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description= He drank from a different fountain;
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erce resistance they had put up the germans instantly imposed a terrifying and pitiless rule on the entire population which was enforced throughout the occupation on the slightest pretext or even none there were summary executions destructions of villages massacres of their inhabitants gratuitous cruelty of every kind general muller commander of the german forces was known as the butcher of crete and later executed for war crimes this was the general that paddy and my father hoped to abduct take prisoner and escort back to cairo however in march 1944 muller was temporarily replaced by general kreipe who thus became the target in the wake of the battle of crete numbers of cretan men had taken to the mountains as they had the century before when under turkish rule forming and joining bands of resistance fighters a handful of soe agents such as paddy then trickled into crete to help and organise this resistance i won t narrate the full story as many of you will have read the book or seen the film i feel i should explain though that sadly i never knew my father who died when i was a child so much of what i have to say is necessarily conjecture luckily he wrote books letters diaries i shall be quoting from the fulsome contemporaneous diary that he kept and upon which ill met by moonlight is closely based one night in early february 1944 paddy billy and two key cretan members of the team manoli and george are flown out over crete and paddy is dropped but as the plane turns to make a second drop clouds close in ever more thickly forcing the plane back to base subsequent attempts to reach crete by plane and boat are all thwarted until finally on the night of the 4 th april a small motor launch with my father on board edged towards the cretan coast in the light of the half moon the mountains loomed up large and misty white so that it seemed that we were much much closer guided slowly in by a pinprick signal of torchlight a dinghy landed him within wading distance and he was helped ashore by a score of hands my first impressions were extraordinary dark faces heavy moustaches turbaned heads black and shabby clothes tall boots a hundred voices and then i saw paddy and ran towards him i can t describe how wonderful it was to see the old son of a gun again we talked of everything and of nothing for a few moments paddy looked radiantly healthy and the sun i think it must have been the sun had darkened his face so that he looked for all the world like a smuggler of old he had to leave me then to go and see to further unloading and to get the german pows on board i saw him go off and watched him as he gave orders commanded men to do this and that i remember thinking here is the different paddy he seemed to have the whole situation at his finger tips and was capable of coping with anything i wanted to read this to you to give you a flavour of it all in the diary s words and also because of the rather english understated way my father expresses his admiration for paddy throughout the diary there never seems to be a jarring word between them rather a close understanding and uncomplicated delight in each other s company a purity somehow the beach in question had been mined with german outposts only ¾ mile to the west and one mile to the east through that night their cretan guide led them over mountains for four hours in this way and at each stage of the operation the cretans were guiding them sheltering them guarding them providing for them taking unimaginable risks for them paddy always stressed that most of those involved in the kidnap were cretan and there was no doubt of the consequences for them of being caught as for paddy and billy hitler s commando order of 1942 was clear stating all enemies on so called commando mission whether armed or unarmed in battle or in flight are to be slaughtered to the last man there were moments of hair raising danger but preparations went ahead and the kidnap took place on the evening of the 26 th april as the general was being driven from german hq to the villa ariadne his sleeping quarters in knossos paddy and billy in stolen german uniforms and their team of seven cretans waited concealed at a signal that the general s car with its unmistakeable pennants on the front was approaching one hour later than expected paddy and billy stepped into the road swinging torches the car slowed at the crossroads paddy cried halt the car stopped and they both approached it one on each side billy on the driver s side paddy questioned ist dies das general s wagen ya ya and then they tore open the doors the terrified chauffeur was reaching for his revolver billy hit him with a cosh paddy and manoli pulled the general from the front seat struggling like mad and protesting loudly he was bundled into the back and sat upon by three hefty and armed cretans while the chauffeur was taken away by the others billy jumped in behind the steering wheel and with paddy beside him now wearing the general s hat they set off paddy told the general that if he were willing to give his parole that he would neither shout nor try to escape they would treat him not as a prisoner but as one of themselves the general gave his parole immediately billy drove the car past the startled sentries waiting at the guarded villa ariadne and then through a number of checkpoints at these he slowed right down to give the sentries time to recognise the pennants before gradually accelerating smoothly past a tactic which seemed to work their route took them through the centre of heraklion where unfortunately with nerve wracking timing a garrison cinema show had just ended and spilled out its audience so that the streets were milling with scores of german soldiers and they were forced to weave through at snail s pace holding their breath and their nerve there were many more checkpoints 22 in all of which 5 were roadblocks but somehow they negotiated them all they carried on along the coastal roadand up into the mountains and here the party split so far so good together with the cretan team billy and the general set off into the mountains meanwhile paddy drove the car to a spot by the north coast where it might seem that the occupants had left it and had boarded a waiting submarine inside it he left the signed letter which he and billy had carefully composed this was addressed to the german authorities and claimed full and sole british responsibility for the abduction as well as hopefully giving the impression that the general would have already been taken off the island the reality was that having re formed the entire party would then trek over the mountains all the way across to the southern coast where hopefully there would make rendezvous with a boat to take them to cairo it had been pre arranged with hq that when news of the abduction broke the bbc and other broadcasting channels would announce that general kreipe was already on his way to cairo in fact everywhere it was announced that the general was being taken off the island this made matters for them very much worse it was responsible for the germans launching a full scale manhunt not only that but the leaflets never materialised which were supposed immediately to be dropped stating in both german and greek that the operation had been carried out by a british raiding party in this way paddy had hoped to prevent reprisals being taken on the islanders over the next 19 days the party made its