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each vm instance gets its primary internal ip address from this range you can also allocate alias ip ranges from that primary range or you can add a secondary range to the subnet and allocate alias ip ranges from the secondary range use of alias ip ranges does not require secondary subnet ranges these secondary subnet ranges merely provide an organizational tool alias ip ranges defined in a vm network interface using ip aliasing you can configure multiple internal ip addresses representing containers or applications hosted in a vm without having to define a separate network interface you can assign vm alias ip ranges from either the subnet s primary or secondary ranges configure alias ip ranges describes commands for setting up a subnet with secondary ranges and for assigning alias ip addresses to vms the following diagram provides a basic illustration of primary and secondary cidr ranges and vm alias ip ranges on the vm s primary interface primary and secondary cidr ranges and vm alias ip ranges click to enlarge a primary cidr range 10 1 0 0 16 is configured as part of a subnet a secondary cidr range 10 2 0 0 20 is configured as part of a subnet the vm primary ip 10 1 0 2 is allocated from the primary cidr range 10 1 0 0 16 while an alias ip range 10 2 1 0 24 is allocated in the vm from the secondary cidr range 10 2 0 0 20 the addresses in the alias ip range are used as the ip addresses of the containers hosted in the vm key benefits of alias ip ranges when alias ip ranges are configured google cloud automatically installs virtual private cloud vpc network routes for primary and alias ip ranges for the subnet of the primary network interface your container orchestrator does not need to specify vpc network connectivity for these routes this simplifies routing traffic and managing your containers you do need to perform in guest configuration as described in alias ip ranges key properties when container ip addresses are allocated by google cloud validation processes in google cloud ensure that container pod ip addresses do not conflict with vm ip addresses when alias ip addresses are configured anti spoofing checks are performed against traffic ensuring that traffic exiting vms uses vm ip addresses and pod ip addresses as source addresses the anti spoofing checks verify that vms do not send traffic with arbitrary source ip addresses use of static routes for container networking would be a less secure approach compared to ip aliasing because it would require anti spoofing checks to be disabled on container host vms anti spoofing checks are disabled when ip forwarding is enabled alias ip ranges are routable within the google cloud virtual network without requiring additional routes you do not have to add a route for every ip alias and you do not have to take route quotas into account alias ip addresses can be announced by cloud router to an on premises network connected via vpn or interconnect there are advantages to allocating alias ip ranges from a secondary cidr range by allocating from a range separate from the range used for primary ip addresses you can separate infrastructure vms from services containers when you configure separate address spaces for infrastructure and services you can set up firewall controls for vm alias ip addresses separately from the firewall controls for a vm s primary ip addresses for example you can allow certain traffic for container pods and deny similar traffic for the vm s primary ip address container architecture in google cloud consider a scenario in which you want to configure containerized services on top of google cloud you need to create the vms that will host the services and additionally the containers in this scenario you want to route traffic from and to the containers to and from on premises locations that are connected through a vpn however you don t want the primary vm ip addresses to be reachable through the vpn to create this configuration the container ip range needs to be routable through the vpn but not the vm primary ip range at vm creation time you also want to automatically assign a pool of ip addresses that are used for the container to create this configuration do the following when you create the subnet you configure one primary cidr range for example 10 128 0 0 16 one secondary cidr range for example 172 16 0 0 16 use an instance template to create vms and automatically assign each the following a primary ip from the 10 128 0 0 16 range an alias range 24 from the secondary cidr 172 16 0 0 16 space so that you can assign each container on a vm an ip from the 24 secondary cidr range create two firewall rules one rule that denies traffic traveling across the vpn from on premises from reaching the subnet primary cidr range one rule that allows traffic traveling across the vpn from on premises to reach the subnet secondary cidr range example configure containers with alias ip ranges using alias ip ranges container ip addresses can be allocated from a secondary cidr range and configured as alias ip addresses in the vm that is hosting the container configuring containers with alias ip addresses click to enlarge to create the configuration illustrated above create a subnet with a cidr range 10 128 0 0 16 from which vm ip addresses are allocated and a secondary cidr range 172 16 0 0 20 for the containers exclusive use which will be configured as alias ip ranges in the vm that is hosting them gcloud compute networks subnets create subnet a network network a range 10 128 0 0 16 secondary range container range 172 16 0 0 20 create vms with a primary ip from range 10 128 0 0 16 and an alias ip range 172 16 0 0 24 from the secondary cidr range 172 16 0 0 20 for the containers in that vm to use gcloud compute instances create vm1 network interface subnet subnet a aliases container range 172 16 0 0 24 gcloud compute instances create vm2 network interface subnet subnet a aliases container range 172 16 1 0 24 container ip addresses are configured in google cloud as alias ip addresses in this setup both primary and alias ips will be reachable through the vpn tunnel if cloud router is configured it will automatically advertise the secondary subnet range 172 16 0 0 20 for more information about the commands used to create this configuration see configure alias ip addresses and ranges example several alias ip ranges configured in a single vm instance alias ip ranges allow you to manage ip allocation for applications running within vms including with containers you may have a deployment in which some containers are migratable across vms and some are not the migratable containers can be configured using 32 ranges making it easy to migrate them individually the non migratable containers can be configured using a larger range since they will stay together in these type of deployments you might require more than one alias ip range per vm instance for example a 27 for non migratable containers and several 32s for migratable containers configuring vms with multiple alias ip ranges click to enlarge in order to configure this example use the following gcloud commands gcloud compute networks create vpc1 subnet mode custom gcloud compute networks subnets create subnet1 region us central1 network vpc1 range 10 128 0 0 16 secondary range secondaryrange1 172 16 0 0 20 gcloud compute instances create vm1 zone us central1 a network interface subnet subnet1 aliases secondaryrange1 172 16 0 0 27 secondaryrange1 172 16 1 0 32 gcloud compute instances create vm2 zone us central1 a network interface subnet subnet1 aliases secondaryrange1 