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Text of the page (random words):
ok and its very similar erstwhile competitors like the upi stylebook are used so broadly by news publishers that they are a de facto general style for news writing though some newspapers also have their own house styles that diverge from that baseline in numerous ways as a result various news style quirks make frequent appearances in the results of google or bing or yandex etc searches for news source material one of the most frequent symptoms of the common style fallacy at work is mistaking the way a group of newspapers write something for being the only or best way to write something especially when one has not run into any sources other than news ones the problem is of course that news writing and other forms of writing take programmatic rule based approaches to style matters so someone is only looking at one style program when looking at those particular sources from a style standpoint they are all essentially just one source the ap stylebook even where encyclopedic and news writing share some things in common such as overall article structure basics title lead paragraph section subheadings paragraph breaks supplementary material at the end and sometimes use of a sidebar to summarize details there are very significant differences even the lead section of a wikipedia article has very little in common with a news style lede the inverted pyramid of news writing informs wikipedia article development mostly when at all only with regard to depth of content at an article not the order in which information is presented after the lead which is highly variable often chronological or geographical depending on the nature of the subject a news style article also often has a kicker to draw attention a deck subtitle to hint at the content to come extensive use of pull quotes and other features not typically found in encyclopedic writing newswriting is a very distinct form of writing with intrinsic styles in this it is like fiction how to manuals school textbooks and legal documents which all have special styles that are not simply copy pasted from one to the other and which wikipedia has a policy against using as with news style a concrete topical example there are three well documented conventions for the initial letter case of prepositions used in the titles of published works and other compositions 4 capitalize prepositions of four letters or more for in with from amongst between this is the news journalism extreme lowercase all regardless of length for in with from amongst between this is the academic extreme capitalize if five letters or more for in with from amongst between this is the reasonable compromise approach used by wikipedia and by most mainstream book publishers 5 all three systems agree to capitalize any word if it is the first or last word in a title or subtitle it is not reasonable to demand that we capitalize say pop song titles the way that music magazines do since we already have a style system for handling titles of works and it is not the same system used by most of those magazines the same publications would also apply their capitalization rules to journal articles or book titles there is no special convention for song titles 6 the idea that there is one is an illusion produced by willful engagement in original research with a desire to get an over capitalizing result see next section it is fandom hand waving trying to prove style by search hits is original research edit misuse of online search results is a frequent but easily spotted sourcing error it is a mistake to assume that for example a popular culture topic that has no coverage yet in anything but the entertainment press must be stylized a particular way just because most of the sources you can find about the topic so far do it that way per their own house styles example a pop song or fantasy novel given excessive capitalization from following the four letter rule in journalism mentioned above making this it must be styled just so leap is forbidden original research when one comes to such a conclusion one has assembled a methodologically worthless data set with insufficient resources e g google news search results performed a personal synthesis and analysis of this poor data and then come to a subjective conclusion about it which the editor usually began with and is seeking to enforce it s an unsourced conclusion that no reasonable and well informed person would actually believe why because we already know that when any other non journalistic kind of source writes about that same topic it will apply its own programatic capitalization standard not the journalism one for example academic arts journals except where one might have a divergent house style will apply the excessively lowercasing academic standard to the title exactly the opposite of the excessively uppercasing convention of the news sources one had noticed so far a mainstream book publisher will apply the middle ground five letter rule again unless they have a house style rule that differs on this some north american book publishers would actually go with the lowercase all prepositions academic rule following the chicago manual of style 5 we do not have to engage in original research ourselves to know this e g by observing this effect in already published material about works that happen to have prepositions in their titles though we could do that in our spare time for fun and of course observe that it s true 4 all we have to do is look at the style guides the rule systems upon which the different genres of writing rely as another example we need not do an original research survey of whether newspapers use the en dash character in the ways mos prescribes that it be used on wikipedia we already know they do not because the ap stylebook and other journalism specific style guides uniformly ignore this character entirely using the hyphen for its conjoining uses and the em dash for its parenthetic uses our en dash rules are based on those of more mainstream less expediency bound book publishing style manuals one of the most frequent common style fallacies on wikipedia is the argument common but unsuccessful at wp requested moves that an article title with an en dash in it must be