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plane was shot at we would take out all the sams and anti aircraft and that would almost surely be followed by an invasion 150 drafting response this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2017 learn how and when to remove this message emissaries sent by both kennedy and khrushchev agreed to meet at the yenching palace chinese restaurant in the cleveland park neighbourhood of washington dc on saturday evening 27 october 151 kennedy suggested taking khrushchev s offer to trade away the missiles unknown to most members of the excomm but with the support of his brother the president robert kennedy had been meeting the soviet ambassador dobrynin in washington to discover whether the intentions were genuine 152 the excomm was against the proposal because it would undermine nato s authority and the turkish government had repeatedly stated that it was against any such trade as the meeting progressed a new plan emerged and kennedy was slowly persuaded the new plan called for him to ignore the latest message and instead to return to khrushchev s earlier one kennedy was initially hesitant feeling that khrushchev would no longer accept the deal because a new one had been offered but llewellyn thompson argued that it was still possible 97 135 56 white house special counsel and adviser ted sorensen and robert kennedy left the meeting and returned 45 minutes later with a draft letter to that effect the president made several changes had it typed and sent it after the excomm meeting a smaller meeting continued in the oval office the group argued that the letter should be underscored with an oral message to dobrynin that stated that if the missiles were not withdrawn military action would be used to remove them rusk added one proviso that no part of the language of the deal would mention turkey but there would be an understanding that the missiles would be removed voluntarily in the immediate aftermath the president agreed and the message was sent excomm meeting in the white house cabinet room with president kennedy robert mcnamara and dean rusk in attendance 29 october 1962 at rusk s request fomin and scali met again scali asked why the two letters from khrushchev were so different and fomin claimed it was because of poor communications scali replied that the claim was not credible and shouted that he thought it was a stinking double cross he went on to claim that an invasion was only hours away and fomin stated that a response to the us message was expected from khrushchev shortly and urged scali to tell the state department that no treachery was intended scali said that he did not think anyone would believe him but he agreed to deliver the message the two went their separate ways and scali immediately typed out a memo for the excomm 153 within the us establishment it was understood that ignoring the second offer and returning to the first put khrushchev in a terrible position military preparations continued and all active duty air force personnel were recalled to their bases for possible action robert kennedy later recalled the mood we had not abandoned all hope but what hope there was now rested with khrushchev s revising his course within the next few hours it was a hope not an expectation the expectation was military confrontation by tuesday 30 october and possibly tomorrow 29 october 153 at 8 05 pm edt the letter drafted earlier in the day was delivered the message read as i read your letter the key elements of your proposals which seem generally acceptable as i understand them are as follows 1 you would agree to remove these weapons systems from cuba under appropriate united nations observation and supervision and undertake with suitable safe guards to halt the further introduction of such weapon systems into cuba 2 we on our part would agree upon the establishment of adequate arrangements through the united nations to ensure the carrying out and continuation of these commitments a to remove promptly the quarantine measures now in effect and b to give assurances against the invasion of cuba the letter was also released directly to the press to ensure it could not be delayed 154 with the letter delivered a deal was on the table as robert kennedy noted there was little expectation it would be accepted at 9 00 pm edt the excomm met again to review the actions for the following day plans were drawn up for air strikes on the missile sites as well as other economic targets notably petroleum storage mcnamara stated that they had to have two things ready a government for cuba because we re going to need one and secondly plans for how to respond to the soviet union in europe because sure as hell they re going to do something there 155 at 12 12 am edt on 27 october the us informed its nato allies that the situation is growing shorter the united states may find it necessary within a very short time in its interest and that of its fellow nations in the western hemisphere to take whatever military action may be necessary to add to the concern at 6 00 am the cia reported that all missiles in cuba were ready for action a us navy hss 1 seabat helicopter hovers over soviet submarine b 59 driven to the surface by us naval forces in the caribbean near cuba 28 or 29 october 1962 on 27 october khrushchev also received a letter from castro what is now known as the armageddon letter dated the day before which urged the use of nuclear force in the event of an attack on cuba 156 i believe the imperialists aggressiveness is extremely dangerous and if they actually carry out the brutal act of invading cuba in violation of international law and morality that would be the moment to eliminate such danger forever through an act of clear legitimate defense however harsh and terrible the solution would be castro wrote 157 averted nuclear launch further information list of nuclear close calls 27 october 1962 later that same day what the white house later called black saturday the us navy dropped a series of signalling depth charges practice depth charges the size of hand grenades 158 on a soviet submarine b 59 at the blockade line unaware that it was armed with a nuclear tipped torpedo that could be launched if the submarine was damaged by depth charges or surface fire 159 the submarine was too deep to monitor radio traffic 160 161 and the captain of the b 59 valentin grigoryevich savitsky assuming after live ammunition fire at his submarine that a war had started proposed to launch the nuclear torpedo at the us ships 162 the decision to launch the special weapon normally only required the agreement of the ship s commanding officer and political officer but the commander of the submarine flotilla vasily arkhipov was aboard b 59 and he also had to agree arkhipov did not give his consent and the nuclear torpedo was not launched these events only became publicly known in 2002 see submarine close call on the same day a u 2 spy plane made an accidental and unauthorised 90 minute overflight of the soviet union s far eastern coast 163 the soviets responded by scrambling mig fighters from wrangel island in turn the americans launched f 102 fighters armed with nuclear air to air missiles over the bering sea 164 resolution on saturday 27 october after much deliberation between the soviet union and kennedy s cabinet kennedy secretly agreed to remove all missiles in turkey on the border of the soviet union and possibly those in southern