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te this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia american businessman 1891 1971 david sarnoff sarnoff in 1922 born 1891 02 27 february 27 1891 uzlian russian empire died december 12 1971 1971 12 12 aged 80 new york city u s citizenship united states years active 1919 1970 employers marconi wireless company radio corporation of america board member of rockefeller brothers fund spouse lizette hermant m 1917 children 3 including robert w sarnoff relatives eugene lyons bernie privin richard baer bruce j oreck awards junior achievement us business hall of fame national association of broadcasters hall of fame distinguished service award television hall of fame posthumously radio hall of fame posthumously 1 new jersey hall of fame posthumously military career branch united states army service years 1941 1945 rank brigadier general 2 nickname the general unit army signal corps conflicts world war ii awards knight of the cross of lorraine france 3 companion of the resistance france 3 legion of merit david sarnoff february 27 1891 december 12 1971 was an american businessman who played an important role in the american history of radio broadcasting and television he led the radio corporation of america rca for most of his career in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970 he headed a conglomerate of telecommunications and media companies including rca and nbc that became one of the largest in the world named a reserve brigadier general of the signal corps in 1945 sarnoff thereafter insisted on being called the general and addressed as general sarnoff 3 early life and career edit david sarnoff was born to a jewish family in uzlian a small town in minsk governorate russian empire present day belarus 4 the son of abraham sarnoff and leah privin abraham emigrated to the united states and raised funds to bring the family sarnoff spent much of his early childhood in a cheder or yeshiva studying and memorizing the torah he emigrated with his mother and three brothers and one sister to new york city in 1900 at the age of 9 where he helped support his family by selling newspapers before and after his classes at the educational alliance in 1906 when he was 15 years his father became incapacitated by tuberculosis and sarnoff went to work to support the family 5 he had planned to pursue a full time career in the newspaper business but a chance encounter led to a position as an office boy at the commercial cable company when his superior refused him leave for rosh hashanah he quit to join the marconi wireless telegraph company of america on september 30 1906 and started a career of over 60 years in electronic communications over the next 13 years sarnoff rose from office boy to commercial manager of the company learning about the technology and the business of electronic communications on the job and in libraries he also served at marconi stations on ships and posts on siasconset nantucket and the new york wanamaker department store in 1911 he installed and operated the wireless equipment on a ship hunting seals off newfoundland and labrador and used the technology to relay the first remote medical diagnosis from the ship s doctor to a radio operator at belle isle with an infected tooth the following year he led two other operators at the wanamaker station in an effort to confirm the fate of the titanic 1 always the self promoter sarnoff later exaggerated his role as the sole hero who stayed by his telegraph key for three days to receive information on the titanic s survivors 5 6 schwartz questions whether sarnoff who was a manager of the telegraphers by the time of the disaster was working the key although that brushes aside concerns about corporate hierarchy the event began on a sunday when the store would have been closed 7 over the next two years sarnoff earned promotions to chief inspector and contracts manager for a company whose revenues swelled after congress passed legislation mandating continuous staffing of commercial shipboard radio stations that same year marconi won a patent suit that gave it the coastal stations of the united wireless telegraph company sarnoff also demonstrated the first use of radio on a railroad line the lackawanna railroad company s link between binghamton new york and scranton pennsylvania and permitted and observed edwin armstrong s demonstration of his regenerative receiver at the marconi station at belmar new jersey sarnoff used h j round s hydrogen arc transmitter to demonstrate the broadcast of music from the new york wanamaker station this demonstration and the at t demonstrations in 1915 of long distance wireless telephony inspired the first of many memos to his superiors on applications of current and future radio technologies sometime late in 1915 or in 1916 he proposed to the company s president edward j nally that the company develop a radio music box for the amateur market of radio enthusiasts 6 8 nally deferred on the proposal because of the expanded volume of business during world war i throughout the war years sarnoff remained marconi s commercial manager 3 including oversight of the company s factory in roselle park new jersey business career edit rca edit sarnoff front row second from left with albert einstein and other noted scientists and engineers on a tour of the rca wireless station in new brunswick new jersey in 1921 charles proteus steinmetz is next to einstein unlike many who were involved with early radio communications who often viewed radio as point to point sarnoff saw the potential of radio as point to mass one person the broadcaster could speak to many the listeners when owen d young of general electric arranged the purchase of american marconi and reorganized it as the radio corporation of america a radio patent monopoly sarnoff realized his dream and revived his proposal in a lengthy memo on the company s business and prospects although his superiors again ignored him he contributed to the rising postwar radio boom by helping arrange for the broadcast of a heavyweight boxing match between jack dempsey and georges carpentier in july 1921 with sarnoff as one of announcers up to 300 000 people listened to the broadcast of the fight and demand for home radio equipment bloomed that winter 9 by the spring of 1922 sarnoff s prediction of popular demand for radio broadcasting had come to pass and over the next few years he gained much stature and influence in 1926 rca purchased from at t its recently formed broadcasting company of america subsidiary which included its new york city station weaf and associated weaf chain network operations this was reorganized to launch the national broadcasting company nbc the first national radio network in america four years later sarnoff became president of rca nbc had by that time split into two networks the red and the blue the blue network eventually became abc radio 1 sarnoff is often inaccurately referred to as the founder of both rca and nbc but he was in fact founder of only nbc 5 sarnoff was instrumental in building and establishing the am broadcasting radio business that became the preeminent public radio standard for the majority of the 20th century rca stock price manipulation edit via the pecora commission congressional investigations revealed that when sarnoff was in charge of the rca he participated in pool operations market manipulation of rca stock