Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
texas, 1836, of, retreat, texian, offensive, 1835, february, march, campaign, and, the, mexican, revolution, contents, background, october, december, regrouping, november, santa, anna, may, aftermath, legacy, see, also, notes, footnotes, references, further, reading, external, links, gonzales, gulf, coast, siege, béxar, consultation, matamoros, expedition, army, operations, alamo, goliad, convention, runaway, scrape, san, jacinto, surrender, military, republic, foreign, relations,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (1046), and (357), texas (242), #mexican (188), that (124), was (118), were (105), from (96), for (92), his (89), had (88), santa (84), texian (84), anna (82), army (82), hardin (73), with (72), 1994 (70), troops (67), texians (66), mexico (65), their (63), war (62), davis (62), 2006 (60), 1992 (59), states (56), men (56), lack (55), battle (51), would (51), soldiers (50), houston (49), march (48), revolution (47), republic (46), united (46), after (46), 1836 (44), alamo (44), san (42), béxar (41), they (39), 2004 (38), who (38), todish (37), not (35), government (33), 1835 (32), isbn (31), american (31), edit (31), this (30), all (30), which (30), many (29), urrea (29), independence (28), new (28), state (28), 2008 (28), goliad (28), moore (26), two (26), fort (24), volunteers (24), retreat (24), arrived (24), press (23), history (22), further (22), spring (22), 2000 (22), although (22), over (22), been (21), only (21), cos (21), under (20), edmondson (20), february (20), october (20), april (19), austin (19), first (19), also (19), but (19), 978 (19), several (19), matamoros (19), led (19), city (18), antonio (18), jacinto (18), one (18), 1998 (18), reid (18), 2007 (18), barr (18), most (18), other (17), territory (17), military (17), stuart (17), its (17), began (17), sent (17), including (17), fannin (17), delegates (17), retrieved (16), gonzales (16), smith (16), constitution (16), university (16), 1985 (16), 1990 (16), killed (16), against (16), about (15), wounded (15), river (15), spanish (15), slavery (15), general (15), continued (15), day (15), orders (15), 000 (15), between (15), than (15), next (15), supplies (15), reinforcements (15), john (14), land (14), william (14), james (14), historical (14), convention (14), into (14), have (14), december (14), any (14), days (14), group (14), force (14), wars (13), law (13), campaign (13), henderson (13), november (13), during (13), tejanos (13), those (13), there (13), fight (13), out (13), cavalry (13), captured (13), later (13), could (13), when (13), them (13), towards (13), settlers (13), council (13), 2015 (12), revolt (12), june (12), some (12), died (12), quickly (12), forces (12), may (11), rebellion (11), country (11), johnson (11), political (11), second (11), consultation (11), article (11), 300 (11), january (11), early (11), miles (11), bowie (11), governor (11), residents (11), took (11), more (11), almost (11), following (11), expedition (11), ordered (11), surrender (11), officers (11), small (11), along (11), civil (10), henry (10), trail (10), years (10), annexation (10), coahuila (10), main (10), vazquez (10), 200 (10), then (10), mission (10), area (10), while (10), remained (10), part (10), prisoners (10), soon (10), victory (10), take (10), english (9), grant (9), western (9), bill (9), congress (9), empire (9), winders (9), weber (9), 2014 (9), 1821 (9), plan (9), travis (9), approximately (9), did (9), through (9), within (9), made (9), leave (9), voted (9), authorities (9), citizens (9), forced (9), him (9), burnet (9), return (9), refused (9), filisola (9), south (9), colonel (9), advance (9), wikipedia (8), authority (8), west (8), long (8), town (8), people (8), north (8), president (8), french (8), centralist (8), josé (8), sam (8), 400 (8), declaration (8), 190 (8), defeat (8), own (8), now (8), convinced (8), left (8), months (8), treaty (8), known (8), behind (8), late (8), legislature (8), fighting (8), three (8), recognize (8), back (8), unable (8), throughout (8), where (8), leaving (8), large (8), camp (8), cannon (8), hours (8), guard (8), reached (8), few (8), local (8), coast (8), 1824 (8), toggle (7), grande (7), indian (7), tejano (7), gold (7), lost (7), road (7), juan (7), americans (7), women (7), same (7), time (7), nacogdoches (7), via (7), july (7), 1845 (7), 152 (7), veterans (7), almonte (7), graham (7), 100 (7), 162 (7), until (7), gave (7), both (7), returned (7), without (7), nueces (7), mid (7), still (7), official (7), themselves (7), determined (7), executed (7), leaders (7), federalist (7), food (7), ill (7), rest (7), believed (7), end (7), join (7), felipe (7), garrison (7), move (7), ward (7), command (7), castañeda (7), policy (6), conflicts (6), native (6), frontier (6), flag (6), little (6), rush (6), black (6), george (6), crockett (6), portal (6), arms (6), public (6), immigration (6), free (6), rights (6), foreign (6), rivers (6), conflict (6), decade (6), tejas (6), see (6), stephen (6), project (6), muse (6), 120 (6), southwestern (6), quarterly (6), help (6), series (6), 140 (6), association (6), manchaca (6), 2001 (6), will (6), 149 (6), 122 (6), recognized (6), shot (6), called (6), attack (6), commander (6), should (6), historian (6), are (6), gathered (6), likely (6), number (6), 1830 (6), anglos (6), rio (6), century (6), defenders (6), agreed (6), become (6), officially (6), nation (6), region (6), order (6), property (6), interim (6), granted (6), attacks (6), rusk (6), received (6), patricio (6), refugio (6), weeks (6), immediately (6), another (6), down (6), wrote (6), fell (6), morning (6), 500 (6), harrisburg (6), company (6), weapons (6), elected (6), presidio (6), surrendered (6), offensive (6), viesca (6), burleson (6), view (5), additional (5), you (5), page (5), august (5), articles (5), date (5), lake (5), california (5), range (5), massacre (5), paul (5), great (5), culture (5), jack (5), frank (5), joe (5), davy (5), world (5), water (5), relations (5), revolutionary (5), intervention (5), america (5), border (5), links (5), 2017 (5), 2021 (5), remember (5), bahía (5), college (5), station (5), 292 (5), 199 (5), 211 (5), 243 (5), 166 (5), 117 (5), monument (5), indians (5), joined (5), slave (5), before (5), sabine (5), around (5), whether (5), artillery (5), these (5), born (5), anglo (5), create (5), honor (5), percent (5), 700 (5), attempted (5), being (5), members (5), slaves (5), newly (5), much (5), became (5), according (5), chose (5), moved (5), word (5), given (5), escaped (5), brought (5), letter (5), bulk (5), well (5), infantry (5), fled (5), recruits (5), volunteer (5), hide (5), lead (5), departure (5), seguín (5), brazos (5), news (5), civilians (5), turned (5), defeated (5), prepared (5), concepción (5), instead (5), come (5), lópez (5), skirmish (5), siege (5), dimmitt (5), subsection (5), contents (4), search (4), non (4), last (4), control (4), washington (4), oklahoma (4), lincoln (4), red (4), timeline (4), county (4), earp (4), cities (4), tom (4), southern (4), others (4), buffalo (4), scouts (4), chief (4), guadalupe (4), art (4), life (4), central (4), court (4), politics (4), areas (4), restored (4), era (4), pre (4), velasco (4), martín (4), 116 (4), 123 (4), 1997 (4), side (4), 256 (4), has (4), 139 (4), 121 (4), 250 (4), 105 (4), 201 (4), 103 (4), 205 (4), 182 (4), 154 (4), 314 (4), 148 (4), 109 (4), 102 (4), 142 (4), 133 (4), 138 (4), 136 (4), 108 (4), 181 (4), 161 (4), september (4), medina (4), historians (4), lamar (4), longer (4), 600 (4), crossed (4), followed (4), destroy (4), included (4), estimated (4), province (4), spain (4), independent (4), good (4), version (4), attempt (4), center (4), fewer (4), outnumbered (4), information (4), legacy (4), strong (4), declined (4), involved (4), make (4), significant (4), eventually (4), horses (4), secretary (4), declare (4), declared (4), east (4), families (4), however (4), expected (4), negotiate (4), ammunition (4), fall (4), enemy (4), away (4), retreated (4), stationed (4), what (4), beginning (4), engage (4), marched (4), dragoons (4), strength (4), near (4), future (4), final (4), off (4), way (4), position (4), personally (4), soldier (4), officials (4), just (4), miguel (4), barragán (4), paused (4), spread (4), avoid (4), real (4), runaway (4), scrape (4), regular (4), king (4), insisted (4), garza (4), four (4), federalists (4), resistance (4), assault (4), increased (4), texans (4), commanders (4), operations (4), majority (4), laws (4), immigrants (4), ugartechea (4), gulf (4), 1846 (4), sidebar (4), languages (3), legal (3), contact (3), terms (3), site (3), agree (3), use (3), short (3), rebellions (3), fought (3), org (3), yale (3), france (3), national (3), oregon (3), carson (3), nebraska (3), bozeman (3), francisco (3), cowboy (3), mountain (3), influence (3), gunfights (3), bibliography (3), rangers (3), clanton (3), creek (3), walls (3), bear (3), seven (3), hand (3), cattle (3), thomas (3), jackson (3), slaughter (3), party (3), crazy (3), horse (3), yaqui (3), five (3), nations (3), list (3), martial (3), football (3), peso (3), exchange (3), companies (3), supreme (3), federal (3), municipalities (3), climate (3), attempts (3), provisional (3), columbian (3), galveston (3), 1832 (3), power (3), doi (3), navarro (3), haynes (3), oclc (3), house (3), david (3), loss (3), teja (3), timothy (3), robert (3), plano (3), roell (3), 141 (3), miller (3), 1961 (3), 342 (3), race (3), white (3), social (3), 207 (3), 1834 (3), york (3), fowler (3), leadership (3), louisiana (3), 1865 (3), edward (3), books (3), never (3), making (3), 1967 (3), barker (3), 188 (3), original (3), visit (3), 165 (3), 177 (3), 147 (3), 146 (3), 157 (3), 185 (3), 114 (3), 254 (3), 107 (3), 104 (3), 318 (3), 125 (3), 206 (3), 291 (3), 245 (3), 279 (3), 272 (3), 215 (3), 271 (3), 312 (3), 287 (3), 202 (3), 191 (3), 176 (3), 134 (3), 137 (3), 253 (3), 174 (3), 167 (3), 143 (3), 113 (3), 131 (3), 229 (3), 155 (3), 164 (3), 179 (3), 151 (3), 150 (3), 110 (3), requested (3), because (3), peggy (3), breastworks (3), groce (3), landing (3), roughly (3), spared (3), milam (3), claims (3), casualties (3), ratify (3), hopes (3), stop (3), secession (3), events (3), often (3), least (3), even (3), living (3), active (3), home (3), column (3), front (3), every (3), year (3), population (3), quite (3), warfare (3), due (3), claim (3), signed (3), act (3), 1837 (3), persuade (3), 1839 (3), provided (3), cherokee (3), declaring (3), vowed (3), guaranteed (3), absence (3), event (3), action (3), must (3), put (3), staged (3), resolution (3), issued (3), skirmishes (3), larger (3), regions (3), assumed (3), either (3), 285 (3), aftermath (3), marching (3), found (3), 278 (3), countries (3), successfully (3), lines (3), completely (3), hope (3), met (3), bridge (3), marsh (3), instructions (3), won (3), aware (3), 650 (3), slow (3), grass (3), single (3), taken (3), attempting (3), defense (3), rather (3), afternoon (3), permission (3), allowed (3), 247 (3), bayou (3), separated (3), type (3), 900 (3), location (3), cover (3), bordered (3), came (3), plans (3), lynchburg (3), remain (3), crossing (3), burned (3), ramírez (3), sesma (3), informed (3), 234 (3), concerned (3), children (3), evacuate (3), ranches (3), camino (3), thus (3), adjourned (3), hour (3), passed (3), militia (3), westover (3), tried (3), surrounded (3), reach (3), coleto (3), repulsed (3), rifles (3), learning (3), spies (3), goal (3), lived (3), scheduled (3), attacked (3), morale (3), interior (3), colonists (3), finally (3), raised (3), needed (3), gather (3), neill (3), yucatán (3), saltillo (3), preparing (3), enough (3), foreigners (3), pirates (3), tornel (3), knew (3), discipline (3), vote (3), municipality (3), federalism (3), noted (3), present (3), regrouping (3), perfecto (3), centralists (3), bustamante (3), 1829 (3), 1813 (3), 1848 (3), 1861 (3), 1519 (3), 1910 (3), 1863 (3), changes (3), tools (3), topic (2), table (2), statistics (2), conduct (2), privacy (2), wikimedia (2), inc (2), commons (2), license (2), rendered (2), 2026 (2), categories (2), written (2), description (2), wikidata (2), separatist (2), based (2), fast (2), category (2), bridger (2), seattle (2), port (2), kilgore (2), worth (2), paso (2), abilene (2), broken (2), virginia (2), robinson (2), kansas (2), missouri (2), hall (2), standing (2), rock (2), dakota (2), trinidad (2), colorado (2), yuma (2), arizona (2), wear (2), music (2), rocky (2), cuisine (2), old (2), outlaws (2), lawmen (2), ghost (2), feud (2), pass (2), shootout (2), saloon (2), gunfight (2), treasure (2), ship (2), johnny (2), novel (2), dead (2), man (2), folklore (2), transcontinental (2), transport (2), wild (2), shows (2), train (2), room (2), poetry (2), drive (2), andrew (2), philip (2), samuel (2), russell (2), jim (2), bob (2), brothers (2), kid (2), mclaury (2), wesley (2), billy (2), young (2), swilling (2), rivera (2), ten (2), paiute (2), northern (2), tribes (2), comanche (2), flags (2), symbols (2), our (2), religion (2), radio (2), internet (2), film (2), media (2), literature (2), supply (2), indigenous (2), corruption (2), petroleum (2), oil (2), stock (2), mass (2), manufacturing (2), reform (2), institutional (2), energy (2), bank (2), human (2), anti (2), parties (2), elections (2), administrative (2), divisions (2), resources (2), tropical (2), territorial (2), territories (2), forests (2), points (2), change (2), chiapas (2), crisis (2), miracle (2), maximato (2), cristero (2), porfiriato (2), caste (2), reforma (2), pastry (2), commission (2), laredo (2), reconstruction (2), period (2), anahuac (2), armed (2), 1833 (2), conventions (2), map (2), showing (2), external (2), richard (2), bruce (2), s2cid (2), issn (2), 1353 (2), cruel (2), quarter (2), cite (2), person (2), 1960 (2), today (2), eds (2), 62349 (2), 310 (2), contested (2), rethinking (2), reading (2), josefina (2), zoraida (2), roots (2), question (2), torget (2), stuntz (2), 2012 (2), hispanic (2), losing (2), denton (2), scott (2), 87611 (2), 58544 (2), secret (2), minutes (2), grants (2), signers (2), latin (2), experience (2), jstor (2), kelley (2), 716 (2), 1810 (2), 1860 (2), wheat (2), 2005 (2), role (2), 309 (2), 275 (2), haley (2), 2002 (2), story (2), popular (2), current (2), del (2), 2010 (2), originally (2), carrigan (2), 