italy in exchange for khrushchev removing all missiles in cuba 165 166 167 168 169 there is some dispute as to whether removing the missiles from italy was part of the secret agreement khrushchev wrote in his memoirs that it was and when the crisis had ended mcnamara gave the order to dismantle the missiles in both italy and turkey 170 at this point khrushchev knew things the us did not first that the shooting down of the u 2 by a soviet missile violated direct orders from moscow and cuban anti aircraft fire against other us reconnaissance aircraft also violated direct orders from khrushchev to castro 171 second the soviets already had 162 nuclear warheads on cuba that the us did not know were there 172 third the soviets and cubans on the island would almost certainly have responded to an invasion by using them even though castro believed that everyone in cuba would die as a result 173 khrushchev also knew but may not have considered that he had submarines nearby armed with nuclear weapons of which the us navy may not have been aware khrushchev knew he was losing control president kennedy had been told in early 1961 that a nuclear war would probably kill a third of humanity with most or all of those deaths concentrated in the us the ussr europe and china 174 and khrushchev may have received a similar estimate with this background when khrushchev heard of kennedy s threats as relayed by robert kennedy to soviet ambassador dobrynin he immediately drafted his acceptance of kennedy s latest terms from his dacha without involving the politburo as he had previously and had them immediately broadcast over radio moscow which he believed the us would hear in that broadcast at 9 00 am est on 28 october 1962 khrushchev stated that the soviet government in addition to previously issued instructions on the cessation of further work at the building sites for the weapons has issued a new order on the dismantling of the weapons which you describe as offensive and their crating and return to the soviet union 175 176 177 at 10 00 am on 28 october kennedy first learned of khrushchev s solution to the crisis the us would remove the 15 jupiters in turkey and the soviets would remove the missiles from cuba khrushchev had made the offer in a public statement for the world to hear despite almost solid opposition from his senior advisers kennedy accepted the soviet offer this is a pretty good play of his kennedy said according to a tape recording that he made secretly of the cabinet room meeting kennedy had deployed the jupiters in march 1962 causing a stream of angry outbursts from khrushchev most people will think this is a rather even trade and we ought to take advantage of it kennedy said vice president lyndon johnson was the first to endorse the missile swap but others continued to oppose it finally kennedy ended the debate we can t very well invade cuba with all its toil and blood kennedy said when we could have gotten them out by making a deal on the same missiles on turkey if that s part of the record then you don t have a very good war 178 kennedy immediately responded to khrushchev s letter issuing a statement calling it an important and constructive contribution to peace 177 he continued this with a formal letter i consider my letter to you of october twenty seventh and your reply of today as firm undertakings on the part of both our governments which should be promptly carried out the us will make a statement in the framework of the security council in reference to cuba as follows it will declare that the united states of america will respect the inviolability of cuban borders its sovereignty that it take the pledge not to interfere in internal affairs not to intrude themselves and not to permit our territory to be used as a bridgehead for the invasion of cuba and will restrain those who would plan to carry an aggression against cuba either from us territory or from the territory of other countries neighboring to cuba 177 179 103 kennedy s planned statement would also contain suggestions he had received from his adviser arthur schlesinger jr in a memorandum for the president describing the post mortem on cuba 180 on 28 october kennedy participated in telephone conversations with eisenhower 181 and fellow former us president harry truman 182 in these calls kennedy revealed that he thought the crisis would result in the two superpowers being toe to toe 181 in berlin by the end of the following month and expressed concern that the soviet setback in cuba would make things tougher 182 there he also informed his predecessors that he had rejected the public soviet offer to withdraw from cuba in exchange for the withdrawal of us missiles from turkey 181 182 removal of missiles in cuba 11 november 1962 nara 193868 the us continued the blockade of cuba in the following days aerial reconnaissance showed that the soviets were making progress in removing the missile systems the 42 missiles and their support equipment were loaded onto eight soviet ships on 2 november 1962 kennedy addressed the us via radio and television broadcasts concerning the dismantling of the soviet r 12 missile bases located in the caribbean 183 the ships left cuba on november 5 to 9 the us made a final visual check as each of the ships passed the blockade line further diplomatic efforts were required to remove the soviet il 28 bombers and they were loaded on three soviet ships on 5 and 6 december concurrent with the soviet commitment on the il 28s the us government announced the end of the blockade from 6 45 pm est on 20 november 1962 citation needed at the time when the kennedy administration believed that the cuban missile crisis was resolved nuclear tactical rockets remained in cuba which were not part of the kennedy khrushchev understanding and the americans did not know about them the soviets changed their minds fearing possible future cuban militant steps and on 22 november 1962 deputy premier of the soviet union anastas mikoyan told castro that the rockets with the nuclear warheads were being removed as well 46 mikoyan with john f kennedy and state department interpreter natalie kushnir at the oval office november 28 1962 the cuban missile crisis was solved in part by a secret agreement between john f kennedy and nikita khrushchev the kennedy khrushchev pact was known to only nine us officials at the time of its creation in october 1962 and was first officially acknowledged at a conference in moscow in january 1989 by soviet ambassador anatoly dobrynin and kennedy s speechwriter theodore sorensen 184 185 186 in his negotiations with dobrynin robert kennedy informally proposed that the jupiter missiles in turkey would be removed 186 within a short time after this crisis was over 187 under an operation code named operation pot pie 188 166 167 168 169 the removal of the jupiters from italy and turkey began on 1 april and was completed by 24 april 1963 the initial plans were to recycle the missiles for use in other programs but nasa and the usaf were not interested in retaining the missile hardware the missile bodies were destroyed on site while warheads guidance packages and launching equipment worth 14 million were returned to the united states 189 190 the dismantling operations were named pot pie i for italy and pot pie ii for turkey by the united states air force 167 169 the outcome of the kennedy khrushchev pact was that the us would remove 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