in one noted instance sarnoff used his housewife as a proxy in order to try and hide his involvement in the operations which were considered highly unethical even at the time using sarnoff s large sums of money and that of other leading executives of the era the pool started to artificially inflate the price of rca stock on march 12 1929 and concluded operations seven calendar days later this short market manipulation netted the pool a gross profit of 5 563 198 48 105 198 447 02 in may 2025 sarnoff s actions and similar ones of other leading executives at the time led to public and congressional outcry and stricter securities related regulations 10 rko edit sarnoff negotiated successful contracts to form radio keith orpheum rko a film production and distribution company 5 essential elements in that new company were rca the film booking offices of america fbo and the keith albee orpheum kao theater chain 11 early history of television edit sarnoff with the first rca videotape recorder in 1954 when sarnoff was put in charge of radio broadcasting at rca he soon recognized the potential for television i e the combination of motion pictures with electronic transmission schemes for television had long been proposed well before world war i but with no practical outcome sarnoff was determined to lead his company in pioneering the medium and met with westinghouse engineer vladimir zworykin in 1928 at the time zworykin was attempting to develop an all electronic television system at westinghouse but with little success zworykin had visited the laboratory of the inventor philo t farnsworth who had developed an image dissector part of a system that could enable a working television zworykin was sufficiently impressed with farnsworth s invention that he had his team at westinghouse make several copies of the device for experimentation 12 zworykin pitched the concept to sarnoff claiming a viable television system could be realized in two years with a mere 100 000 investment sarnoff opted to fund zworkyin s research most likely well aware that zworykin was underestimating the scope of his television effort seven years later in late 1935 zworykin s photograph appeared on the cover of the trade journal electronics holding an early rca photomultiplier prototype the photomultiplier subject of intensive research at rca and in leningrad russia would become an essential component within sensitive television cameras on april 24 1936 rca demonstrated to the press a working iconoscope camera tube and kinescope receiver display tube an early cathode ray tube two key components of all electronic television the final cost of the enterprise was closer to 50 million on the road to success they encountered a legal battle with farnsworth who had been granted patents in 1930 for his solution to broadcasting moving pictures despite sarnoff s efforts to prove that he was the inventor of the television he was ordered to pay farnsworth 1 000 000 in royalties a small price to settle the dispute for an invention that would profoundly revolutionize the world however this sum was never paid to farnsworth in 1929 sarnoff engineered the purchase of the victor talking machine company the nation s largest manufacturer of gramophone records and phonographs merging radio phonograph production at victor s large manufacturing facility in camden new jersey the acquisition became known as the rca victor division later rca records on january 3 1930 sarnoff became president of rca succeeding general james harbord on may 30 the company became involved in an antitrust case concerning the original radio patent pool sarnoff negotiated an outcome where rca was no longer partially owned by westinghouse and general electric giving him final say in the company s affairs initially the great depression of the early 1930s caused rca to cut costs but zworykin s project was protected after nine years of zworykin s hard work sarnoff s determination and legal battles with farnsworth in which farnsworth was proved in the right they had a commercial system ready to launch finally in april 1939 regularly scheduled electronic television in america was initiated by rca under the name of their broadcasting division at the time the national broadcasting company nbc the first television broadcast aired was the dedication of the rca pavilion at the 1939 new york world s fairgrounds and was introduced by sarnoff himself later that month on april 30 opening day ceremonies at the world s fair were telecast in the medium s first major production featuring a speech by president franklin d roosevelt the first us president to appear on television these telecasts were seen only in new york city and the immediate vicinity since nbc television had only one station at the time w2xbs channel 1 now wnbc channel 4 the broadcast was seen by an estimated 1 000 viewers from the roughly 200 television sets which existed in the new york city area at the time the standard approved by the national television system committee the ntsc in 1941 differed from rca s standard but rca quickly became the market leader of manufactured sets and nbc became the first television network in the united states connecting their new york city station to stations in philadelphia and schenectady for occasional programs in the early 1940s according to the book global communication since 1844 13 by peter j hughill sarnoff was part of a group of russian jewish scientists in the 1930s who wanted their research to advance military technology with the possibility of a forthcoming war with germany the account credited to british government scientist brian callick is supported by other contemporary evidence 14 15 the group also comprising simeon aisenstein vladimir zworykin and isaac shoenberg knew each other well from russia and saw possible military applications for their work on television the group is said to have raised one million pounds sterling about 5 million at the time from us donors the specific work took place at emi marconi in the u k and resulted in britain becoming significantly advanced in television development and able to launch a public service on 2 november 1936 the military applications helped the development of radio location later named radar in addition the design and production in quantity of television equipment and sets allowed the similar military technology cathode ray tubes vhf transmission and reception and wideband circuits to be advanced a former british defence minister lord orr ewing referred to the work in a 1979 bbc interview and stated that s how we won the battle of britain meanwhile a system developed by emi based on russian research and zworykin s work was adopted in the united kingdom and the bbc had a regular television service from 1936 onwards however world war ii put a halt to a dynamic growth of the early television development stages world war ii edit sarnoff receiving his brigadier general s star from major general harry c ingles chief signal officer of the us army at the onset of world war ii sarnoff served on eisenhower s communications staff arranging expanded radio circuits for nbc to transmit news from the invasion of france in june 1944 in france sarnoff arranged for the restoration of the radio france station in paris that the germans destroyed and oversaw the construction of a radio transmitter powerful enough to reach all of th...
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