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d apply idle vm recommendations configure idle vm recommendations manage reservation recommendations reservation recommendations overview view and apply idle reservation recommendations view and apply underutilized reservation recommendations configure idle reservation recommendations configure underutilized reservation recommendations overcommit cpus on sole tenant vms manual live migration about manual live migration manually live migrate vms share sole tenant node groups next generation dynamic resource management cost savings get discounts for committed usage about commitments and committed use discounts cuds resource based cuds purchase resource based commitments without attached reservations with attached reservations for os licenses manage resource based commitments renew commitments automatically extend commitment terms merge and split commitments upgrade commitments share resource based cuds across projects get discounts for sustained usage disk performance optimize hyperdisk performance optimize persistent disk performance optimize local ssd performance workload performance set the number of threads per core customize the number of visible cpu cores analyze the cpu performance using the pmu pmu overview enable the pmu in vms manage the pmu in vms network performance network bandwidth use google virtual nic use irdma network driver use idpf network interface configure a vm with higher bandwidth reduce latency by using compact placement policies optimize tcp network communication optimize tcp network performance optimize tcp network resiliency benchmark higher bandwidth vms optimize app latency with load balancing use dpdk to improve network performance network performance and gpu vms networking and gpu machines use higher network bandwidth patterns for using multiple host nics troubleshoot general tips troubleshoot connectivity troubleshoot rdp troubleshoot ssh troubleshoot os login troubleshoot vms troubleshoot vm operations troubleshoot vm creation troubleshoot resource availability errors troubleshoot bulk api vm creation troubleshoot vm reboots and shutdowns troubleshoot vm suspension troubleshoot vm updates troubleshoot unresponsive vms troubleshoot vm startup troubleshoot fstab errors troubleshoot kernel panic collecting core dumps rescue an inaccessible vm troubleshoot cpu bus locks troubleshoot cpu soft lockups troubleshoot vm configurations troubleshoot arm vms troubleshoot gpu vms troubleshoot nvidia gpu errors generate a nvidia bug report for blackwell gpus troubleshoot nested virtualization troubleshoot using vm screenshots troubleshoot sole tenant nodes troubleshoot vm performance issues troubleshoot sudoers files troubleshoot windows vms troubleshoot windows vms collecting diagnostic information troubleshoot using the serial console troubleshoot using the serial console viewing serial port output troubleshoot instance groups troubleshoot managed instance groups migs troubleshoot os management troubleshoot licenses troubleshoot image import and export troubleshooting sles pay as you go registration troubleshooting ubuntu pro registration troubleshoot metadata server troubleshoot metadata server troubleshoot networking issues troubleshoot common networking issues troubleshoot network drivers troubleshoot vm performance issues troubleshoot storage troubleshoot disk creation troubleshoot full disks and disk resizing troubleshoot disk encryption troubleshoot nvme disks troubleshoot instant snapshots troubleshoot standard snapshots troubleshoot reservations and commitments troubleshoot reservation creation troubleshoot reservation consumption troubleshooting reservation monitoring troubleshoot reservation updates troubleshoot future reservation creation and updates troubleshoot automatic commitment renewal troubleshoot quota errors troubleshoot concurrent operation quota errors troubleshoot workload authentication troubleshoot default service accounts troubleshoot workload to workload authentication ai and ml application development application hosting compute data analytics and pipelines databases distributed hybrid and multicloud industry solutions migration networking observability and monitoring security storage access and resources management costs and usage management infrastructure as code sdk languages frameworks and tools home documentation compute compute engine guides send feedback containers on compute engine stay organized with collections save and categorize content based on your preferences linux windows software containers are a convenient way to run your apps in multiple isolated user space instances you can run containers on linux or windows server public vm images or on a container optimized os image containers let your apps run with fewer dependencies on the host virtual machine vm and run independently from other containerized apps that you deploy to the same vm instance these characteristics make containerized apps more portable easier to deploy and easier to maintain at scale this document describes some of the more common container technologies that you can use to run containers on compute engine instances you can use these technologies on most of the public vm images that compute engine provides run containers on compute engine when you need complete control over your container environment and your container orchestration tools caution the container startup agent that deploys containers on vms during vm creation is deprecated use the docker run commands in a startup script or use the cloud init tool to configure and to run containers on your vms and migs for more information see migrate containers that were deployed on vms during vm creation alternatively you can use google kubernetes engine gke to simplify cluster management and container orchestration tasks so that you don t need to manage the underlying vm instances gke provides a managed environment for deploying managing and scaling your containerized applications using google infrastructure the gke environment consists of multiple machines specifically compute engine instances grouped together to form a cluster when you run a gke cluster you gain the benefit of advanced cluster management features such as load balancing node pools node auto repair automatic scaling and upgrades and logging and monitoring that google cloud provides learn how to create a gke cluster with node pools running microsoft windows server try it for yourself if you re new to google cloud create an account to evaluate how compute engine performs in real world scenarios new customers also get 300 in free credits to run test and deploy workloads try compute engine free container technologies that run on compute engine in general compute engine instances can run almost any container technology or tool you can run several different types of containers on modern linux operating systems you can also run docker on windows server 2016 or later the following list includes several common tools that you can use to run and manage containerized apps docker and podman are two popular container technologies that let you run containerized apps kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that you can use to manage and scale your running containers across multiple instances or within a hybrid cloud environment containers on compute engine provide an easy way to deploy containers to compute engine vm instances or managed instance groups you can convert your existing systems into lxd images and run them