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baghdad
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the 2021 pulitzer prize winner in special citations and awards was awarded to darnella frazier who recorded the murder of george floyd on her phone 47 citizen journalism in a worldwide context edit india edit i don t believe in citizen journalists i say give me citizen doctors and citizen lawyers and i ll give you citizen journalists shekhar gupta 48 india has a broad media landscape expanding at double digit growth rates 49 in comparison to the west issues surrounding human rights violations violence against women and everyday witness accounts 50 49 most notably images shared on twitter during the 2008 mumbai attacks is an example of citizen journalism in india 49 iraq edit in 2004 daylight magazine sent a box of disposable cameras to be distributed to civilians living in baghdad and fallujah these were published in may 2004 along with the work of seminal documentarians such as susan meiselas roger hutchings etc in june 2004 fred ritchen and pixel press teamed up with daylight to create a touring exhibition of the images and captions which went to various institutions around the united states including the council on foreign relations the center for photography woodstock new york university union college michigan university and central michigan university before being donated to the archive of documentary art 51 at duke university citation needed united kingdom edit citizen journalism provides a platform for individuals to be considered and acknowledged on a global scale the circulation of information and news does not fully divulge the accurate perceptions of what is going on in the world for instance on our radar contains reporting mechanisms and trained residents that reveal their voices while questioning the reluctance journalism has when considering what voices are heard and are not based in london on our radar has undertaken in making the voices in sierra leone heard in regards to ebola revealing that it contained easy access to vital sources of information and opened more opportunities for questions and reports 52 depending on the country one resides in as societies evolve grow and depend more on online media outlets there is an increase of informed individuals especially with topics regarding politics and government news through such evolution citizen journalism has the capability to reach an audience that has not had the privilege of receiving higher education and still remain informed about what is surrounding them and their respective country 53 as demonstrated in light of demanding and distorted information given to the mass public and cleared by strong demonstrations of the capabilities of citizen journalism citizen journalism is a platform that provides a solution to the mistrust the public has towards the government as discrepancies arise from governmental statements and actions in 2020 a network of local citizen journalist publications the bylines network was founded and has since spread to include 10 regional branches and a podcast 54 united states edit citizen journalism can even be found in the united states here we can find them at the frontlines at places such as protests in a blog from syracuse university they mention 55 from gun violence to mass deportations to sexual misconduct accusations leveled at powerful men there is no shortage of reasons for the polarized american electorate to take to the streets in protest because social media has changed the role of the traditional news reporter these types of events now allow for citizen journalists to keep the public informed the blog reports that 55 at the same time the rise of social media has irrevocably changed the roles of news reporters and has also enabled citizen journalists who take risks to document highly contentious environments in order to keep the public informed citizen journalists have an important duty in today s world china edit citizen journalism has created much change and influence within chinese media and society in which its online activity is very much controlled the interconnection built from citizen journalism and mainstream journalism in china has allotted politically and socially charged information to be distributed to promote progressive changes and serves as national sentiments in doing so the mass public of china has the opportunities to move around the controlled and monitored online presence and the information it contains 56 citizen journalists face many repercussions when unpackaging the truth and reach domestic and global audiences most if not all of these repercussions result from government officials and law enforcement from the journalists respective countries citizen journalists are needed and depended on by the mass public but are viewed as an imminent threat to their governments the public has had the resources to pursue this level of journalism from their surroundings and based on real life perspectives that lack censorship and influence from a higher entity the various forms citizen journalism is formed has outdated many news and media sources as result of the authentic approach citizen journalists carry out 57 during the 2019 20 hong kong protests fraudulent pictures encouraging people to pose as reporters and abuse freedom of press regulations to obstruct the police were widely circulated on social media with the aim to discredit citizen journalists 58 in the context of china and the national pandemic rooted from the coronavirus many voices were censored and limited when it came to citizen journalists this occurred in the process of visually and vocally documenting the social climate of china in regards to the coronavirus for instance a chinese citizen journalist posted videos of wuhan china as the outbreak had been spreading globally as a result the journalist was stopped and detained by the police and was not released for two months in sharing their experience being detained after being released the tone it was expressed in was marketed this citizen journalist experience is one amongst more of who were similarly detained and censored 59 iran edit in 2023 after mahsa amini protests government criminalized iranians filming police 60 in 2026 iranian regime the ministry of intelligence of the islamic republic has issued a new directive publishing a blacklist of what it designates as hostile 61 criticisms edit the examples and perspectives in this section deal primarily with the united states and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject you may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate october 2024 learn how and when to remove this message objectivity edit citizen journalists also may be activists within the communities they write about this has drawn some criticism from traditional media institutions such as the new york times which have accused proponents of public journalism of abandoning the traditional goal of objectivity researchers have also criticized this practice as not having access to real time fact checking 62 many traditional journalists view citizen journalism with some skepticism believing that only trained journalists can understand the exactitude and ethics involved in reporting news see e g nicholas lemann vincent maher and tom grubisich an academic paper by vincent maher the head of the new media lab at rhodes university outlined several weaknesses in the claims made by citizen journalists in terms of the three deadly e s referring to ethics economics