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description= Set up an internal passthrough Network Load Balancer with VM instance group backends;
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ntact the load balancer using its service name curl http web test fr ilb il4 us west1 lb project_id internal ping the load balancer s ip address this test demonstrates an expected behavior you cannot ping the ip address of the load balancer this is because internal passthrough network load balancers are implemented in virtual network programming they are not separate devices connect to the client vm instance gcloud compute ssh vm client zone us west1 a attempt to ping the ip address of the load balancer notice that you don t get a response and that the ping command times out after 10 seconds in this example timeout 10 ping 10 1 2 99 send requests from load balanced vms this test demonstrates that when a backend vm sends packets to the ip address of its load balancer s forwarding rule those requests are routed back to itself this is the case regardless of the backend vm s health check state internal passthrough network load balancers are implemented by using virtual network programming and vm configuration in the guest os on linux vms the guest environment creates a route for the load balancer s ip address in the operating system s local routing table because this local route is within the vm itself not a route in the vpc network packets sent to the load balancer s ip address are not processed by the vpc network instead packets sent to the load balancer s ip address remain within the operating system of the vm connect to a backend vm such as vm a1 gcloud compute ssh vm a1 zone us west1 a important you won t be able to connect to a backend vm in this way if you have removed its external ip address for connection options if your backend vms don t have external ip addresses see choose a connection option for internal only vms make a web request to the load balancer by ip address or service name using curl the response comes from the same backend vm that makes the request repeated requests are answered in the same way the expected response when testing from vm a1 is always page served from vm a1 curl http 10 1 2 99 inspect the local routing table looking for a destination that matches the ip address of the load balancer itself 10 1 2 99 this route is a necessary part of an internal passthrough network load balancer but it also demonstrates why a request from a vm behind the load balancer is always responded to by the same vm ip route show table local grep 10 1 2 99 when a backend vm for an internal passthrough network load balancer sends packets to the load balancer s forwarding rule ip address the packets are always routed back to the vm that makes the request this is because an internal passthrough network load balancer is a pass through load balancer and is implemented by creating a local route for the load balancer s ip address within the vm s guest os as indicated in this section if you have a use case where load balanced backends need to send tcp traffic to the load balancer s ip address and you need the traffic to be distributed as if it originated from a non load balanced backend consider using a regional internal proxy network load balancer instead for more information see internal passthrough network load balancers as next hops set up load balancer with dual stack subnets and backends this document shows you how to configure and test an internal passthrough network load balancer that supports both ipv4 and ipv6 traffic the steps in this section describe how to configure the following the example on this page uses a custom mode vpc network named lb network dual stack ipv6 traffic requires a custom mode subnet a dual stack subnet stack type set to ipv4_ipv6 which is required for ipv6 traffic when you create a dual stack subnet on a custom mode vpc network you choose an ipv6 access type for the subnet for this example we set the subnet s ipv6 access type parameter to internal this means new vms on this subnet can be assigned both internal ipv4 addresses and internal ipv6 addresses for instructions see vpc documentation about adding a dual stack subnet firewall rules that allow incoming connections to backend vms the backend instance group which is located in the following region and subnet for this example region us west1 subnet lb subnet with primary ipv4 address range 10 1 2 0 24 although you choose which ipv4 address range to configure on the subnet the ipv6 address range is assigned automatically google provides a fixed size 64 ipv6 cidr block four backend dual stack vms two vms in an unmanaged instance group in zone us west1 a and two vms in an unmanaged instance group in zone us west1 c to demonstrate global access this example creates a second test client vm in a different region and subnet region europe west1 subnet europe subnet with primary ip address range 10 3 4 0 24 one client vm to test connections the following internal passthrough network load balancer components a health