1999 (2), peculiar (2), institution (2), campbell (2), 1991 (2), calore (2), alwyn (2), baptist (2), half (2), told (2), scheina (2), 2003 (2), references (2), archived (2), 423 (2), 248 (2), 302 (2), 305 (2), 187 (2), 132 (2), 251 (2), 343 (2), 232 (2), 317 (2), 316 (2), 301 (2), 295 (2), 106 (2), 127 (2), 169 (2), 315 (2), 289 (2), 288 (2), 180 (2), 282 (2), 246 (2), 277 (2), 216 (2), 339 (2), 276 (2), 273 (2), 274 (2), 213 (2), 210 (2), 328 (2), 267 (2), 204 (2), 203 (2), 208 (2), 283 (2), 258 (2), 209 (2), 193 (2), 263 (2), 153 (2), 189 (2), 183 (2), 184 (2), 242 (2), 241 (2), 231 (2), 173 (2), 171 (2), 168 (2), 158 (2), 223 (2), 220 (2), 349 (2), 340 (2), 236 (2), 128 (2), 325 (2), 252 (2), 212 (2), 119 (2), 197 (2), 111 (2), 115 (2), 224 (2), 238 (2), 237 (2), 163 (2), 198 (2), 266 (2), 172 (2), 299 (2), library (2), archives (2), footnotes (2), 341 (2), thought (2), located (2), thousand (2), encountered (2), might (2), northeast (2), modern (2), believe (2), hid (2), courier (2), incurred (2), escape (2), alternative (2), barricades (2), wait (2), removed (2), theory (2), includes (2), numbers (2), surviving (2), served (2), average (2), delay (2), notes (2), battles (2), language (2), perspectives (2), primarily (2), depicting (2), 1838 (2), 20th (2), works (2), contained (2), evil (2), compared (2), interest (2), accurate (2), explore (2), 1901 (2), 19th (2), purchased (2), church (2), million (2), gained (2), courage (2), rate (2), far (2), superior (2), tactics (2), casualty (2), 350 (2), rebels (2), 28th (2), annex (2), british (2), maintain (2), britain (2), affairs (2), annexed (2), gain (2), recognition (2), fledgling (2), blamed (2), individuals (2), money (2), 313 (2), 284 (2), policies (2), changed (2), status (2), freed (2), common (2), system (2), idea (2), legally (2), sign (2), likewise (2), faced (2), community (2), promises (2), goods (2), bounties (2), acres (2), 280 (2), attacking (2), inquiry (2), judge (2), finding (2), travel (2), week (2), demand (2), execution (2), speech (2), want (2), having (2), overturned (2), weakened (2), coup (2), response (2), set (2), month (2), overwhelmingly (2), approved (2), request (2), executive (2), used (2), excuse (2), taxes (2), resulted (2), postponed (2), fear (2), briefly (2), launched (2), considered (2), 290 (2), comply (2), maneuvering (2), once (2), settled (2), hundreds (2), across (2), lowered (2), agreements (2), leading (2), replaced (2), reconquer (2), address (2), supported (2), went (2), remaining (2), armies (2), former (2), retake (2), suggested (2), treaties (2), private (2), personal (2), released (2), passage (2), veracruz (2), secretly (2), promised (2), acknowledge (2), continue (2), confident (2), presented (2), wish (2), risk (2), rains (2), roads (2), mud (2), dysentery (2), die (2), discretion (2), vince (2), calling (2), 269 (2), represent (2), darkness (2), vicente (2), yelled (2), begged (2), victories (2), quietly (2), ranks (2), swarmed (2), surprise (2), castrillón (2), campsite (2), lives (2), killing (2), everything (2), find (2), raw (2), tired (2), advantage (2), 257 (2), brief (2), forcing (2), withdraw (2), melee (2), foot (2), rifle (2), objections (2), thrown (2), better (2), full (2), 1895 (2), terrain (2), wooded (2), protests (2), vulnerable (2), carrying (2), intelligence (2), locations (2), realizing (2), too (2), point (2), death (2), decisive (2), smaller (2), acting (2), hold (2), combined (2), capture (2), intercept (2), bound (2), fire (2), family (2), assigned (2), sound (2), allow (2), counterattack (2), salvation (2), depends (2), learned (2), easily (2), engagement (2), 230 (2), pace (2), susanna (2), dickinson (2), settlements (2), convened (2), evacuation (2), midnight (2), unaware (2), carried (2), explicitly (2), delegate (2), announced (2), proposed (2), fallen (2), charge (2), capital (2), seeing (2), show (2), victoria (2), oxen (2), timber (2), try (2), waiting (2), heavy (2), severely (2), supporters (2), captain (2), searching (2), besieged (2), defiance (2), unwilling (2), delayed (2), raids (2), 170 (2), six (2), remainder (2), agua (2), dulce (2), himself (2), ultimate (2), able (2), waited (2), she (2), knowledge (2), troop (2), quell (2), mexicans (2), impact (2), succeeded (2), very (2), caused (2), possibly (2), relative (2), elsewhere (2), 175 (2), related (2), rebel (2), already (2), unprepared (2), occupied (2), arrive (2), argued (2), hands (2), officer (2), shared (2), painted (2), winter (2), path (2), homes (2), organized (2), brother (2), approach (2), mules (2), scarce (2), deemed (2), dealt (2), such (2), presently (2), serving (2), decree (2), crush (2), provide (2), loans (2), portion (2), dubbed (2), convicts (2), result (2), rations (2), uprising (2), duties (2), kentucky (2), how (2), each (2), determine (2), established (2), election (2), words (2), follow (2), dramatically (2), dismiss (2), named (2), advocating (2), bored (2), deserting (2), outside (2), debate (2), leanings (2), effort (2), appointed (2), opposition (2), claimed (2), resigned (2), 101 (2), accompanied (2), mutiny (2), weather (2), colder (2), grew (2), greys (2), divided (2), guerrilla (2), send (2), thirty (2), minute (2), ayuntamiento (2), lipantitlán (2), leader (2), buoyed (2), colonies (2), meeting (2), revealed (2), rose (2), unrest (2), subdued (2), militias (2), gomez (2), farias (2), zacatecas (2), increasingly (2), abolished (2), settle (2), owners (2), filibusters (2), provinces (2), autonomy (2), facto (2), shortly (2), royalist (2), gutiérrez (2), magee (2), purchase (2), background (2), cultural (2), exemption (2), arab (2), hungarian (2), german (2), 1917 (2), communist (2), nonviolent (2), permanent (2), 2020 (2), 1929 (2), 1920 (2), 1919 (2), 1914 (2), 1822 (2), 1823 (2), 1530 (2), conquest (2), 1521 (2), pow (2), indoor (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), read (2), bahasa (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, mobile, cookie, statement, developers, code, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, apply, using, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, creative, attribution, sharealike, parsoid, edited, utc, hidden, featured, cs1, errors, mdy, dates, 2023, different, separatism, https, index, php, title, texas_revolution, oldid, 1372410528, lux, israel, bnf, data, gnd, international, databases, laramie, wyoming, vancouver, townsend, everett, salt, utah, lubbock, vale, salem, portland, mcminnville, dalles, astoria, wewoka, tuskahoma, tishomingo, tahlequah, pawhuska, okmulgee, sill, gibson, arrow, tucumcari, roswell, mogollon, mesilla, las, vegas, gallup, sumner, cimarron, albuquerque, alamogordo, reno, nevada, whiteclay, valentine, omaha, ogallala, atkinson, chadron, missoula, livingston, helena, peck, benton, deer, lodge, billings, montana, louis, wichita, leavenworth, hays, ellsworth, dodge, dearborn, illinois, boise, idaho, tallahassee, marks, augustine, prospect, bluff, pensacola, negro, angola, florida, yankton, rapid, pine, ridge, yates, fargo, deadwood, bismarck, telluride, denver, creede, diego, sacramento, los, angeles, jamestown, fresno, bakersfield, window, tucson, tombstone, phoenix, prescott, canyon, diablo, skagway, seward, nome, iditarod, anchorage, alaska, places, snap, fastener, jeans, hat, boots, dirt, lifestyle, genre, weird, gothic, tex, mex, oysters, pacific, northwestern, chile, californian, chuckwagon, towns, gangs, cowboys, cowgirls, lists, sutton, taylor, sheep, pleasant, valley, mason, feuds, knee, seminole, sand, adobe, chimayó, washita, bighorn, glorieta, variety, branch, corral, frisco, coffeyville, pike, peak, klondike, confederate, gulch, diamond, hills, rushes, pecos, bunyan, montezuma, desert, dutchman, mine, kaw, dime, railroad, tanner, emigrant, pony, express, mormon, meek, cutoff, lolo, platte, chisholm, butterfield, barlow, trails, westward, expansion, tack, piano, vigilante, justice, robbery, stagecoach, rodeo, rendezvous, schoolhouse, moonshine, manifest, destiny, homesteading, draw, cow, rustling, boot, hill, barbed, wire, bison, peter, lebeck, sweeny, sedona, schnebly, annie, oakley, emperor, norton, sylvester, mowry, nat, love, octaviano, larrazolo, seth, kinman, zephaniah, kingsley, doc, holliday, goodfellow, joel, glanton, fly, flavel, jonathan, boring, jacob, astor, sieber, sheridan, charley, reynolds, ranald, mackenzie, luther, kelly, calamity, jane, horn, heintzelman, alexis, godey, armstrong, custer, crook, cooney, omohundro, cody, kit, frederick, burnham, cole, younger, tiburcio, vásquez, sundance, soapy, belle, starr, joaquin, murrieta, ketchum, jesse, ringo, downing, doolin, emmett, grat, dalton, ike, butch, cassidy, curly, brocius, bart, harry, wheeler, timberlake, tilghman, horton, selman, scarborough, bass, reeves, mysterious, dave, mather, bat, masterson, hickok, helm, pat, garrett, garfias, wyatt, virgil, morgan, roy, bean, charlie, bassett, elfego, baca, brigham, williams, wickenburg, richens, lacey, wootton, ora, weed, jedediah, levi, ruggles, raphael, powell, murphy, mayer, meriwether
Text of the page (random words):