and epistemology 63 an analysis by language and linguistics professor patricia bou franch found that some citizen journalists resorted to abuse sustaining discourses naturalizing violence against women she found that these discourses were then challenged by others who questioned the gendered ideologies of male violence against women 64 quality edit an article in 2005 by tom grubisich reviewed ten new citizen journalism sites and found many of them lacking in quality and content 65 grubisich followed up a year later with potemkin village redux 66 he found that the best sites had improved editorially and were even nearing profitability but only by not expensing editorial costs also according to the article the sites with the weakest editorial content were able to expand aggressively because they had stronger financial resources another article published on pressthink examined backfence a citizen journalism site with three initial locations in the d c area which reveals that the site has only attracted limited citizen contributions 67 the author concludes that in fact clicking through backfence s pages feels like frontier land remote often lonely zoned for people but not home to any the site recently launched for arlington virginia however without more settlers backfence may wind up creating more ghost towns david simon a former reporter for the baltimore sun and writer producer of the television series the wire criticized the concept of citizen journalism claiming that unpaid bloggers who write as a hobby cannot replace trained professional seasoned journalists i am offended to think that anyone anywhere believes american institutions as insulated self preserving and self justifying as police departments school systems legislatures and chief executives can be held to gathered facts by amateurs pursuing the task without compensation training or for that matter sufficient standing to make public officials even care to whom it is they are lying an editorial published by the digital journalist web magazine expressed a similar position advocating to abolish the term citizen journalist and replace it with citizen news gatherer professional journalists cover fires floods crime the legislature and the white house every day there is either a fire line or police line or security or the secret service who allow them to pass upon displaying credentials vetted by the departments or agencies concerned a citizen journalist an amateur will always be on the outside of those lines imagine the white house throwing open its gates to admit everybody with a camera phone to a presidential event 68 while the fact that citizen journalists can report in real time and are not subject to oversight opens them to criticism about the accuracy of their reporting news stories presented by mainstream media also misreport facts occasionally that are reported correctly by citizen journalists as low as 32 of the american population have a fair amount of trust in the media 69 effects on traditional journalism edit this article may require cleanup to meet wikipedia s quality standards the specific problem is poorly worded lacking citations please help improve this article if you can october 2023 learn how and when to remove this message journalism has been affected significantly due to citizen journalism this is because citizen journalism allows people to post as much content as they want whenever they want in order to stay competitive traditional news sources are forcing their journalists to compete this means that journalists now have to write edit and add pictures into their content and they must do so at a rapid pace as it is perceived by news companies that it s essential for journalists to produce content at the same rate that citizens can post content on the internet this is hard though as many news companies are facing budget cuts and cannot afford to pay journalists the proper amount for the amount of work they do despite the uncertainties of a job in journalism and rising tuition costs there has been a 35 increase in journalism majors throughout the past few years according to astra taylor in her book the people s platform legal repercussions edit edward greenberg a new york city litigator 70 notes higher vulnerability of unprofessional journalists in court compared to the professional ones so called shield laws which protect reporters from revealing sources vary from state to state on occasion the protection is dependent on whether the person who asserted the claim is in fact a journalist there are many cases at both the state and federal levels where judges determine just who is is not a journalist cases involving libel often hinge on whether the actor was or was not a member of the press 68 the view stated above does not mean that professional journalists are fully protected by shield laws in the 1972 branzburg v hayes case the supreme court of the united states invalidated the use of the first amendment as a defense for reporters summoned to testify before a grand jury in 2005 the reporter s privilege of judith miller and matthew cooper was rejected by the appellate court possible future edit person using a smartphone to take photographs citizen journalism increased during the last decade of the twentieth century and into the twenty first century associated with the creation of the internet which introduced new ways in communicating and engaging news in 2004 leonard witt wrote in the national civic review the voices of a range of citizens are being heard loud and clear on the internet mostly through weblogs due to this shift in technology individuals were able to access more news than previously and at a much faster rate this larger quantity also made it so there was a larger variety of sources which people were able to consume media and news 3 citizen journalism has proven itself to be an effective form of current event coverage and can possibly signify a shift in modern media citizen journalism has been expanding in different varieties of modern media which include international news more democratic journalism mainstream media and the importance for mass media outlets citizen journalism is now one of the main contributors of mainstream news and consistently feeding in information that even traditional journalist can t grasp their hands on this could eventually lead to citizen journalism to become one of the main sources for news everywhere as the internet and constant information being provided by citizen journalist are key factors contributing to citizen journalism increasing 71 natalie fenton discusses the role of citizen journalism within the digital age and has three characteristics associated with the topic speed and space multiplicity and poly centrality and interactivity and participation 72 current instances of citizen journalism edit citizen journalism has become a recent topic of discussion regarding its efficacy in documenting the downfall of popular cryptocurrency exchange ftx and its founder sam bankman fried 73 this recent instance of popular media relying on citizen journalism marks the ever expanding development of the pseudo reporting strategy there is a measurable decrease in interest in traditional news sources as more become disinterested by apparent bias and political influence utilizing popular video sharing platforms such as youtube expanded the concept of citizen journalism this allowed individuals to upload and share content with a more global audience this platform beca...
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