check for the backend service an internal backend service in the us west1 region to manage connection distribution to the two zonal instance groups two internal forwarding rules for the frontend of the load balancer the following diagram shows the architecture for this example internal passthrough network load balancer example configuration click to enlarge note for simplicity this example uses unmanaged instance groups in production consider using a managed instance group as illustrated in managed instance groups configure a network region and subnet the example internal passthrough network load balancer described on this page is created in a custom mode vpc network named lb network dual stack to configure subnets with internal ipv6 ranges enable a vpc network ula internal ipv6 range internal ipv6 subnet ranges are allocated from this range console in the google cloud console go to the vpc networks page go to vpc networks click add_box create vpc network for name enter lb network dual stack if you want to configure internal ipv6 address ranges on subnets in this network complete these steps for private ipv6 address settings select configure a ula internal ipv6 range for this vpc network for allocate internal ipv6 range select automatically or manually if you select manually enter a 48 range from within the fd20 20 range if the range is in use you are prompted to provide a different range for subnet creation mode select custom in the new subnet section specify the following configuration parameters for a subnet name lb subnet region us west1 ip stack type ipv4 and ipv6 dual stack ipv4 range 10 1 2 0 24 ipv6 access type internal click done click add subnet and enter the following information name europe subnet region europe west1 ip stack type ipv4 single stack ip address range 10 3 4 0 24 click done click create gcloud to create a new custom mode vpc network run the gcloud compute networks create command to configure internal ipv6 ranges on any subnets in this network use the enable ula internal ipv6 flag this option assigns a 48 ula prefix from within the fd20 20 range used by google cloud for internal ipv6 subnet ranges if you want to select the 48 ipv6 range that is assigned use the internal ipv6 range flag to specify a range gcloud compute networks create lb network dual stack subnet mode custom enable ula internal ipv6 internal ipv6 range ula_ipv6_range bgp routing mode regional replace ula_ipv6_range with a 48 prefix from within the fd20 20 range used by google for internal ipv6 subnet ranges if you don t use the internal ipv6 range flag google selects a 48 prefix for the network such as fd20 bc7 9a1c 48 within the network network create a subnet for backends in the us west1 region and another subnet for testing global access in the europe west1 region to create the subnets run the gcloud compute networks subnets create command gcloud compute networks subnets create lb subnet network lb network dual stack range 10 1 2 0 24 region us west1 stack type ipv4_ipv6 ipv6 access type internal gcloud compute networks subnets create europe subnet network lb network dual stack range 10 3 4 0 24 region europe west1 stack type ipv4_ipv6 ipv6 access type internal api create a new custom mode vpc network to configure internal ipv6 ranges on any subnets in this network set enableulainternalipv6 to true this option assigns a 48 range from within the fd20 20 range used by google for internal ipv6 subnet ranges if you want to select which 48 ipv6 range that is assigned also use the internalipv6range field to specify a range post https compute googleapis com compute v1 projects project_id global networks autocreatesubnetworks false name lb network dual stack mtu mtu enableulainternalipv6 true internalipv6range ula_ipv6_range routingconfig routingmode dynamic_routing_mode replace the following project_id the id of the project where the vpc network is created mtu the maximum transmission unit of the network mtu can either be 1460 default or 1500 review the maximum transmission unit overview before setting the mtu to 1500 ula_ipv6_range a 48 prefix from within the fd20 20 range used by google for internal ipv6 subnet ranges if you don t provide a value for internalipv6range google selects a 48 prefix for the network dynamic_routing_mode either global or regional to control the route advertisement behavior of cloud routers in the network for more information refer to dynamic routing mode for more information refer to the networks insert method make two post requests to the subnetworks insert method post https compute googleapis com compute v1 projects project_id regions region subnetworks ipcidrrange 10 1 2 0 24 network lb network dual stack name lb subnet stacktype ipv4_ipv6 ipv6accesstype internal post https compute googleapis com compute v1 projects project_id regions region subnetworks ipcidrrange 10 3 4 0 24 network lb network dual stack name europe subnet stacktype ipv4_ipv6 ipv6accesstype internal configure firewall rules this example uses the following firewall rules fw allow lb access an ingress rule