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0 km 2 was officially declared the gympie goldfield in 1868 173 in 1868 the mining shanty town which had quickly grown with tents many small stores and liquor outlets and was known as nashville was also renamed gympie after the gympie creek named from the aboriginal name for a local stinging tree within months there were 25 000 people on the goldfield this was the first large gold rush after canoona in 1858 and gympie became the town that saved queensland from bankruptcy 197 the kilkivan goldfield n w of gympie was also discovered in 1867 with the rush to that area beginning in that same year and as was commonly the case before the goldfield was officially declared in july 1868 173 townsville was opened up in 1868 the gilbert river goldfield 110 km from georgetown in 1869 33 and etheridge georgetown in 1870 198 1868 gawler region south australia gold found about 10 km south east of gawler in south australia in 1868 gold was found by job harris and his partners in spike valley near the south para river this was unsold crown land and was proclaimed an official goldfield with a warden appointed on the second day there were 40 gold seekers 1 000 within a week and within a month 4 000 licensed and 1 000 unlicensed diggers three towns were established nearby with about 6 000 people at their peak 39 alluvial gold was easily recovered when the gold was in high concentration as the alluvial was worked out companies were formed to extract the gold from the ore with crushers and a mercury process by 1870 only 50 people remained although one of the three towns barossa lasted until the 1950s south of the barossa goldfield the lady alice mine in hamlin gully discovered in 1871 by james goddard was the first south australian gold mine to pay a dividend 39 1870 1893 teetulpa and other finds in south australia as settlers took up land north of adelaide so more goldfields were discovered in south australia ulooloo in 1870 waukaringa in 1873 teetulpa in 1886 wadnaminga in 1888 and tarcoola in 1893 39 teetulpa 11 km 6 8 mi north of yunta was a rich goldfield where more gold was found than anywhere else in south australia at that time teetulpa had the largest number of diggers of any field at any time in the history of south australian gold discoveries by the end of 1886 two months into the rush there were more than five thousand men on the field a reporter noted all sorts of people are going from lawyers to larrikins yesterday s train from adelaide brought a contingent of over 150 many arrived in open trucks local ironmongers and drapers were busy fitting out intending diggers with tents picks shovels rugs moleskins etc good mining at teetulpa lasted about ten years for a time it had a bank shops hotel hospital church and a newspaper the largest nugget found weighed 30 oz 850 g 39 199 1871 1904 charters towers palmer river and other finds in queensland see also palmer river palmer river goldfields a significant queensland goldfield was discovered at charters towers on 24 december 1871 by a young 12 year old aboriginal stockman jupiter mosman and soon moved attention to this area 200 201 202 the gold rush which followed has been argued to be the most important in queensland s gold mining history 203 this was a reef mining area with only a small amount of alluvial gold 204 and as a result received negative reviews from miners who wanted easier pickings 205 nevertheless thousands of men rushed to the field and a public battery was set up to crush the quartz ore in 1872 the town of charters towers grew to become the second largest town in queensland during the late 1880s with a population of about 30 000 200 206 in 1872 33 gold was discovered by james mulligan on the palmer river inland from cooktown 207 this turned out to contain queensland s richest alluvial deposits 203 after the rush began in 1873 over 20 000 people made their way to the remote goldfield this was one of the largest rushes experienced in queensland the rush lasted approximately 3 years and attracted a large number of chinese in 1877 over 18 000 of the residents were chinese miners 208 port douglas dates from 1873 and the hodgkinson river west of cairns from 1875 33 the celebrated mount morgan was first worked in 1882 croydon in 1886 the starcke river goldfield near the coast 70 km 43 mi north of cooktown in 1890 coen in 1900 and alice river in 1904 33 1871 1909 pine creek and other finds in the northern territory darwin felt the effects of a gold rush at pine creek after employees of the australian overland telegraph line found gold while digging holes for telegraph poles in 1871 209 there are numerous deposits of the precious metal at various localities in the northern territory the total yield in 1908 being 8 575 ounces 243 1 kg valued at 27 512 equivalent to a 8 400 000 in 2022 of which 1 021 ounces 28 9 kg were obtained at the driffield in june 1909 a rich find of gold was reported from tanami steps are being taken to open up this field by