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quasi perfect equilibrium wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 mertens voting game 2 references toggle the table of contents quasi perfect equilibrium 2 languages español 日本語 edit links article talk english read edit view history save tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history save general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia solution concept in game theory quasi perfect equilibrium solution concept in game theory relationship subset of sequential equilibrium normal form trembling hand perfect equilibrium significance proposed by eric van damme used for extensive form games example mertens voting game quasi perfect equilibrium is a refinement of nash equilibrium for extensive form games due to eric van damme 1 informally a player playing by a strategy from a quasi perfect equilibrium takes observed as well as potential future mistakes of his opponents into account but assumes that he himself will not make a mistake in the future even if he observes that he has done so in the past quasi perfect equilibrium is a further refinement of sequential equilibrium it is itself refined by normal form proper equilibrium mertens voting game edit it has been argued by jean françois mertens 2 that quasi perfect equilibrium is superior to reinhard selten s notion of extensive form trembling hand perfect equilibrium as a quasi perfect equilibrium is guaranteed to describe admissible behavior in contrast for a certain two player voting game no extensive form trembling hand perfect equilibrium describes admissible behavior for both players the voting game suggested by mertens may be described as follows two players must elect one of them to perform an effortless task the task may be performed either correctly or incorrectly if it is performed correctly both players receive a payoff of 1 otherwise both players receive a payoff of 0 the election is by a secret vote if both players vote for the same player that player gets to perform the task if each player votes for himself the player to perform the task is chosen at random but is not told that he was elected this way finally if each player votes for the other the task is performed by somebody else with no possibility of it being performed incorrectly in the unique quasi perfect equilibrium for the game each player votes for himself and if elected performs the task correctly this is also the unique admissible behavior but in any extensive form trembling hand perfect equilibrium at least one of the players believes that he is at least as likely as the other player to tremble and perform the task incorrectly and hence votes for the other player the example illustrates that being a limit of equilibria of perturbed games an extensive form trembling hand perfect equilibrium implicitly assumes an agreement between the players about the relative magnitudes of future trembles it also illustrates that such an assumption may be unwarranted and undesirable references edit eric van damme a relationship between perfect equilibria in extensive form games and proper equilibria in normal form games international journal of game theory 13 1 13 1984 jean françois mertens two examples of strategic equilibrium games and economic behavior 8 378 388 1995 v t e game theory glossary game theorists games traditional game theory definitions asynchrony bayesian regret best response bounded rationality cheap talk coalition complete contract complete information complete mixing conjectural variation contingent cooperator coopetition cooperative game theory dynamic inconsistency escalation of commitment farsightedness game semantics hierarchy of beliefs incomplete information information set move by nature mutual knowledge non cooperative game non credible threat outcome perfect information perfect recall ply preference rationality sequential game simultaneous action selection spite strategic complements strategic dominance strategic form strategic interaction strategic move strategy subgame succinct game topological game tragedy of the commons uncorrelated asymmetry win win game zero sum game equilibrium bayes correlated berge correlated cursed epsilon gibbs equilibrium markov perfect mertens stable nash strong coalition proof perfect bayesian program proper quantal response quasi perfect satisfaction self confirming sequential subgame perfect trembling hand perfect related backward induction bayesian efficiency bayesian game bertrand edgeworth model core edgeworth price cycle incomplete contracts inequity aversion individual rationality iterated elimination of dominated strategies open loop model pareto efficiency payoff dominance price of anarchy rational agent rationalizable strategy shapley value strategies appeasement bargaining model of war bid shading cheap talk collusion commitment device de escalation deterrence escalation fictitious play focal point grim trigger hobbesian trap markov strategy max dominated strategy mixed strategy pure strategy tit for tat win stay lose switch games all pay auction battle of the sexes nash bargaining game bertrand competition blotto game centipede game coordination game cournot competition deadlock dictator game trust game diner s dilemma dollar auction el farol bar problem electronic mail game gift exchange game guess 2 3 of the average keynesian beauty contest kuhn poker lewis signaling game matching pennies obligationes optional prisoner s dilemma pirate game prisoner s dilemma public goods game rendezvous problem rock paper scissors stackelberg competition stag hunt traveler s dilemma ultimatum game volunteer s dilemma war of attrition theorems arrow s impossibility aumann s agreement brouwer fixed point competitive altruism folk gibbard satterthwaite gibbs glicksberg s kakutani fixed point kuhn s one shot deviation prim read rational ignorance rational irrationality sperner s zermelo s subfields algorithmic behavioral behavioral strategy compositional confrontation contract theory drama theory graphical heresthetic mean field negotiation theory quantum social software key people us alvin e roth david gale drew fudenberg eric maskin harold w kuhn herbert simon herbert scarf jennifer tour chayes kenneth arrow leonid hurwicz lloyd shapley martin shubik melvin dresher merrill m flood paul milgrom peyton young robert aumann robert axelrod robert b wilson roger myerson samuel bowles suzanne scotchmer thomas schelling william vickrey albert w tucker amos tversky antoine augustin cournot ariel rubinstein david k levine david m kreps donald b gillies hervé moulin jean tirole jean françois mertens ken binmore olga bondareva oskar morgenstern reinhard selten combinatorial game theory core concepts combinatorial explosion determinacy disjunctive sum first second player win game complexity game tree impartial game misère partisan game solved game sprague grundy theorem strategy stealing argument zugzwang games chess chomp clobber cram domineering hackenbush nim notakto subtract a square sylver coinage toads and frogs math tools mex nimber on numbers and games star surreal number winning ways for your mathematical plays search algorithms alpha beta pruning expectiminimax minimax monte carlo tree search negamax paranoid principal variation key people claude shannon john conway john von neumann evolutionary game theory core concepts bishop cannings theorem evolution and the theory of games evolutionarily stable set evolutionarily stable state evolutionarily stable strategy replicator equation risk dominance stochastically stable equilibrium weak evolutionarily stable strategy games chicken stag hunt applications cultural group selection fisher s principle mobbing terminal investment hypothesis key people john maynard smith george r price william donald hamilton robert axelrod mechanism design core concepts algorithmic mechanism design bayesian optimal mechanism incentive compatibility market design myerson ironing monotonicity participation constraint revelation principle strategyproofness vickrey clarke groves mechanism virtual valuation theorems myerson satterthwaite theorem revenue equivalence border s theorem applications digital goods auction knapsack auction truthful cake cutting other topics bertrand paradox chainstore paradox computational complexity of games helly metric multi agent system ppad complete mathematics portal game theory wikiproject game theory retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title quasi perfect_equilibrium oldid 1361019001 category game theory equilibrium concepts hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata commons category link is locally defined this page was last edited on 25 june 2026 at 03 10 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents quasi perfect equilibrium 2 languages add topic
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