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history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from urban agglomeration human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment built up area redirects here for the highway code see built up area traffic management urban agglomeration redirects here for city clusters see megalopolis urbanite redirects here for the type of recycled concrete see concrete recycling skyline of seoul at night aerial view of greater adelaide the parklands serve as a barrier between the inner cbd and encompassing urban area a satellite view of the u s northeast megalopolis at night the world s most economically productive megalopolis 1 with over 50 million residents centered on new york city greater são paulo at night as seen from the international space station warsaw metropolitan area an urban area also known as a built up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment urban areas originate through urbanization and researchers categorize them as cities towns conurbations or suburbs in urbanism the term urban area contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets in urban sociology or urban anthropology it often contrasts with natural environment the development of earlier predecessors of modern urban areas during the urban revolution of the 4th millennium bc 2 led to the formation of human civilization and ultimately to modern urban planning which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources has led to a human impact on the environment recent historical growth edit earth s land use in 2019 built up area being estimated as 1 5 million square kilometers in 1950 764 million people or about 30 percent of the world s 2 5 billion people lived in urban areas in 2009 the number of people living in urban areas 3 42 billion surpassed the number living in rural areas 3 41 billion and since then the world has become more urban than rural 3 by 2014 it was 3 9 billion or about 53 percent of the world s 7 3 billion people that lived in urban areas the change was driven by a combination of increased total population and increased percent of population living in urban areas 4 this was the first time that the majority of the world s population lived in a city 5 by that time a high estimate calculated up to 3 5 million square kilometers of land was urban estimates ranging from 1 of global land area 6 7 in 2014 there were 7 3 billion people living on the planet 8 of which the global urban population comprised 3 9 billion the population division of the united nations department of economic and social affairs at that time predicted the urban population would occupy 68 of the world population by 2050 with 90 of that growth coming from africa and asia 9 globally urban areas more than doubled in size between 1992 to 2015 growing from 33 million hectares mha to 71 mha in 2015 this expansion consumed 24 mha of some of the most fertile croplands 3 3 mha of forestlands and 4 6 mha of shrubland 10 urbanization edit main article urbanization urban land area urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2025 urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization they are measured for various purposes including analyzing population density and urban sprawl urban areas are generally found in the united states canada brazil mexico argentina chile japan australia and many other countries where the urbanization rate is high unlike an urban area a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area but also intervening rural land and satellite cities that are socio economically connected to the urban area the urban area serves as the core of a metropolitan area typically by employment ties through commuting with the urban area being the primary labor market 11 the concept of an urban area as used in economic statistics should not be confused with the concept of the urban area used in road safety statistics this term was first created by geographer brian manning the last concept is also known as built up area in road safety according to the definition by the office for national statistics built up areas are defined as land which is irreversibly urban in character meaning that they are characteristic of a town or city they include areas of built up land with a minimum of 20 hectares 200 000 m 2 49 acres any areas separated by less than 200 metres of non urban space are linked to become a single built up area 12 argentina and japan are countries where the urbanization rate is over 100 while australia brazil canada chile mexico and the united states are countries where the urbanization rate is between 80 and 90 although within the u s state of new jersey the urbanization rate is 100 13 largest urban areas edit see also list of largest cities list of largest urban areas by country and list of largest urban areas by continent