ctics did too little to crush out opposition but quite enough to sway the uncommitted toward the centralists 77 siege of béxar edit main article siege of béxar while dimmitt supervised the forces along the gulf coast austin led his men towards béxar to engage cos and his troops 78 confident that they would quickly rout the mexican troops many consultation delegates chose to join the military unable to reach a quorum the consultation was postponed until november 1 79 on october 16 the texians paused 25 miles 40 km from béxar austin sent a messenger to cos giving the requirements the texians would need to lay down their arms and avoid the sad consequences of the civil war which unfortunately threatens texas 80 cos replied that mexico would not yield to the dictates of foreigners 81 general martín perfecto de cos the approximately 650 mexican troops quickly built barricades throughout the town 56 82 within days the texian army about 450 strong initiated a siege of béxar 82 and gradually moved their camp nearer béxar 83 on october 27 an advance party led by james bowie and james fannin chose mission concepción as the next campsite and sent for the rest of the texian army 84 on learning that the texians were temporarily divided ugartechea led troops to engage bowie and fannin s men 85 the mexican cavalry was unable to fight effectively in the wooded riverbottom terrain and the weapons of the mexican infantry had a much shorter range than those of the texians 86 after three mexican infantry attacks were repulsed ugartechea called for a retreat 87 one texian soldier had died and between 14 and 76 mexican soldiers were killed d although texas tech university professor emeritus alwyn barr noted that the battle of concepción should have taught lessons on mexican courage and the value of a good defensive position 88 texas history expert stephen hardin believes that the relative ease of the victory at concepción instilled in the texians a reliance on their long rifles and a contempt for their enemies 89 as the weather turned colder and rations grew smaller groups of texians began to leave most without permission 90 morale was boosted on november 18 when the first group of volunteers from the united states the new orleans greys joined the texian army 91 92 unlike the majority of the texian volunteers the greys looked like soldiers with uniforms well maintained rifles adequate ammunition and some semblance of discipline 92 after austin resigned his command to become a commissioner to the united states soldiers elected edward burleson as their new commander 93 on november 26 burleson received word that a mexican pack train of mules and horses accompanied by 50 100 mexican soldiers was within 5 miles 8 0 km of béxar 94 95 after a near mutiny burleson sent bowie and william h jack with cavalry and infantry to intercept the supplies 95 96 in the subsequent skirmish the mexican forces were forced to retreat to béxar leaving their cargo behind to the disappointment of the texians the saddlebags contained only fodder for the horses for this reason the battle was later known as the grass fight 97 although the victory briefly uplifted the texian troops morale continued to fall as the weather turned colder and the men grew bored 98 after several proposals to take béxar by force were voted down by the texian troops 99 on december 4 burleson proposed that the army lift the siege and retreat to goliad until spring in a last effort to avoid a retreat colonel ben milam personally recruited units to participate in an attack the following morning milam and colonel frank w johnson led several hundred texians into the city over the next four days texians fought their way from house to house towards the fortified plazas near the center of town e 100 cos received 650 reinforcements on december 8 101 but to his dismay most of them were raw recruits including many convicts still in chains 102 instead of being helpful the reinforcements were mainly a drain on the dwindling food supplies 101 seeing few other options on december 9 cos and the bulk of his men withdrew into the alamo mission on the outskirts of béxar cos presented a plan for a counterattack cavalry officers believed that they would be surrounded by texians and refused their orders 103 possibly 175 soldiers from four of the cavalry companies left the mission and rode south mexican officers later claimed the men misunderstood their orders and were not deserting 102 the following morning cos surrendered 104 under the terms of the surrender cos and his men would leave texas and no longer fight against supporters of the constitution of 1824 105 with his departure there was no longer an organized garrison of mexican troops in texas 106 and many of the texians believed that the war was over 107 burleson resigned his leadership of the army on december 15 and returned to his home many of the men did likewise and johnson assumed command of the 400 soldiers who remained 105 108 according to barr the large number of american volunteers in béxar contributed to the mexican view that texian opposition stemmed from outside influences 109 in reality of the 1 300 men who volunteered to fight for the texian army in october and november 1835 only 150 200 arrived from the united states after october 2 the rest were residents of texas with an average