172 16 0 32 27 secondaryrange1 172 16 1 1 32 alias ip addresses in auto mode vpc networks and subnets the automatically created subnets in auto mode vpc networks each have a primary cidr range but no secondary range to use alias ip with an auto mode vpc network you can allocate alias ip ranges from the automatically created subnet s primary cidr range or add a secondary range to the automatically created subnet and allocate alias ip ranges from the new secondary range alternatively you can create a new subnet with secondary ranges in the auto mode vpc network as long as none of its ranges overlap with 10 128 0 0 9 you can then create vm instances in the new subnet and allocate alias ip ranges from any range on that subnet if you want to add secondary ranges to your subnet see add secondary cidr ranges to an existing subnet alias ip addresses in custom mode networks and subnets in custom mode networks all of the subnets are created manually one primary cidr range is mandatory you can optionally create secondary cidr ranges alias ip ranges key properties the following properties apply to alias ip ranges configured in vms from the vm os perspective the primary ip address and the default gateway are typically allocated using dhcp alias ip addresses can be configured in the vm os which is typically linux or windows manually or by using scripts the primary ip address and the alias ip range of the interface must be allocated from cidr ranges configured as part of the same subnet note the following requirements the primary ip address must be allocated from the cidr primary range the alias ip range can be allocated either from the primary cidr range or from a secondary cidr range of that same subnet for a vm network interface the alias ip must be from the same subnet resource that provides the ip address for the primary network interface you can t select a primary or secondary cidr range from another subnet resource the primary ip address can be a static or ephemeral internal ip address alias ip ranges are optional and they are not automatically added an alias ip range can be configured during instance creation or modification an alias ip range can be configured as an explicit cidr range for example 10 128 1 0 24 a single ip address for example 10 128 7 29 32 or as a netmask 24 an alias ip range can be fully specified or auto allocated by specifying the netmask to use a single ip address in an alias ip range use the 32 netmask because all subnets in a vpc network share a single default gateway all alias ip addresses within an interface share the same default gateway as the primary ip address you can t reserve an internal ip address from a secondary subnet range you can reserve an internal ip address from a primary subnet range and use it as a 32 alias ip range alias ips within an interface share the same default gateway as the primary ip address click to enlarge dns with alias ip addresses google cloud automatically configures internal dns for the primary ip of the primary interface of every vm instance this associates the instance host name with the primary interface primary ip address however the dns lookup on that host name only works in the network that contains the primary interface google cloud does not automatically associate any other ip addresses with the host name google cloud does not associate alias ip addresses on the primary interface with the host name and it does not associate any ip addresses of secondary interfaces with the host name you can manually configure dns to associate other ip addresses firewalls all ingress or egress traffic including traffic for alias ip ranges is evaluated by a vpc firewall rule for a matching target tag or target service account for details about targets and alias ips see targets and ip addresses alias ip ranges are not included when you specify sources for an ingress firewall rule using source tags or source service accounts static routes when you create a static route that uses a next hop instance specified by an internal ipv4 address google cloud verifies that the next hop vm ip address fits within a subnet ipv4 range of a subnet in the route s vpc network however google cloud programs the route only if the next hop address is a primary internal ipv4 address assigned to a vm s network interface nic in the route s vpc network not a peered vpc network although you can create a route whose next hop address is an internal ipv4 address that fits within an alias ip range google cloud does not program that route google cloud considers the next hop to be down packets sent to the route s destination could be dropped depending on whether other routes for the exact same destination exist and whether those other routes have next hops that are running for more information see next hop instance internal ip address next hop address behavior when instances are stopped or deleted vpc network peering vpc network peering allows you to peer two vpc networks so that the vms in the two networks can communicate via internal private ip addresses both primary and secondary ip ranges of a subnet are reachable by vm instances in a peered network subnet overlap checks across peered networks ensure that primary and secondary ranges do not overlap with any peered ranges ip aliasing with network peering click to enlarge considerations for roce vpc networks when using alias ip addresses with mrdma vnics that are attached to roce vpc networks consider the following supported roce vpc network type support for alias ip ranges applies only to roce vpc networks for vm instances which are created by using the roce network profile alias ip ranges aren t supported in roce vpc networks for bare metal instances which are created by using the roce metal network profile connection limit in roce vpc networks a given roce vpc network has a system limit for the maximum number of connections see number of connections limit for roce vpc networks namespace considerations for rdma we recommend that you use ipvlan l2 mode for rdma connectivity the devices can be in either the root network namespace or the non root namespace such as pods or containers for an example see the following section example ipvlan l2 mode with namespace the following example demonstrates how to manually set up ipvlan l2 with a network namespace 1 create a network namespace named example_ns sudo ip netns add example_ns 2 create the ipvlan interface gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 linked to gpu0rdma0 in l2 mode l3 mode handles packets at the network layer no mac address or arp is used sudo ip link add gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 link gpu0rdma0 type ipvlan mode l2 3 move the gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 interface into example_ns sudo ip link set gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 netns example_ns 4 bring up the loopback interface inside the namespace for local process communication sudo ip netns exec example_ns ip link set lo up 5 assign the ip address to the custom interface using a 32 is common in l2 mode as it acts as a point to point endpoint sudo ip netns exec example_ns ip addr add 172 16 1 0 32 dev gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 6 set the interface state to up inside the namespace sudo ip netns exec example_ns ip link set gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 up 7 verification check the interface configuration inside the namespace sudo ip netns exec example_ns ip addr show gpu0rdma0_ipvlanl2 what s next learn how to configure alias ip addresses and 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