sinking wells to provide permanent water of which there is a great scarcity in the district a large number of chinese are engaged in mining in the territory in 1908 out of a total of 824 miners employed the chinese numbered 674 33 1880 mt mcdonald new south wales donald mcdonald and his party discovered two gold rich quartz reefs at mount mcdonald as they were prospecting the mountain ranges around wyangala this find resulted in the establishment of the township of mt mcdonald by the early 1900s mining declined and the town slowly faded away 155 210 1885 halls creek in the kimberley western australia in 1872 the western australian government offered a reward of 5 000 equivalent to a 1 710 000 in 2022 for the discovery of the colony s first payable goldfield 52 53 ten years later in 1882 small finds of gold were being made in the kimberley region of western australia prompting in 1883 the appointment of a government geologist in 1884 edward hardman government geologist published a report that he had found traces of gold throughout the east kimberley especially in the area around the present day town of halls creek 52 53 on 14 july 1885 having been prompted by hardman s report charles hall and jack slattery 211 found payable gold at what they called halls creek in the kimberleys western australia after working for a few weeks hall returned to derby with 6 2 kg 200 ozt of gold and reported his find 211 once this discovery became known it prompted the kimberley rush the first gold rush in western australia 212 213 it is estimated that as many as 10 000 men joined the rush on 19 may 1886 the kimberley goldfield was officially declared thousands of men made their way to the kimberley from other parts of wa the eastern colonies and new zealand most arrived by ship in derby or wyndham and then walked to halls creek others came overland from the northern territory most had no previous experience in gold prospecting or of life in the bush illness and disease were rife and when the first warden c d price arrived on 3 september 1886 he found that great numbers were stricken down in a dying condition helpless destitute of money food or covering and without mates or friends simply lying down to die a few were lucky enough to locate rich alluvial or reef gold but most had little or no success 53 in the early days of the gold rush no records or statistics were recorded for either the arrivals or deaths also no one knows how many died trying to get to halls creek across the waterless desert or how many simply turned back when men actually arrived at halls creek dysentery scurvy sunstroke and thirst continued to take its toll the government applied a gold tax of two shillings and sixpence an ounce it was a very unpopular levy as gold proved so hard to get the diggers avoided registering and the government had a great deal of trouble collecting the tax or statistics of any kind 211 when c d price arrived in september 1886 he reported that about 2 000 remained at the diggings by the end of 1886 the rush had ceased when in may 1888 the government considered claims for the reward for discovery of the first payable goldfield it was decided that the kimberley goldfield which had proven disappointing was insufficient to meet the stipulated conditions of a yield of at least 10 000 troy ounces 310 kg of gold in a 2 year period passing through customs or shipped to england so no reward was paid out 214 it is estimated that as much as 23 000 troy ounces 720 kg of gold was taken from the fields around halls creek but with much leaving the field through the northern territory 211 hardman s contribution was recognised however with a gift of 500 equivalent to a 80 000 in 2022 to his widow louisa hardman another 500 was given to charles hall and his party 52 53 1887 1891 southern cross the pilbara and other finds in western australia 1887 the yilgarn and 1888 southern cross 1887 saw the first discovery of gold in what was to be the huge eastern goldfields region gold bearing quartz was found near lake deborah in the yilgarn hills north of what was to become the town of southern cross in october 1887 by the party of harry francis anstey 215 anstey and his party were prospecting in the area after having heard that a farmer had found a gold nugget in the yilgarn while sinking a bore others in his party were dick greaves and ted paine with ted paine being the first to see the gold as a result of this find anstey and one of his backers george leake the then solicitor general and future premier of western australia 216 were in november 1887 granted a 24 000 ha 60 000 acres mining concession for prospecting purposes 217 218 on 30 december 1887 after hearing directly from anstey of the success of his party bernard norbert colreavy also discovered a gold bearing quartz reef in the golden valley in the yilgarn hills and on 12 january 1888 colreavy s fellow party member h huggins discovered another gold bearing quartz reef they soon found and secured another seven more gold bearing quartz