within compute engine vm instances for a lift and shift migration solution lxd runs on ubuntu images additionally you can use artifact registry to manage container image versions artifact registry serves as a central location to store and manage your container images before you deploy those images to kubernetes on compute engine or to google kubernetes engine clusters container optimized vm images compute engine provides several public vm images that you can use to create instances and run your container workloads some of these public vm images have a minimalistic container optimized operating system that includes newer versions of docker podman or kubernetes preinstalled the following public image families are designed specifically to run containers container optimized os from google includes docker kubernetes image project cos cloud image family cos stable fedora coreos includes podman docker image project fedora coreos cloud image family fedora coreos stable ubuntu includes lxd image project ubuntu os cloud image family ubuntu 2004 lts if you need to run specific container tools and technologies on images that do not include them by default install those technologies manually installing container technologies on your instances to launch a single container on an instance you can specify a container image when you create an instance compute engine automatically supplies an up to date container optimized os image with docker installed and launches your container when the vm starts up for more information see deploying containers on vms caution the container startup agent that deploys containers on vms during vm creation is deprecated use the docker run commands in a startup script or use the cloud init tool to configure and to run containers on your vms and migs for more information see migrate containers that were deployed on vms during vm creation alternatively you can run your container workloads on compute engine using whatever container technologies and orchestration tools that you need you can create an instance from a public vm image and then install the container technologies that you want for example install docker on compute engine instances so that you can run your docker container images on those instances install docker on linux instances install docker on windows server instances install podman on compute engine instances as an alternative to the docker container runtime install kubernetes on your instances to provide container orchestration for both docker and open container initiative oci containers in some situations you might require specific versions of these technologies to ensure that they operate together correctly for example kubernetes usually runs best with specific versions of docker typically you can install the latest versions of these technologies for the best result installing docker on windows server images windows server 2016 and later versions include container support if you plan to run docker containers on a windows server instance you can either install docker on a windows server base image or use marketplace images from mirantis if you want to install docker ce on the windows server base image then follow the steps outlined below start by creating a windows server instance using a windows server 2019 or later public image for the best container support we recommend that you use the most recent ltsc version of windows server for more information about ltsc see windows server servicing channels install docker install docker on windows for more information see prep windows for containers restart the instance after the installation is complete additional setup steps at this point you can use docker to run containers in the instance for example the following command downloads the windows nanoserver container image and runs a command prompt inside a nanoserver container ps c docker run it mcr microsoft com windows nanoserver 1809 cmd exe note vpc networks have a default maximum transmission unit mtu of 1460 bytes however the network mtu can be set to the standard ethernet mtu of 1500 bytes up to 8896 bytes for jumbo frames or as low as 1300 for more information about network mtus see the maximum transmission unit overview docker s default network mtu is 1500 bytes if you have configured your vpc network mtu to 1500 bytes as well you can ignore the rest of this section however if you are using the default vpc mtu of 1460 bytes in your network you have to do some additional configuration on each instance set the mtu for all network interfaces both ethernet and vethernet to 1460 by running the following commands in a powershell terminal on each instance ps c get netadapter where object name like ethernet foreach object netsh interface ipv4 set subinterface _ interfaceindex mtu 1460 store persistent ps c netsh interface ipv4 show subinterfaces mtu mediasensestate bytes in bytes out interface 4294967295 1 0 0 loopback pseudo interface 1 1460 1 306804 668688 ethernet 1460 1 0 1282 vethernet nat even after changing the instance s mtu connectivity from containers to the internet might be unstable because by default the container s network interface also uses an mtu of 1500 for commands to set the mtu correctly for every container see the container mtu section you might need to periodically re execute these mtu commands as you configure docker networking for full details see the known issues section running windows containers there are many resources available for getting started with windows containers microsoft provides extensive windows containers documentation docker hub can be used as a repository for storing and pulling windows containers note as of november 1 2020 docker hub rate limits apply to unauthenticated or authenticated pull requests on the docker free plan to avoid disruptions and have greater control over your software supply chain you can migrate your dependencies to artifact registry known issues with windows containers deprecation of windows server 2019 for containers images google offered a windows server image family with the mirantis container runtime previously docker ee pre installed windows includes docker image project windows cloud image family windows 2019 core for containers in early 2023 microsoft ceased distributing and supporting the mirantis container runtime for windows server while google was able to continue publishing this image family until october 30 2023 the image family is now deprecated and all images within the family have been marked obsolete virtual machines based on these images created prior to october 30 2023 will continue to run without interruption however instance creation for new instances based on these images will fail after that date custom images derived from these images prior to october 30 2023 will continue to function however custom images will not automatically receive any patch tuesday windows updates nor will they receive updated versions of the mirantis container runtime if you want to continue using images with the mirantis container runtime pre installed mirantis inc offers images on google cloud marketplace the cost of these vm images includes support and licensing for mirantis container runtime directly from mirantis customers interested in using the standalone mirantis container runtime can also download it directly from the mirantis website if you want to migrate to an alternative container runtime like docker ce please follow the instructions above containers are i...
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