way across the mountains by night taking cover in caves by day while the full scale manhunt picked up their trail and began to close in on them as billy wrote they had everything to lose but with their incredibly loyal tight knit team local lookouts and runners they just managed to keep a step ahead of the tightening circle fed and sheltered all the way without question and without fail there were of course also those whom they couldn t trust there was constant danger setbacks crises near disasters and changes of plan failed communication systems and mishaps of all kinds but finally on the night of the 15 th may paddy and billy were safely chugging their way back to cairo in the same motor launch that billy had arrived in they handed over general kreipe and their job was done general muller returned as general commander of crete and that august he issued the following order because the town of anogia is the centre of the english intelligence of crete because the people of anogia committed the murder of the sergeant commander of the yeni gave as well as of the garrison under his orders because the people of anogia carried out the sabotage of damasta because in anogia the guerrillas of the various groups of resistance take refuge and find protection and because it was through anogia that the kidnappers with general kreipe passed using anogia as a transit camp we order its complete destruction and the execution of every male person of anogia who would happen to be within the village and around it within a distance of one kilometer anogia was then obliterated several villages in the amari district were also razed that summer with inhabitants rounded up and shot there are those who said later that the success of the mission came at too high a price there were also those who had predicted such reprisals such as col sweet escott who as soe commander in the balkans had experience of them they were part of german policy widely practised and had been a ruthless feature of the occupation from its beginning others including paddy although he suffered lifelong agonies of doubt believed that the meticulous care taken to avoid involving the cretans in reprisals was in this case successful they laid the cause of the reprisals on other factors there was by this stage of 1944 the question of the germans imminent collapse and muller s strategic need to preclude attacks on his withdrawing troops this he did by crushing centres of resistance across the whole island the so called scorched earth policy because in this way ordinary german soldiers were compromised by participation in war crimes this made their surrender or desertion impossible there were also the other attacks mentioned in muller s order such as the ambush carried out at damasta and attacks on germans carried out in may by the communist elas party civil war was just over the horizon and the communist activists used such attacks on german targets as part of a cynical strategy designed to trigger a violent response it is also possible that muller reversed the lenient line which until then had been taken with regard to the bloodless kreipe operation out of straightforward revenge for he must have realised he was the original intended target then there are those perhaps especially in crete who are philosophical and stoical saying that there were several factors and that yes perhaps the abduction was one of them but that it was war whatever the opinion expressed and everyone in crete has an opinion on this desperately emotive issue it clearly meant a very great deal to people at the time that paddy and my father who were british stood shoulder to shoulder with them that they were not entirely abandoned in our time we have seen exactly this sentiment replicated in ukraine and in the midst of the humiliation of occupation this successful operation which involved so many cretans enabled a proud people to hold up their heads that is not nothing nor is it forgotten years later amongst my father s papers i found a long letter in german from a dr beutin who at the time of the kidnap had been a serving german officer on crete the letter was dated 1950 which was the year that ill met by moonlight was first published in 1993 i had it translated and shared it with paddy to his great excitement because it sheds light on the german perspective as he wrote in a letter to me it really does seem that our stratagem worked and that for a very important gap in time the contents of our letter the one left inside the general s car were believed before the enemy knew of the truth through their spies or our traitors both of course he immediately embarked on his own translation of the letter and tried to contact dr beutin only to discover that he had died some years before among dr beutin s observations paddy s translation are these general kreipe arrived in crete at the beginning of march 1944 within a few days he became highly unpopular among the men because of his pettiness and rudeness to officers as well and he introduced a tone to which the men of the division were not accustomed and which they perceived as undeserved he always grew impatient at traffic points where the rule was that every driver had to produce a movement order for every journey no exceptions to this rule were allowed even for generals but kreipe deemed this unnecessary or unbecoming in his own case and was very rude if his car was ever stopped everyone took care not to examine his car too closely so kreipe was a victim of his own disobedience to orders the soldiers were surprised but not upset that he had been abducted in some quarters it was maintained as a joke that the general had abducted himself it was much discussed in officers messes and many rakis were drunk to your health paddy s response to these comments was i think your father was a better judge of kreipe s character than i was let me explain my father was relieved that kreipe wasn t the raving nazi he might well have been and gave him credit for coping with arduous marches and hardships especially in the early part of their trek they did obtain a mule for him but he had at least one nasty fall however my father found kreipe increasingly difficult to please which put additional strain on the situation moreover one day as he perceived it he saw an ugly side to kreipe throughout the afternoon there had been the sound of explosions it was germans blowing up villages with dynamite as a reprisal for a different agent s actions the general with a grin remarked that it was so easy to kill cretans as reprisals for anything the british did my father was appalled and could never warm to him after that incident although two days later the general apologised and things carried on as before but paddy wasn t with them that day and never saw that side he saw a different side there is a famous story and it bears repeating two days after the abduction as dawn broke over snow covered mount ida or psiloritis to give it its greek name the general quietly recited vides ut alta stet nive candidum soracte you see how mt soracte stands white with deep snow the opening line of a horatian ode it was one that paddy knew he responded with the next line and carried on to the end i quote the general s blue eyes had swivelled away from the mountain top to mine and when i d finished after a long silence he said ach so herr major it was very strange as though for a long moment the war had ceased to exist we had both drunk at the same fountains long before and things were different between u...
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