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ng sparc a risc processor architecture of its own design in its computer systems starting with the sun 4 line sparc was initially a 32 bit architecture sparc v7 until the introduction of the sparc v9 architecture in 1995 which added 64 bit extensions sun developed several generations of sparc based computer systems including the sparcstation ultra and sun blade series of workstations and the sparcserver netra enterprise and sun fire line of servers in the early 1990s the company began to extend its product line to include large scale symmetric multiprocessing servers starting with the four processor sparcserver 600mp this was followed by the 8 processor sparcserver 1000 and 20 processor sparccenter 2000 which were based on work done in conjunction with xerox parc in 1995 the company introduced sun ultra series machines that were equipped with the first 64 bit implementation of sparc processors ultrasparc in the late 1990s the transformation of product line in favor of large 64 bit smp systems was accelerated by the acquisition of cray business systems division from silicon graphics 32 their 32 bit 64 processor cray superserver 6400 related to the sparccenter led to the 64 bit sun enterprise 10000 high end server otherwise known as starfire or e10k in september 2004 sun made available systems with ultrasparc iv 70 which was the first multi core sparc processor it was followed by ultrasparc iv in september 2005 71 and its revisions with higher clock speeds in 2007 72 these cpus were used in the most powerful enterprise class high end cc numa servers developed by sun such as the sun fire e15k and the sun fire e25k in november 2005 sun launched the ultrasparc t1 notable for its ability to concurrently run 32 threads of execution on 8 processor cores its intent was to drive more efficient use of cpu resources which is of particular importance in data centers where there is an increasing need to reduce power and air conditioning demands much of which comes from the heat generated by cpus the t1 was followed in 2007 by the ultrasparc t2 which extended the number of threads per core from 4 to 8 sun has open sourced the design specifications of both the t1 and t2 processors via the opensparc project in 2006 sun ventured into the blade server high density rack mounted systems market with the sun blade distinct from the sun blade workstation in april 2007 sun released the sparc enterprise server products jointly designed by sun and fujitsu and based on fujitsu sparc64 vi and later processors the m class sparc enterprise systems include high end reliability and availability features later t series servers have also been badged sparc enterprise rather than sun fire in april 2008 sun released servers with ultrasparc t2 plus which is an smp capable version of ultrasparc t2 available in 2 or 4 processor configurations it was the first coolthreads cpu with multi processor capability and it made possible to build standard rack mounted servers that could simultaneously process up to massive 256 cpu threads in hardware sun sparc enterprise t5440 73 74 which is considered a record in the industry since 2010 all further development of sun machines based on sparc architecture including new sparc t series servers sparc t3 and t4 chips is done as a part of oracle corporation hardware division x86 based systems edit in the late 1980s sun also marketed an intel 80386 based machine the sun386i this was designed to be a hybrid system running sunos but at the same time supporting dos applications this only remained on the market for a brief time a follow up 486i upgrade was announced but only a few prototype units were ever manufactured 75 sun s brief first foray into x86 systems ended in the early 1990s as it decided to concentrate on sparc and retire the last motorola systems and 386i products a move dubbed by mcnealy as all the wood behind one arrowhead even so sun kept its hand in the x86 world as a release of solaris for pc compatibles began shipping in 1993 in 1997 sun acquired diba inc followed later by the acquisition of cobalt networks in 2000 with the aim of building network appliances single function computers meant for consumers sun also marketed a network computer a term popularized and eventually trademarked by oracle the javastation was a diskless system designed to run java applications although none of these business initiatives were particularly successful the cobalt purchase gave sun a toehold for its return to the x86 hardware market in 2002 sun introduced its first general purpose x86 system the lx50 based in part on previous cobalt system expertise this was also sun s first system announced to support linux as well as solaris in 2003 sun announced a strategic alliance with amd to produce x86 x64 servers based on amd s opteron processor this was followed shortly by sun s acquisition of kealia a startup founded by original sun founder andy bechtolsheim which had been focusing on high performance amd based servers the following year sun launched the opteron based sun fire v20z and v40z servers and the java workstation w1100z and w2100z workstations on september 12 2005 sun unveiled a new range of opteron based servers the sun fire x2100 x4100 and x4200 servers 76 these were designed from scratch by a team led by bechtolsheim to address heat and power consumption issues commonly faced in data centers in july 2006 the sun fire x4500 and x4600 systems were introduced extending a line of x64 systems that support not only solaris but also linux and microsoft windows on january 22 2007 sun announced a broad strategic alliance with intel 77 intel endorsed solaris as a mainstream operating system and as its mission critical unix for its xeon processor based systems and contributed engineering resources to opensolaris 78 sun began using the intel xeon processor in its x64 server line starting with the sun blade x6250 server module introduced in june 2007 on may 5 2008 amd announced its operating system research center osrc expanded its focus to include optimization to sun s opensolaris and xvm virtualization products for amd based processors 79 software edit although sun was initially known as a hardware company its software history began with its founding in 1982 co founder bill joy was one of the leading unix developers of the time having contributed the vi editor the c shell and significant work developing tcp ip and the bsd unix os sun later developed software such as the java programming language and acquired software such as staroffice virtualbox and mysql sun used community based and open source licensing of its major technologies and for its support of its products with other open source technologies gnome based desktop software called java desktop system originally code named madhatter was distributed for the solaris operating system and at one point for linux sun supported its java enterprise system a middleware stack on linux it released the source code for solaris under the open source common development and distribution license via the opensolaris community sun s positioning includes a commitment to indemnify users of some software from intellectual property disputes concerning that software it offers support services on a variety of pricing bases including per employee and per socket a 2006 report prepared for the eu by unu merit stated that sun was the largest corporate contributor to open source movements in the world 80 according to this report sun s open source