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specific name peeblesorum honours the families of john and james peebles on whose land the finds were made 19 3 david trexler the second son of clifford trexler and marion brandvold grew up in such a context that he ended up by becoming a paleontologist himself in 1995 he founded in bynum the montana dinosaur center that center plays an important role in connexion with the first identified remains of maiasaura because during the years that spanned from 1998 to 2004 david trexler s mother marion brandvold led a legal fight with the yale and princeton universities in order to recover the bones of the baby maiasauras that she had found back in the 1970s in 2004 she obtained a satisfactory issue and since then these historically important fossils are preserved at the montana dinosaur center in bynum 20 over 200 specimens in all age ranges have been found 21 the announcement of the discovery of maiasaura attracted renewed scientific interest to the two medicine formation and many other new kinds of dinosaurs were discovered as a result of the increased attention 22 choteau maiasaura remains are found in higher strata than their two medicine river counterparts 23 the sites that close to choteau contain maiasaura remains of adults juveniles nests and eggs have been preserved in the rock as if a rapid event had frozen the area it is assumed that such event was the eruption of a volcano located among the nearby elkhorn mountains nests eggs and animals were covered by ash and once they fossilised they remained almost perfectly preserved until they were discovered in 1978 17 18 in 1985 the nature conservancy purchased the site of egg mountain from the james and marian peebles family the original owners of the land leasing the property to the peebles for cattle grazing and allowing curator jack horner and the museum of the rockies to run a paleontology field camp in 2004 the museum of the rockies purchased the property and now the museum gives egg mountain the name of museum of the rockies beatrice r taylor paleontology research site honouring beatrice taylor whose family donated the money for the purchase 24 classification edit cast of a juvenile skeleton life restorations of an adult and juvenile maiasaura peeblesorum is in the tribe brachylophosaurini along with these related taxa acristavus gagslarsoni 25 brachylophosaurus canadensis 26 ornatops incantatus 27 probrachylophosaurus bergei 28 the following cladogram of hadrosaurid relationships was published in 2013 by albert prieto márquez et al 29 saurolophinae brachylophosaurini acristavus gagslarsoni brachylophosaurus canadensis maiasaura peeblesorum shantungosaurus giganteus edmontosaurus edmontosaurus regalis edmontosaurus annectens saurolophini kerberosaurus manakini sabinas otu prosaurolophus maximus saurolophus saurolophus morrisi saurolophus osborni saurolophus angustirostris kritosaurini wulagasaurus dongi kritosaurus navajovius aquilarhinus secernosaurus koerneri willinakaqe salitralensis gryposaurus gryposaurus latidens gryposaurus notabilis gryposaurus monumentensis paleobiology edit reconstructed cast by jack horner of a maiasaura emerging from its egg maiasaura lived in herds and it raised its young in nesting colonies the nests in the colonies were packed closely together like those of modern seabirds with the gap between the nests being around 7 metres 23 ft less than the length of the adult animal 30 the nests were made of earth and contained 30 to 40 eggs laid in a circular or spiral pattern the eggs were about the size of ostrich eggs and are oval shaped with one slightly more pointed end 31 fossilized m peeblesorum eggs are black in color and have high prominent ridges on the outer surface 31 the eggs were incubated by the heat resulting from rotting vegetation placed into the nest by the parents rather than a parent sitting on the nest upon hatching fossils of baby maiasaura show that their legs were not fully developed and thus they were incapable of walking fossils also show that their teeth were partly worn which means that the adults brought food to the nest 32 reconstruction of a nest with eggs baby maiasaura casts on display at royal ontario museum the hatchlings grew from a size of 41 to 147 centimetres 16 to 58 in long in the span of their first year at this point or perhaps after another year the animal left the nest this high rate of growth may be evidence of warm bloodedness the hatchlings had different facial proportions from the adults with larger eyes and a shorter snout 32 these features are associated with cuteness and commonly elicit care from parents in animals dependent on their parents for survival during the early stages of life based on metabolic growth rates and age estimations of juvenile specimens both in and outside the nests it is suggested that infant maiasaura were altricial and left the confines of their nests after 40 75 days or roughly a little over 1 2 months old these studies also were compared to