immigration date of 1830 f volunteers came from every municipality including those that were partially occupied by mexican forces 110 however as residents returned to their homes following cos s surrender the texian army composition changed dramatically of the volunteers serving from january through march 1836 78 percent had arrived from the united states after october 2 1835 g 112 regrouping november 1835 february 1836 edit texas consultation and the matamoros expedition edit the consultation finally convened on november 3 in san felipe with 58 of the 98 elected delegates 113 after days of bitter debate the delegates voted to create a provisional government based on the principles of the constitution of 1824 although they did not declare independence the delegates insisted they would not rejoin mexico until federalism had been reinstated 114 the new government would consist of a governor and a general council with one representative from each municipality under the assumption that these two branches would cooperate there was no system of checks and balances 115 116 on november 13 delegates voted to create a regular army and named sam houston its commander in chief 117 in an effort to attract volunteers from the united states soldiers would be granted land bounties this provision was significant as all public land was owned by the state or the federal government indicating that the delegates expected texas to eventually declare independence 118 houston was given no authority over the volunteer army led by austin which predated the consultation 117 houston was also appointed to the select committee on indian affairs three men including austin were asked to go to the united states to gather money volunteers and supplies 116 the delegates elected henry smith as governor 119 on november 14 the consultation adjourned leaving smith and the council in charge 120 the new texas government had no funds so the military was granted the authority to impress supplies this policy soon resulted in an almost universal hatred of the council as food and supplies became scarce especially in the areas around goliad and béxar where texian troops were stationed 121 few of the volunteers agreed to join houston s regular army 122 the telegraph and texas register noted that some are not willing under the present government to do any duty that our government is bad all acknowledge and no one will deny 123 leaders in texas continued to debate whether the army was fighting for independence or a return to federalism 122 on december 22 texian soldiers stationed at la bahía issued the goliad declaration of independence 124 unwilling to decide the matter themselves the council called for another election for delegates to the convention of 1836 the council specifically noted that all free white males could vote as well as mexicans who did not support centralism 125 smith tried to veto the latter requirement as he believed even tejanos with federalist leanings should be denied suffrage 126 leading federalists in mexico including former governor viesca lorenzo de zavala and josé antonio mexía were advocating a plan to attack centralist troops in matamoros 127 council members were taken with the idea of a matamoros expedition they hoped it would inspire other federalist states to revolt and keep the bored texian troops from deserting the army most importantly it would move the war zone outside texas 128 the council officially approved the plan on december 25 and on december 30 johnson and his aide dr james grant took the bulk of the army and almost all of the supplies to goliad to prepare for the expedition 108 historian stuart reid posits that grant was secretly in the employ of the british government and that his plan to capture matamoros and thus tie texas more tightly to mexico may have been an unofficial plan of his to advance the interests of his employers in the region 129 h petty bickering between smith and the council members increased dramatically and on january 9 1836 smith threatened to dismiss the council unless they agreed to revoke their approval of the matamoros expedition 130 131 two days later the council voted to impeach smith and named james w robinson the acting governor 132 it was unclear whether either side actually had the authority to dismiss the other 133 by this point texas was essentially in anarchy 134 under orders from smith houston successfully dissuaded all but 70 men from continuing to follow johnson 135 with his own authority in question following smith s impeachment houston washed his hands of the army and journeyed to nacogdoches to negotiate a treaty with cherokee leaders houston vowed that texas would recognize cherokee claims to land in east texas as long as the indians refrained from attacking settlements or assisting the mexican army 136 in