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gacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia british anglican bishop and academic 1915 1972 the right reverend ian ramsey bishop of durham ramsey robed as a bishop diocese diocese of durham in office 1966 1972 predecessor maurice harland successor john habgood other posts chaplain christ s college cambridge 1943 1949 nolloth professor of the philosophy of the christian religion 1951 1966 chaplain sub prelate order of st john 1969 orders ordination 1940 deacon c 1941 priest consecration 1 november 1966 york minster personal details born 1915 01 31 31 january 1915 kearsley lancashire united kingdom died 6 october 1972 1972 10 06 aged 57 marylebone greater london uk buried auckland castle ashes 1 denomination anglican residence auckland castle as bishop of durham parents arthur mary spouse margretta née mckay m 1943 children 2 sons profession scholar philosophy of religion science and religion theology alma mater christ s college cambridge ian thomas ramsey 31 january 1915 6 october 1972 was a british anglican bishop and academic he was professor of the philosophy of religion at the university of oxford and bishop of durham from 1966 until his death in 1972 he wrote extensively on the problem of religious language christian ethics the relationship between science and religion and christian apologetics as a result he became convinced that a permanent centre was needed for enquiry into these inter disciplinary areas and in 1985 the ian ramsey centre for science and religion at the university of oxford was set up to promote discussion on the problems raised for theology and ethics by developments in science technology and medicine early life and education edit ramsey was born in kearsley near bolton lancashire an area noted for small industries and factories he was the sole child born to arthur a postman and mary ramsey and was raised by them in the christian faith he attended primary school at st john s church in farnworth bolton and then proceeded on a scholarship to farnworth grammar school where he studied latin mathematics physics and chemistry he won a scholarship in 1934 that enabled him to embark on further study at christ s college cambridge where he graduated with a triple first class ma degree in mathematics moral sciences philosophy and theology in 1939 2 at cambridge he was influenced by charles e raven regius professor of divinity and a c ewing raven spurred ramsey s interests in the relationship between science and religion while ewing guided him into studying metaphysics after graduating from cambridge ramsey then enrolled as candidate for ordination in the church of england at ripon hall near oxford and began his theological studies there during his studies he served as an assistant curate at headington quarry and it was there that he met his wife margretta mckay called margaret whom he married in 1943 in 1943 upon completing his theological degree and ordination ramsey then took on the role of chaplain at christ s college cambridge he was elected as a fellow and director of studies in theology and moral science in 1944 it was also in 1944 that he was appointed as university lecturer in divinity and canon theologian at leicester cathedral he held the latter role alongside his main posts until 1966 when he was elected the bishop of durham his first doctorate was an honorary doctorate of divinity hon dd from oxford awarded in 1966 3 career edit alongside of his role as a chaplain ramsey became widely known at cambridge in the 1940s for his lectures in philosophical theology in 1951 he accepted the chair of nolloth professor of the philosophy of the christian religion at oxford university his inaugural lecture was delivered on 7 december 1951 and published as miracles an exercise in logical map work he served as a fellow of oriel college at oxford and as chairman of the faculty of theology during his tenure at oxford ramsey was invited to deliver various guest lecture series including the forwood lectures at the university of liverpool 1957 annual theological lecture at queen s university belfast 1960 the frederick denison maurice lectures at king s college london university 1961 62 whidden lecturer at mcmaster university in canada 1963 riddell memorial lecture at the university of newcastle upon tyne 1963 and the zenos lectures at mccormick theological seminary chicago 1966 most of these lecture series were subsequently published as books freedom and immortality religion and science on being sure in religion models and mystery and christian discourse ramsey was an authority on the christian apologetics work of both joseph butler and of john locke he wrote a study of butler s life and apologetic arguments that was published in 1969 ramsey also wrote a critical introduction to an abridged edition of locke s the reasonableness of christianity that was released in 1958 both locke s and butler s texts were critical apologetic works that addressed the religious skepticism held to by various deist thinkers in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century as well as his duties as a college administrator and lecturer ramsey was also very active as a churchman he served as the examining chaplain to the bishops of portsmouth sheffield and norwich and acted as the director of the lambeth diploma in theology designed for non clergy students interested in theology he also served on various church of england commissions inquiring into ethical questions about birth control suicide and on the subject of divine healing he wrote reports dealing with those topics for the church s board for social responsibility on 15 december 1966 he was installed at durham cathedral as the ninetieth bishop of durham his enthronement was commented on as unusual since the cathedral doors were open to welcome him 4 he chaired the commission on religious education in schools which reported for the centenary of the education act of 1870 5 he became chairman of the bbc s central religious advisory committee crac in 1970 at easter in 1972 he had a heart attack brought on by overwork and died on 6 october 1972 after having a meeting at broadcasting house london with crac theological contributions edit ramsey approached a number of philosophical problems concerning twentieth century theology one of the significant topics concerned god talk or the soundness of theological language much of this had been prompted by the philosophical writings of ludwig wittgenstein and also by philosophers such as alfred ayer who were involved in the mid twentieth century movement known as logical positivism the implications of ayer s argument in language truth and logic 1936 were that religious or theological language was deemed to be analytically unscientific religious statements were considered to be technically meaningless as it was argued that claims such as god exists were observationally unverifiable ramsey was concerned in his writings to argue that traditional theological language was empirically meaningful he was equipped to make this argument because his thinking closely paralleled that of wittgenstein 6 theology grounded in mystery edit for ramsey theological language is grounded in permanent mystery 7 he distinguishes this permanent mystery from the kind of mystery that can solved by facts and information 8 permanent mystery cannot be eradicated it is not mystery used as a synonym