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a rare recessive genetic disorder associated with abnormalities in the gene coding for mgp and characterized by abnormal diffuse cartilage calcification 83 these observations led to a theory that in humans inadequately carboxylated mgp due to low dietary intake of the vitamin could result in increased risk of arterial calcification and coronary heart disease 4 in meta analyses of population studies low intake of vitamin k was associated with inactive mgp arterial calcification 84 and arterial stiffness 85 86 lower dietary intakes of vitamin k 1 and vitamin k 2 were also associated with higher coronary heart disease 36 87 when blood concentration of circulating vitamin k 1 was assessed there was an increased risk in all cause mortality linked to low concentration 88 89 in contrast to these population studies a review of randomized trials using supplementation with either vitamin k 1 or vitamin k 2 reported no role in mitigating vascular calcification or reducing arterial stiffness the trials were too short to assess any impact on coronary heart disease or mortality 90 other edit population studies suggest that vitamin k status may have roles in inflammation brain function endocrine function and an anti cancer effect for all of these there is not sufficient evidence from intervention trials to draw any conclusions 4 from a review of observational trials long term use of vitamin k antagonists as anticoagulation therapy is associated with lower cancer incidence in general 91 there are conflicting reviews as to whether agonists reduce the risk of prostate cancer 92 93 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 fact sheet for health professionals vitamin k us national institutes of health office of dietary supplements 29 march 2021 retrieved 4 june 2025 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 vitamin k corvallis or micronutrient information center linus pauling institute oregon state university 2026 retrieved 4 june 2025 shearer mj okano t august 2018 key pathways and regulators of vitamin 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novel ion channel targeted peptides physi...
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