there are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population the first urban population describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas as defined by the country the second measure rate of urbanization describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time according to urbanization by sovereign state article the world as a whole is 56 2 urbanized with roughly one quarter of the countries reported as greater than 80 urbanized data is taken from the u s central intelligence agency world factbook estimates from 2020 14 according to demographia these are the urban areas in the world with a population exceeding 5 000 000 as of 2025 15 urban area country region population 1 guangzhou shenzhen china 69 562 000 2 shanghai changzhou china 45 115 000 3 tokyo yokohama japan 37 325 000 4 jakarta indonesia 36 877 000 5 delhi india 33 224 000 6 mumbai india 26 237 000 7 manila philippines 25 521 000 8 dhaka bangladesh 25 305 000 9 seoul incheon south korea 23 825 000 10 mexico city mexico 23 146 802 11 cairo egypt 22 684 000 12 beijing china 22 363 000 13 são paulo brazil 21 747 000 14 karachi pakistan 21 258 000 15 kolkata india 20 327 000 16 bangkok thailand 20 284 000 17 new york united states 19 426 449 18 moscow russia 19 100 000 19 bangalore india 16 216 000 20 ho chi minh city vietnam 16 024 000 21 buenos aires argentina 15 933 000 22 lagos nigeria 15 283 000 23 johannesburg pretoria south africa 15 026 000 24 osaka kobe kyoto japan 14 998 000 25 istanbul turkey 14 749 000 26 lahore pakistan 14 256 000 27 tehran iran 14 137 000 28 kinshasa democratic republic of the congo 13 060 000 29 rio de janeiro brazil 12 546 000 30 hangzhou shaoxing china 12 422 000 31 los angeles united states 12 237 376 32 shantou jieyang china 12 187 000 33 tianjin china 12 095 000 34 chennai india 11 950 000 35 luanda angola 11 892 000 36 chongqing china 11 524 000 37 london united kingdom 11 360 000 38 paris france 11 282 000 39 lima peru 10 914 000 40 bogota colombia 10 734 000 41 hyderabad india 10 101 000 42 wuhan china 10 041 000 43 kuala lumpur malaysia 9 899 000 44 taipei taiwan 9 866 000 45 nagoya japan 9 617 000 46 nanjing china 8 929 000 47 dar es salaam tanzania 8 877 000 48 chicago united states 8 790 000 49 riyadh saudi arabia 8 589 000 50 xi an china 8 313 000 51 chengdu china 8 040 000 52 ahmedabad india 7 961 000 53 addis ababa ethiopia 7 922 000 54 shenyang fushun china 7 768 000 55 onitsha nigeria 7 756 000 56 khartoum sudan 7 677 000 57 washington baltimore united states 7 636 000 58 bandung indonesia 7 490 000 59 boston providence united states 7 375 000 60 nairobi kenya 7 264 000 61 santiago chile 7 192 000 62 baghdad iraq 7 160 000 63 hong kong hong kong 7 117 000 64 dallas fort worth united states 6 980 000 65 madrid spain 6 966 000 66 pune india 6 944 000 67 essen düsseldorf germany 6 874 000 68 zhengzhou china 6 860 000 69 surabaya indonesia 6 820 000 69 yangon myanmar 6 820 000 71 houston united states 6 804 000 72 amman jordan 6 694 000 73 quanzhou china 6 487 000 74 abidjan ivory coast 6 461 000 75 toronto canada 6 400 000 76 san francisco united states 6 376 000 77 accra ghana 5 785 000 78 surat india 6 601 000 79 xiamen zhangzhou china 6 237 000 80 miami united states 6 129 000 81 singapore singapore 6 056 000 82 kabul afghanistan 6 009 000 83 alexandria egypt 5 916 000 84 hefei china 5 875 000 85 st petersburg russia 5 869 000 86 qingdao china 5 806 000 87 hanoi vietnam 5 700 000 88 philadelphia united states 5 697 000 89 faisalabad pakistan 5 650 000 90 ankara turkey 5 638 000 91 milan italy 5 631 000 92 atlanta united states 5 495 000 93 barcelona spain 5 489 000 94 jiddah saudi arabia 5 482 000 95 taiyuan china 5 371 000 96 belo horizonte brazil 5 368 000 97 mashhad iran 5 321 000 98 rawalpindi islamabad pakistan 5 203 000 99 kumasi ghana 5 192 000 100 melbourne australia 5 185 000 101 dubai united arab emirates 5 097 000 102 yaounde cameroon 5 095 000 103 kampala uganda 5 074 000 104 sydney australia 5 037 000 definitions edit presently urban data are based on arbitrary definitions that vary from country to country and from year or census to the next making them difficult to compare the un publishes data on cities urban areas and rural areas but relies almost entirely on national definitions of these areas the un principles and recommendations state that due to different characteristics of urban and rural areas across the globe a global definition is not possible 16 european countries which define urbanized areas on the basis of urban type land use not allowing any gaps of typically more than 200 metres 220 yd and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area in less developed countries which in addition to land use and density requirements a requirement that a large majority of the population typically 75 is not engaged in agriculture and or