for ignorance 9 in his emphasis on mystery ramsey drew on ludwig wittgenstein 10 for example ramsey distinguished between the thatness and the whatness of an event 11 this distinction parallels wittgenstein s proposition not how the world is is the mystical mystery but that it is the mystery of what happens can be solved by sufficient information but for ramsey the mystery that its happens is permanent 12 given his position that theology is grounded in permanent mystery ramsey holds that language about god theo logy should never be viewed as a super science that explains phenomena rather than treating language about god as explanatory ramsey characterizes talk about god theology as an attempt to be articulate about the divine mystery 13 two languages edit in his religious language ramsey differentiates two kinds of language he denotes one kind variously as observational language ordinary language straightforward language or straightforward public language to simplify this first kind of language can be called ordinary language ramsey calls the other kind of language religious language the language of theology he cautions that religious language will be logically odd because god is a word outside ordinary language thus even though religious language is grammatically simple its logical structure is neither plain nor straightforward the challenge for religious language in ramsey s estimation is how to make ordinary language into a suitable currency for the religious language of theology without its being misread as straightforward language 14 ramsey tried to prevent misreading religious language as ordinary language by pointing up the logically odd qualifiers to the ordinary language of disclosure models aka analogue models by which religious language speaks of god 15 one of ramsey s examples is the disclosure model first cause when god is predicated by active verbs if the language were ordinary language the word god would refer to a causal agent but for ramsey the disclosure model first cause does not mean that god is a causal agent rather if one traces the empirical whatness of a causal chain the permanent mystery that such causation exists might dawn on a person or in an image ramsey used the penny drops 16 disclosure models are grounded on the empirical what in this example causation this is the empirical fit ramsey emphasised 17 at the same time disclosure models point to mystery in this example the mystery that causation exists 18 thus for ramsey the religious language of theology names the permanent mystery god and by a disclosure model speaks of god as first cause the qualifiers first and the capitalizations signify religious language 19 ramsey s understanding of theological language has been applied to the biblical story of hannah in 1 samuel 1 2 5 19 the disclosure situation was that hannah had no children because of unstated empirical causes but the permanent mystery that the causes happened was named the lord and was modelled with an empirical fit as having closed hannah s womb when hannah became pregnant the mystery that it happened was again named the lord this time the lord was modelled with an empirical fit as having remembered hannah i samuel 1 19 to fit the new disclosure situation 20 ramsey reconciled such conflicting disclosure models by tracing them back to the what of the disclosure situations 21 grounded in personal experience edit ramsey s arguments were developed on a model of religious language grounded in personal experience and personal disclosure as humans communicate with each other personal disclosure occurs ramsey used this point to argue that humans come to encounter god also by way of personal disclosure thus offering an argument from analogy ramsey s theological work thus re emphasized the traditional theological view that all religious language is analogical and the religious words that humans create are always involving the language of analogy he was particularly effective in communicating with experts from a wide range of disciplines inspiring them to work together on the problems raised for theology and ethics by developments in science technology and medicine as a result of his experience he became convinced that a permanent centre was needed for enquiry into these interdisciplinary areas and it was in response to this that the ian ramsey centre for the study of religious beliefs in relation to the sciences and medicine was set up in 1985 in the university of oxford bishop ian ramsey primary school in consett county durham ian ramsey church of england academy in fairfield stockton on tees and bishop ramsey church of england secondary school in ruislip in the london borough of hillingdon are also named after him styles and titles edit 1940 1944 the reverend ian ramsey 1944 1966 the reverend canon ian ramsey in church contexts 1951 1966 1951 1966 the reverend professor ian ramsey in academic contexts 1966 1972 the right reverend doctor ian ramsey as a bishop ramsey was is routinely called referred to as dr ramsey despite holding only an honorary doctorate bibliography edit biology and personality frontier problems in science philosophy and religion oxford blackwell 1965 new york barnes noble 1966 christian discourse some logical explorations london new york oxford university press 1965 christian empiricism edited by jerry h gill london sheldon press 1974 grand rapids michigan william b eerdmans 1974 isbn 0 85969 011 3 uk isbn 0 8028 1558 8 us christian ethics and contemporary philosophy london scm press new york macmillan 1966 freedom and immortality london scm press 1960 joseph butler 1692 1752 author of the analogy of religion some features of his life and thought london dr william s trust 1969 models and mystery london new york oxford university press 1964 miracles an exercise in logical map work oxford clarendon press 1952 models for divine activity london scm press 1973 on being sure in religion london university of london athlone press 1963 our understanding of prayer london spck 1971 personality and science co edited with ruth porter edinburgh churchill livingstone 1971 isbn 0 7000 1540 x prospect for metaphysics london allen unwin new york philosophical library 1961 religion and science conflict and synthesis london spck 1964 religious language an empirical placing of theological phrases london scm press 1957 the fourth r the report of the commission on religious education in schools london national society spck 1970 the improbable bishop ian ramsey of durham the memoir club 2010 isbn 978 1 84104 511 5 words about god london scm press 1971 isbn 0 334 01383 6 edited john locke the reasonableness of christianity london adam charles black stanford stanford university press 1958 contributor collier s encyclopedia crowell collier and macmillan inc 1966 see also edit list of science and religion scholars references edit bbc news auckland castle seeks memories of people s bishop accessed 28 july 2015 ramsey ian thomas oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 31583 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required ramsey ian thomas who s who who was who vol 1920 2016 april 2014 online ed a c black retrieved 13 february 2016 subscription or uk public library membership required open doors for bishop of durham church times no 5419 23 december 1966 p 53 issn 0009 658x retrieved 28 july 2015 via uk press online 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