society of japan 49 55 rozhdestvensky a k 1977 the study of dinosaurs in asia pdf palaeontological society of india 20 10 brett surman michael keith 1989 a revision of the hadrosauridae reptilia ornithischia and their evolution during the campanian and maastrichtian faculty of the graduate school of arts and sciences of the george washington university godefroit pascal hai shulin yu tingxiang lauters pascaline 2008 new hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost cretaceous of northeastern china acta palaeontologica polonica 53 1 47 74 doi 10 4202 app 2008 0103 evans david c robert r reisz 2007 anatomy and relationships of lambeosaurus magnicristatus a crested hadrosaurid dinosaur ornithischia from the dinosaur park formation alberta journal of vertebrate paleontology 27 2 373 393 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2007 27 373 aarolm 2 0 co 2 s2cid 86070917 portals dinosaurs russia japan v t e ornithopoda kingdom animalia phylum chordata clade dinosauria clade ornithischia clade neornithischia clade cerapoda avemetatarsalia see avemetatarsalia ornithischia see ornithischia ornithopoda see below ornithopoda ornithopoda burianosaurus callovosaurus thescelosauridae hypsilophodontidae gideonmantellia hypsilophodon vectidromeus elasmaria anabisetia atlascopcosaurus chakisaurus diluvicursor fostoria galleonosaurus gasparinisaura isasicursor kangnasaurus leaellynasaura macrogryphosaurus mahuidacursor morrosaurus muttaburrasaurus notohypsilophodon qantassaurus sektensaurus talenkauen tietasaura trinisaura weewarrasaurus rhabdodontomorpha ampelognathus emiliasaura foskeia fostoria muttaburrasaurus obelignathus tenontosauridae convolosaurus iani tenontosaurus rhabdodontidae matheronodon mochlodon pareisactus rhabdodon transylvanosaurus zalmoxes dryomorpha draconyx hesperonyx owenodon dryosauridae dryosaurus dysalotosaurus elrhazosaurus eousdryosaurus iyuku kangnasaurus valdosaurus ankylopollexia barilium bayannurosaurus calvarius camptosaurus cedrorestes cumnoria dakotadon emiliasaura fukuisaurus hippodraco iguanacolossus istiorachis lanzhousaurus lurdusaurus magnamanus napaisaurus oblitosaurus osmakasaurus planicoxa proa ratchasimasaurus riabininohadros theiophytalia uteodon hadrosauriformes bolong hypselospinus jinzhousaurus mantellisaurus morelladon ouranosaurus iguanodontidae barilium comptonatus iguanodon mantellisaurus hadrosauroidea see below hadrosauroidea hadrosauroidea altirhinus bactrosaurus batyrosaurus brighstoneus cariocecus choyrodon claosaurus comptonatus datonglong eolambia equijubus fylax gilmoreosaurus gobihadros gongpoquansaurus gonkoken haolong huehuecanauhtlus hypsibema jeyawati jintasaurus koshisaurus levnesovia lophorhothon nanningosaurus nanyangosaurus penelopognathus plesiohadros ...
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