the related lambeosaurine hadrosaur hypacrosaurus for which neonates are also known these analyses suggest hypacrosaurus was more precocial than maiasaura based on its ecological traits 33 studies led by holly woodward jack horner freedman fowler et al have given insight into the life history of maiasaura resulting in what is perhaps the most detailed life history of any dinosaur known and to which all others can be compared from a sample of fifty individual maiasaura tibiae it was found that maiasaurs had a mortality rate of about 89 9 in their first year of life if the animals survived their second year their mortality rate would drop to 12 7 the animals would spend their next six years maturing and growing sexual maturity was found to occur in their third year while skeletal maturity was attained at eight years of age in their eighth year and beyond the mortality rate for maiasaura would spike back to around 44 4 the studies that followed also found that maiasaurs were primarily bipedal as juveniles and switched to a more quadrupedal stance as they aged it was also found that maiasaura also included rotting wood in its diet as well that its environment had a long dry season prone to drought the results of the study were published in the journal palaeobiology on september 3 2015 34 35 diet edit a paper from 2007 showed that maiasaura had a diet consisting of fibrous plants wood rotting wood tree bark leaves branches ferns angiosperms and possibly grasses this would imply that maiasaura was both a browser and a grazer 36 37 38 analysis of its dental wear patterns show that juvenile m peeblesorum exhibited more crush wear than adults which displayed more shear wear than juveniles this suggests that adults fed more on tough fibrous vegetation while juveniles fed more on hard brittle objects like nuts seeds or berries 39 sexual dimorphism edit studies of maiasaura by saitta et al suggest that one sex was roughly 45 larger than the other according to the mathematical analysis known as size statistics however it cannot be ascertained at this time whether the larger sex was male or female 40 41 palaeoecology edit illustration of a herd of maiasaura walking along a creekbed as found in the semi arid two medicine formation fossil bed this region was characterized by volcanic ash layers and conifer fern and horsetail vegetation maiasaura is a characteristic fossil of the middle portion lithofacies 4 of the two medicine formation dated from about 86 3 to 70 6 million years ago 2 maiasaura lived alongside the troodontids stenonychosaurus and troodon and the basal ornithopod orodromeus as well as the dromaeosaurid bambiraptor and the tyrannosaur daspletosaurus 2 another species of hadrosaurids referable to the genus hypacrosaurus coexisted with maiasaura for some time as hypacrosaurus remains have been found lower in the two medicine formation than was earlier known 42 the discovery of an additional hadrosaurid gryposaurus latidens in the same range as maiasaura has shown that the border between hypothesized distinct faunas in the upper and middle is less distinct than once thought 42 there seems to be a major diversification in ornithischian taxa after the appearance of maiasaura within the two medicine formation 42 the thorough examination of strata found along the two medicine river which exposes the entire upper half of the two medicine formation indicates that the apparent diversification was a real event rather than a result of preservational biases 42 while maiasaura has historically been associated with the two medicine formation ceratopsid einiosaurus in a single fauna this is inaccurate as maiasaura is known exclusively from older strata 43 in the oldman formation of alberta maiasaura lived alongside the ceratopsians albertaceratops anchiceratops chasmosaurus coronosaurus and wendiceratops as well as the dromaeosaurids dromaeosaurus saurornitholestes and hesperonychus the tyrannosaurid daspletosaurus the orodromine thescelosaurid albertadromeus the pachycephalosaurs foraminacephale and hanssuesia the ornithomimid struthiomimus the other hadrosaurids brachylophosaurus corythosaurus and parasaurolophus and the ankylosaurid scolosaurus 1 maiasaura and the popularisation of the dinosaur renaissance edit within the first years of the discovery of maiasaura the importance of such a remarkable find had a durable impact on the public and media contributed to that as of 1983 dinosaur renaissance artist doug henderson started painting anatomically modern view life restorations of maiasaura for a children s book authored by jack horner james gorman and jeri d walton finally published in 1985 the book was titled maia a dinosaur grows up and via its illustrations showed to the public maiasaura and other of its contemporary dinosaurs on horizontal backbone posture contrary to the till then traditional popular and incorrect posture seen in dinosaurs bipedal or not that permanently were dragging their tails on the ground 44 in 1985 as well the cbs television documentary