reefs 219 220 221 in may 1888 michael toomey and samuel faulkner were the first to discover gold bearing quartz at the site of what became the town of southern cross on the yilgarn goldfield about 50 km 31 mi south east of the golden valley party leader thomas riseley subsequently crushed and panned the samples that had been taken which confirmed that they had found gold and riseley and toomey then proceeding to peg out their claim on behalf of the phoenix prospecting company 222 223 224 on the news of anstey s find the yilgarn rush had begun in late 1887 217 the excitement of the gold rush intensified in early 1888 with the news of the discovery of golden valley named for the golden wattle that grows there by colreavy and huggins and further intensified just a few months later with the news of the discovery of riseley toomey and faulkner but the goldfield was not officially proclaimed until 1 october 1888 in 1892 the government awarded anstey 500 equivalent to a 162 000 in 2022 and colreavy and huggins 250 equivalent to a 81 000 in 2022 each for the discovery of the yilgarn goldfields 225 the yilgarn rush died out when news arrived of the rich discovery of gold to the east at coolgardie in september 1892 1888 the pilbara the pilbara goldfield was officially declared on the same day as the yilgarn goldfield 1 october 1888 the government had offered 1 000 equivalent to a 321 000 in 2022 reward for the first person to find payable gold in the pilbara this was shared by three men explorers francis gregory and n w cook and pastoralist john withnell gregory also discovered gold in a region known as nullagine proper in june 1888 and harry wells found gold in marble bar as a result the pilbara goldfield which covered an area of 34 880 square miles 90 300 km 2 was divided into two districts nullagine and marble bar to support the pilbara rush the government developed a railway line between marble bar and port hedland in 1891 alluvial gold production started to decline in 1895 after which mining companies commenced deep shaft mining 226 1891 cue gold was found at cue in 1891 by michael fitzgerald edward heffernan and tom cue 33 this became known as the murchison rush 227 1892 1899 coolgardie kalgoorlie and other finds in western australia 1892 coolgardie in september 1892 gold was found at fly flat coolgardie by arthur wesley bayley and william ford who next to a quartz reef obtaining 17 2 kilograms 554 ozt of gold in one afternoon with the aid of a tomahawk on 17 september 1892 wesley rode the 185 km 115 mi with this gold into southern cross to register their reward claim for a new find of gold within hours had started what was at first called the gnarlbine rush overnight the miners who were flocked on the southern cross diggings moved to the more lucrative coolgardie goldfield 33 228 the reward claim for bayley s party for discovering the new goldfield was to be granted a 30 m 100 ft deep claim along the line of reef 229 230 this claim was said to cover an area of five acres 2 0 hectares 231 on 24 august 1893 less than a year after arthur bayley and william ford s discovery of gold at fly flat coolgardie was declared a town site with an estimated population of 4 000 with many more mining out in the field 232 the coolgardie gold rush was the beginning of what has been described as the greatest gold rush in west australian history 233 it has also been described as the greatest movement of people in australia s history 234 but this is an exaggeration the greatest movement of people in australia s history was in the period 1851 to 1861 during the gold rushes to the eastern states when the recorded population of australia rose by 730 484 from 437 665 in 1851 to 1 168 149 in 1861 33 as against an increase of 20 of this amount for western australia in the period 1891 to 1901 a 137 834 increase of recorded population for western australia from 46 290 in 1891 to 184 124 in 1901 232 1893 kalgoorlie on 17 june 1893 alluvial gold was found near mount charlotte less than 25 miles 40 km from coolgardie at what became the town of hannan kalgoorlie the announcement of this find by paddy hannan only intensified the excitement of the coolgardie gold rush and led to the establishment in western australia s eastern goldfields of the twin towns of kalgoorlie boulder 235 236 prior to moving to western australia in 1889 to prospect for gold hannan had prospected at ballarat in victoria in the 1860s otago in new zealand in the 1870s and at teetulpa north of yunta in south australia in 1886 39 the first to find gold at kalgoorlie were paddy hannan and his fellow irishmen thomas flanagan and daniel shea in the morning flanagan was fetching the horses when he spotted gold on the ground as others were camping nearby he kicked a bush over it took careful note of his bearings and hastened back to tell hannan and dan shea another irishman who had joined them they tarried there until the others had gone then recovered flana...
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