applicable to all targets in the vpc network that allows traffic from sources in the 10 1 2 0 24 and 10 3 4 0 24 ranges this rule allows incoming traffic from any client located in either of the two subnets later you can configure and test global access fw allow lb access ipv6 an ingress rule applicable to all targets in the vpc network that allows traffic from sources in the ipv6 range configured in the subnet this rule allows incoming ipv6 traffic from any client located in either of the two subnets later you can configure and test global access fw allow ssh an ingress rule applicable to the instances being load balanced that allows incoming ssh connectivity on tcp port 22 from any address you can choose a more restrictive source ip range for this rule for example you can specify just the ip ranges of the system from which you initiate ssh sessions this example uses the target tag allow ssh to identify the vms to which it should apply fw allow health check an ingress rule applicable to the instances being load balanced that allows traffic from the google cloud health check probe ranges this example uses the target tag allow health check to identify the instances to which it should apply fw allow health check ipv6 an ingress rule applicable to the instances being load balanced that allows traffic from the google cloud health check probe ranges this example uses the target tag allow health check ipv6 to identify the instances to which it should apply without these firewall rules the default deny ingress rule blocks incoming traffic to the backend instances note you must create a firewall rule to allow health checks from the ip ranges of google cloud probe systems see probe ip ranges for more information console in the google cloud console go to the firewall policies page go to firewall policies to create the rule to allow subnet traffic click create firewall rule and enter the following information name fw allow lb access network lb network dual stack priority 1000 direction of traffic ingress action on match allow targets all instances in the network source filter ipv4 ranges source ipv4 ranges 10 1 2 0 24 and 10 3 4 0 24 protocols and ports allow all click create to allow ipv6 subnet traffic click create firewall rule again and enter the following information name fw allow lb access ipv6 network lb network dual stack priority 1000 direction of traffic ingress action on match allow targets all instances in the network source filter ipv6 ranges source ipv6 ranges ipv6_address assigned in the lb subnet protocols and ports allow all click create to allow incoming ssh connections click create firewall rule again and enter the following information name fw allow ssh network lb network dual stack priority 1000 direction of traffic ingress action on match allow targets specified target tags target tags allow ssh source filter ipv4 ranges source ipv4 ranges 0 0 0 0 0 protocols and ports select specified protocols and ports select the tcp checkbox and then enter 22 in ports click create to allow google cloud ipv6 health checks click create firewall rule again and enter the following information name fw allow health check ipv6 network lb network dual stack priority 1000 direction of traffic ingress action on match allow targets specified target tags target tags allow health check ipv6 source filter ipv6 ranges source ipv6 ranges 2600 2d00 1 b029 64 protocols and ports allow all click create to allow google cloud health checks click create firewall rule again and enter the following information name fw allow health check network lb network dual stack priority 1000 direction of traffic ingress action on match allow targets specified target tags target tags allow health check source filter ipv4 ranges source ipv4 ranges 35 191 0 0 16 130 211 0 0 22 protocols and ports allow all click create gcloud create the fw allow lb access firewall rule to allow communication with the subnet gcloud compute firewall rules create fw allow lb access network lb network dual stack action allow direction ingress source ranges 10 1 2 0 24 10 3 4 0 24 rules all create the fw allow lb access ipv6 firewall rule to allow communication with the subnet gcloud compute firewall rules create fw allow lb access ipv6 network lb network dual stack action allow direction ingress source ranges ipv6_address rules all replace ipv6_address with the ipv6 address assigned in the lb subnet create the fw allow ssh firewall rule to allow ssh connectivity to vms with the network tag allow ssh when you omit source ranges google cloud interprets the rule to mean any source gcloud compute firewall rules create fw allow ssh network lb network dual stack action allow direction ingress target tags allow ssh rules tcp 22 create the fw allow health check ipv6 rule to allow google cloud ipv6 health checks gcloud compute firewall rules create fw allow health check ipv6 network lb network dual stack action allow direction ingress target tags allow health check ipv6 source ranges 2600 2d00 1 b029 64 rule...
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