contributions exceed the combined total of the next five largest commercial contributors operating systems edit main article solaris operating system sun is best known for its unix systems which have a reputation for system stability and a consistent design philosophy citation needed sun s first workstation shipped with unisoft v7 unix later in 1982 sun began providing sunos a customized 4 2bsd unix as the operating system for its workstations 81 in the late 1980s at t tapped sun to help them develop the next release of their branded unix and in 1988 announced they would purchase up to a 20 stake in sun 82 unix system v release 4 svr4 was jointly developed by at t and sun 83 sun used svr4 as the foundation for solaris 2 x which became the successor to sunos 4 1 x later retroactively named solaris 1 x by the mid 1990s the ensuing unix wars had largely subsided at t had sold off their unix interests and the relationship between the two companies was significantly reduced from 1992 sun also sold interactive unix an operating system it acquired when it bought interactive systems corporation from eastman kodak company this was a popular unix variant for the pc platform and a major competitor to market leader sco unix sun s focus on interactive unix diminished in favor of solaris on both sparc and x86 systems it was dropped as a product in 2001 citation needed sun dropped the solaris 2 x version numbering scheme after the solaris 2 6 release 1997 the following version was branded solaris 7 this was the first 64 bit release intended for the new ultrasparc cpus based on the sparc v9 architecture within the next four years the successors solaris 8 and solaris 9 were released in 2000 and 2002 respectively following several years of difficult competition and loss of server market share to competitors linux based systems sun began to include linux as part of its strategy in 2002 sun supported both red hat enterprise linux and suse linux enterprise server on its x64 systems companies such as canonical ltd wind river systems and montavista also supported their versions of linux on sun s sparc based systems in 2004 after having cultivated a reputation as one of microsoft s most vocal antagonists sun entered into a joint relationship with them resolving various legal entanglements between the two companies and receiving us 1 95 billion in settlement payments from them 84 sun supported microsoft windows on its x64 systems and announced other collaborative agreements with microsoft including plans to support each other s virtualization environments 85 in 2005 the company released solaris 10 the new version included a large number of enhancements to the operating system as well as very novel features previously unseen in the industry solaris 10 update releases continued through the next 8 years the last release from sun microsystems being solaris 10 10 09 the following updates were released by oracle under the new license agreement the final release is solaris 10 1 13 86 previously sun offered a separate variant of solaris called trusted solaris which included augmented security features such as multilevel security and a least privilege access model solaris 10 included many of the same capabilities as trusted solaris at the time of its initial release solaris 10 11 06 included solaris trusted extensions which give it the remaining capabilities needed to make it the functional successor to trusted solaris after releasing solaris 10 its source code was opened under cddl free software license and developed in open with contributing opensolaris community through sxce that used svr4 pkg packaging and supported opensolaris releases that used ips following acquisition of sun by oracle opensolaris continued to develop in open under illumos with illumos distributions oracle corporation continued to develop opensolaris into next solaris release changing back the license to proprietary and released it as oracle solaris 11 in november 2011 java platform edit main article java platform the java platform was developed at sun by james gosling in the early 1990s with the objective of allowing programs to function regardless of the device they were used on sparking the slogan write once run anywhere wora while this objective was not entirely achieved prompting the riposte write once debug everywhere java is regarded as being largely hardware and operating system independent java was initially promoted as a platform for client side applets running inside web browsers early examples of java applications were the hotjava web browser and the hotjava views suite however since then java has been more successful on the server side of the internet the platform consists of three major parts the java programming language the java virtual machine jvm and several java application programming interfaces apis the design of the java platform is controlled by the vendor and user community through the java community process jcp java is an object oriented programming language since its introduction in late 1995 it became one of the world s most popular programming languages 87 java programs are compiled to byte code which can be executed by any jvm regardless of the environment the java apis provide an extensive set of library routines these apis evolved into the standard edition java se which provides basic infrastructure and gui functionality the enterprise edition java ee aimed at large software companies implementing enterprise class application servers and the micro edition java me used to build software for devices with limited resources such as mobile devices on november 13 2006 sun announced it would be licensing its java implementation under the gnu general public license it released its java compiler and jvm at that time 88 in february 2009 sun entered a battle with microsoft and adobe systems which promoted rival platforms to build software applications for the internet 89 javafx was a development platform for music video and other applications that builds on the java programming language 89 office suite edit in 1999 sun acquired the german software company star division and with it the office suite staroffice which sun later released as openoffice org under both gnu lgpl and the sissl sun industry standards source license openoffice org supported microsoft office file formats though not perfectly was available on many platforms primarily linux microsoft windows mac os x and solaris and was used in the open source community the principal differences between staroffice and openoffice org were that staroffice was supported by sun was available as either a single user retail box kit or as per user blocks of licensing for the enterprise and included a wider range of fonts and document templates and a commercial quality spellchecker 90 staroffice also contained commercially licensed functions and add ons in openoffice org these were either replaced by open source or free variants or are not present at all both packages had native support for the opendocument format derivatives of openoffice org continue to be developed these are libreoffice collabora online apache openoffice and neooffice virtualization and datacenter automation software edit virtualbox purchased by sun in 2007 sun announced the sun xvm virtualization and datacenter automation product suite for commodity hardware sun also acquired virtualbox in 2008 earlier virtualization technologies from sun like dynamic system domains and dynamic rec...
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