his absence fannin as the highest ranking officer active in the regular army led the men who did not want to go to matamoros to goliad 137 the council had neglected to provide specific instructions on how to structure the february vote for convention delegates leaving it up to each municipality to determine how to balance the desires of the established residents against those of the volunteers newly arrived from the united states 138 chaos ensued in nacogdoches the election judge turned back a company of 40 volunteers from kentucky who had arrived that week the soldiers drew their weapons colonel sidney sherman announced that he had come to texas to fight for it and had as soon commence in the town of nacogdoches as elsewhere 139 eventually the troops were allowed to vote 139 with rumors that santa anna was preparing a large army to advance into texas rhetoric degenerated into framing the conflict as a race war between anglos defending their property against in the words of david g burnet a mongrel race of degenerate spaniards and indians more depraved than they 140 mexican army of operations edit antonio lópez de santa anna news of the armed uprising at gonzales reached santa anna on october 23 52 aside from the ruling elite and members of the army few in mexico knew or cared about the revolt those with knowledge of the events blamed the anglos for their unwillingness to conform to the laws and culture of their new country anglo immigrants had forced a war on mexico and mexican honor insisted that the usurpers be defeated 141 santa anna transferred his presidential duties to miguel barragán in order to personally lead troops to put an end to the texian revolt santa anna and his soldiers believed that the texians would be quickly cowed 142 the mexican secretary of war josé maría tornel wrote the superiority of the mexican soldier over the mountaineers of kentucky and the hunters of missouri is well known veterans seasoned by 20 years of wars can t be intimidated by the presence of an army ignorant of the art of war incapable of discipline and renowned for insubordination 142 at this time there were only 2 500 soldiers in the mexican interior this was not enough to crush a rebellion and provide security from attacks by both indians and federalists throughout the rest of the country 143 according to author will fowler santa anna financed the texas expedition with three loans one from the city of san luis potosí and the other two loans from individuals cayetano rubio and juan n errazo santa anna had guaranteed at least a portion of the repayments with his own financial holdings 144 he began to assemble a new army which he dubbed the army of operations in texas a majority of the troops had been conscripted or were convicts who chose service in the military over jail 145 the mexican officers knew that the brown bess muskets they carried lacked the range of the texian weapons but santa anna was convinced that his superior planning would nonetheless result in an easy victory corruption was rampant and supplies were not plentiful almost from the beginning rations were short and there were no medical supplies or doctors few troops were issued heavy coats or blankets for the winter 146 in late december at santa anna s behest the mexican congress passed the tornel decree declaring that any foreigners fighting against mexican troops will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such being citizens of no nation presently at war with the republic and fighting under no recognized flag 147 in the early nineteenth century captured pirates were executed immediately the resolution thus gave the mexican army permission to take no prisoners in the war against the texians 147 this information was not widely distributed and it is unlikely that most of the american recruits serving in the texian army were aware that there would be no prisoners of war 148 by december 1835 6 019 soldiers had begun their march towards texas 149 progress was slow there were not enough mules to transport all of the supplies and many of the teamsters all civilians quit when their pay was delayed the large number of soldaderas women and children who followed the army reduced the already scarce supplies 150 in saltillo cos and his men from béxar joined santa anna s forces 151 santa anna regarded cos s promise not to take up arms in texas as meaningless because it had been given to rebels 152 from saltillo the army had three choices advance along the coast on the atascocita road from matamoros to goliad or march on béxar from the south along the laredo road or from the west along the camino real 153 santa anna ordered general josé de urrea to lead 550 troops to goliad 152 154 although several of santa anna s officers argued that the entire army should advance along the coast...
|