fishing is sometimes used citation needed by region edit africa edit south africa edit cape town south africa s second largest metro by population south africa has eight metro areas metropolitan municipalities category a municipalities as defined in sa are the most developed areas of the country and execute all the functions of local government for a city or conurbation they are created by provincial governments 17 as per the country s 2022 census data south africa has five metros major urban areas with a population of over four million residents with the other three having a population of around one million the country s three branches of government are split over different cities cape town is the legislative capital pretoria the administrative capital and bloemfontein the judicial capital the table below shows all south african metro areas ranked by population size name province seat of government population 2022 18 area km 2 19 pop density per km 2 city of johannesburg metropolitan municipality gauteng johannesburg 4 803 262 1 645 2 924 city of cape town metropolitan municipality western cape cape town 4 772 864 2 446 1 956 ethekwini metropolitan municipality kwazulu natal durban 4 239 901 2 556 1 659 city of ekurhuleni metropolitan municipality gauteng germiston 4 066 691 1 975 2 058 city of tshwane metropolitan municipality gauteng pretoria 4 040 315 6 298 642 nelson mandela bay metropolitan municipality eastern cape gqeberha 1 190 496 1 957 608 buffalo city metropolitan municipality eastern cape east london 975 255 2 750 354 mangaung metropolitan municipality free state bloemfontein 811 431 9 886 82 asia edit east asia edit china edit main article list of cities in china by population since 2000 china s cities have expanded at an average rate of 10 annually it is estimated that china s urban population will increase by 292 million people by 2050 4 when its cities will house a combined population of over one billion 20 the country s urbanization rate increased from 17 4 to 46 6 between 1978 and 2009 21 between 150 and 200 million migrant workers work part time in the major cities returning home to the countryside periodically with their earnings 22 23 china has more cities with one million or more long term residents than any other country including the three global cities of beijing hong kong and shanghai by 2025 the country will be home to 221 cities with over a million inhabitants 20 the figures in the table below are from the 2008 census and are only estimates of the urban populations within administrative city limits a different ranking exists when considering the total municipal populations which includes suburban and rural populations the large floating populations of migrant workers make conducting censuses in urban areas difficult 24 the figures below include only long term residents panoramic view of pudong s skyline from the bund in shanghai v t e largest cities or municipalities in china china urban construction statistical yearbook 2020 urban population and urban temporary population 25 note 1 note 2 rank name province pop rank name province pop 1 shanghai sh 24 281 400 11 hong kong hk 7 448 900 2 beijing bj 19 164 000 12 zhengzhou ha 7 179 400 3 guangzhou gd 13 858 700 13 nanjing js 6 823 500 4 shenzhen gd 13 438 800 14 xi an sn 6 642 100 5 tianjin tj 11 744 400 15 jinan sd 6 409 600 6 chongqing cq 11 488 000 16 shenyang ln 5 900 000 7 dongguan gd 9 752 500 17 qingdao sd 5 501 400 8 chengdu sc 8 875 600 18 harbin hl 5 054 500 9 wuhan hb 8 652 900 19 hefei ah 4 750 100 10 hangzhou zj 8 109 000 20 changchun jl 4 730 900 population of hong kong as of 2018 estimate 26 the data for chongqing refers to its metropolitan developed economic area excluding outlying counties of the larger municipality 27 japan edit in japan urbanized areas are defined as contiguous areas of densely inhabited districts dids using census enumeration districts as units with a density requirement of 4 000 inhabitants per square kilometre 10 000 sq mi south korea edit seoul is the largest urban area in south korea taiwan edit greater taipei is the largest urban area in taiwan south asia edit bangladesh edit in bangladesh there are total 532 urban areas which are divided into three categories those are city corporation municipal corporation pourasova and upazila town among those urban areas dhaka is the largest city by population and area with a population of 19 10 million 28 in bangladesh there are total 11 city corporations and 329 municipal corporations and 203 small towns which serves as the center for upazilas according to 2011 population census bangladesh has an urban population of 28 with a growth rate of 2 8 29 at this growth rate it is estimated that the urban population of bangladesh will reach 79 million or 42 of total population by 2035 ind...
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