dinosaur showed jack horner talking to the camera about the egg mountain site and its related discoveries dinosaur was seminal too showing to the cbs audiences the ct scan image of a maiasaura embryo found inside an egg that had been previously collected at egg mountain 45 in 1987 the television documentary film digging dinosaurs produced by the television channel whyy philadelphia with fund by the william penn foundation showed a fossil dig team led by bob makela and jack horner all excavating at a maiasaura fossilised nesting ground in northern montana in the film horner talks to the camera about his conclusions on how the juveniles hatched and grew first in the nests then in company of the adults when joining the herd he also mentions his interest in the opportunity that this species found in hundreds of individuals brings to studies on individual variation within a species of dinosaur 46 horner reappeared on television this time with extended screen time about the maiasaura discoveries in another programme the great dinosaur hunt part of the infinite voyage series of documentaries the great dinosaur hunt first aired on january 4 1989 47 in 1991 two short documentaries produced by earthtalk studios a giant leap for dinosaurs and dinosaur hunters both directed by daniel j smith showed jack horner at camp makela the scientists camp that is on site at egg mountain talking with children and adolescents about the cutting edge of dinosaur research 48 see also edit dinosaurs portal timeline of hadrosaur research notes edit μαῖα term also related to maia one of the seven sisters pleiades and the mother of hermes by zeus in greek mythology references edit 1 2 mcfeeters bradley d evans david c ryan michael j maddin hillary c 2021 03 01 first occurrence of maiasaura dinosauria hadrosauridae from the upper cretaceous oldman formation of southern alberta canada canadian journal of earth sciences 58 3 286 296 bibcode 2021cajes 58 286m doi 10 1139 cjes 2019 0207 issn 0008 4077 s2cid 233851376 1 2 3 horner j r schmitt j g jackson f hanna r 2001 bones and rocks of the upper cretaceous two medicine judith river clastic wedge complex montana in field trip guidebook society of vertebrate paleontology 61st annual meeting mesozoic and cenozoic paleontology in the western plains and rocky mountains museum of the rockies occasional paper vol 3 pp 3 14 1 2 horner j r makela r 1979 nest of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs nature 282 5736 296 298 bibcode 1979natur 282 296h doi 10 1038 282296a0 s2cid 4370793 www dinopit the importance of maiasaura ebsco com maiasaura montanakids com maiasaura august 5 2020 archived url september 12 2025 wosik m chiba k therrien f evans d c 2020 testing size frequency distributions as a method of ontogenetic aging a life history assessment of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the dinosaur park formation of alberta canada with implications for hadrosaurid paleoecology paleobiology 46 3 379 404 bibcode 2020pbio 46 379w doi 10 1017 pab 2020 2 s2cid 221666530 brett surman m k february 1979 phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs nature 277 5697 560 562 bibcode 1979natur 277 560b doi 10 1038 277560a0 issn 0028 0836 s2cid 4332144 cubo jorge woodward holly wolff ewan horner john r 2015 first reported cases of biomechanically adaptive bone modeling in non avian dinosaurs plos one 10 7 e0131131 bibcode 2015ploso 1031131c doi 10 1371 journal pone 0131131 pmc 4495995 pmid 26153689 varricchio david j horner john r 1993 05 01 hadrosaurid and lambeosaurid bone beds from the upper cretaceous two medicine formation of montana taphonomic and biologic implications canadian journal of earth sciences 30 5 997 1006 bibcode 1993cajes 30 997v doi 10 1139 e93 083 issn 0008 4077 mcfeeters bradley evans david maddin hillary 2021 ontogeny and variation in the skull roof and braincase of maiasaura peeblesorum from the two medicine formation of montana u s a acta palaeontologica polonica 66 doi 10 4202 app 00698 2019 issn 0567 7920 s2cid 239729209 john wallace brandvold obituary in frontierfuneralhome com john r horner proquest dinosaur behavior proquest phi kappa phi journal summer 1998 1 2 3 4 the accent podcast youtube channel 24 jack horner paleontologist on t rex feathers building dinos jurassic park dyslexia etc interview with jack horner may 22 2023 cite web author john ghost url https wheninyourstate com montana how a coffee can of baby bones cracked this 150 million year montana mystery title how a coffee can of baby bones cracked this 150 million year montana mystery website wheninyourstate com date november 13 2025 access date 2026 05 28 url status live remnick david j august 22 1979 whole dinosaur egg unearthed 1st in north america the washington post cite journal cs1 maint year link 1 2 willie freimuth department of earth sciences montana state university paleontology egg mountain published april 10 2018 at the science education and resou...
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