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ghanaian braille wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 akan twi braille 2 ga and dagaare braille 3 ewe braille 4 braille for togolese languages 5 references toggle the table of contents ghanaian braille 2 languages hausa ikinyarwanda edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia braille alphabets used in ghana several braille alphabets are used in ghana for english unified english braille has been adopted four other languages have been written in braille akan twi ga ewe and dagaare all three alphabets are based on the basic braille letter values of basic latin alphabet basic braille alphabet a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z the braille equivalents of print letters beyond these are described below english braille punctuation is used in both ghana and according to unesco 2013 togo braille is not in active use in ghana for any language but english however there are some older publications in these braille alphabets akan twi braille edit twi braille akan braille script type alphabet languages twi related scripts parent systems braille english braille twi braille akan has two extra vowel letters ɔ could be expected from international african norms ɛ is specific to ghana ɔ ɛ ga and dagaare braille edit ga braille dagaare braille script type alphabet languages ga dagaare related scripts parent systems braille english braille ga braille ga and dagaare add a third extra letter ŋ ɔ ɛ ŋ ewe braille edit ewe braille script type alphabet languages ewe related scripts parent systems braille english braille ewe braille ewe adds several additional consonants ɖ ƒ ɣ ʋ ɔ ɛ ŋ ɖ ƒ ɣ ʋ the ɖ and ɣ are the international african norm see also nigerian braille ƒ and ʋ are from the english th sounds the closest approximation in that language after f and v braille for togolese languages edit ewe is the primary language of togo and is evidently used in togo with the same braille assignments as in ghana unesco 2013 1990 reports several additional togolese alphabets it was unable to confirm but which were designed in conjunction with the ghanaian languages they evidently use the ghanaian ewe assignments bassar and konkomba are written in basic braille plus ewe ŋ ɔ kabiye has ɖ ɛ ɣ ɩ ŋ ɔ ʊ the letters ɩ and ʊ follows international norms and are equivalent to ị and ụ in igbo braille unesco reports u ʊ braille values are exchanged from the norm a likely copy error 1 the other letters are as in ewe moba has ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ with ɩ as in kabiye tem has ɖ ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ as in kabiye in addition unesco reports that various togolese languages have for nasal vowels for high tone for mid tone and for low tone all five of these languages are spoken in ghana as well as togo but unesco does not report on them being reduced to braille there references edit world braille usage third edition perkins international council on english braille unesco 2013 contrast p 100 igbo vs p 144 kabiyé pdf archived from the original pdf on 2021 04 15 retrieved 2020 01 25 unesco 2013 world braille usage 3rd edition v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ghanaian_braille oldid 1324915799 categories french ordered braille alphabets akan language hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata this page was last edited on 30 november 2025 at 05 58 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents ghanaian braille 2 languages add topic
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