moved per wp commonname because news sources and press releases i e ap style don t use an en dash this is the logical equivalent of insisting that it must be some kind of foul in this golf game with which you are not familiar to hit the ball with a club because all the football games you ve ever seen had no club in them it s the wrong rule set see also wp idontknowit the stylistic system of wikipedia and other general purpose nonfiction publishing has equipment not available in the journalistic rules uses some shared features the ball and playing field by analogy differently and is for a different ballgame with a different methodology and goal we sometimes use online searches in internal discussions about the wikipedia title policy naming conventions and style guidelines to get a sense of the implementation level of a usage matter in particular publishing circles by shaping searches and limiting them by source type age language and location but these are only used as part of a larger consensus building discussion grounded in wikipedia policy and always with the understanding that such search results are partial glimpses at data limited to particular types of publications and skewed by various factors often including marked limitations of and biases in the search tools when it comes to actually determining what an article s name should be such searches cannot be relied upon as if they are sources themselves your interpretation of their results is again original research they are only a means for finding and looking at actual sources and the subject specific facts they contain again with the caveat that the data set is limited and uneven 7 cross language misrepresentation edit another frequent case of abuse of online search results to try to prove a common style fallacy is attempting to use english language news sources e g from google news searches to make a point against the use of diacritics for biographical subjects for whom that usage is preferred and well sourced if high quality academic sources use the subject s culturally appropriate diacritics and thus are reliable sources that their use is attested for the subjects in question it doesn t matter how many american or british newspapers ignore and drop the diacritics their laziness in this regard has no impact on wikipedia which will follow the more reliable sources not the more common but weaker ones many western news publishers and sport governing bodies even some governmental agencies ministries in english speaking countries have an official editorial policy of dropping diacritics as well as forcing western name order another of these common style fallacies per our wp neutral point of view policy it is completely inappropriate to try to enlist wikipedia in taking a side in any kind of language battle for diacritics use of them by the subject for their own name in materials with a latin based alphabet is sufficient per the wp aboutself policy and mos identity guideline so is use of them in reference to that bio subject by high quality reliable sources per the wp verifiability policy and wp reliable sources guideline see also wp diacritics and mos diacritics mainstream style guides are the reliable sources for style and mos is already based on them edit the common style fallacy relies in part upon a key falsehood in the faulty reasoning behind the specialized style fallacy the assumption that sources that are reliable for facts being reported about a topic are somehow transubstantiated into reliable sources purely through example of how the english language must be used when the topic in question in involved in reality the only reliable sources for how to write formal but not excessively academic english are style guides devoted to writing such material the very guides upon which mos is based even these are not laws but guidance that wikipedia s own editorial community will take into account when coming to consensus on wikipedia s own house style the apply the style most commonly seen in sources according to my google searches idea is completely unworkable aside from the frequent cherry picking of sources and search results because it would always default to using informal journalistic style inappropriate in an encyclopedia for popular culture topics until academics wrote about the same topic leading to a style dispute it would also always default to using excessively academic style also inappropriate in an encyclopedia for academic topics until the subject was covered in the press leading to another style dispute in the opposite direction all roads lead right back to the stable status quo we already have use the compromise style favored by virtually all general audience publishers for formal english writing various other common style logic problems edit the common style fallacy has additional logic problems that can be dispensed with quickly search engine results and their order are strongly affected by paid search engine optimization seo by experts skilled in manipulating search engines and sometimes also by paying a search engine directly for high placement i e advertising depending on the search engine in question this automatically gives undue weight to stylized presentations preferred by marketers and undue elimination of acceptable stylization like correct diacritics when doing so is preferred by certain publishing blocs for their own convenience search engine placement in short reflects marketing not reliability doing proper search engine tests itself requires a certain level of expertise to weed out various form of skew or even totally invalid results how to do this varies not only by search engine but even by search type at the same engine example in many cases it requires detailed knowledge of google ngrams and its limitations both in search functionality and in what its corpora contain and how they differ to extract anything like accurate results out of it the entertainment press in particular is not independent of the entertainment industry and largely tries to keep industry players as happy as possible by doing whatever they want stylistically most of these publications derive the majority of their income from advertising revenue from film studios record labels and other entertainment industry interests furthermore many of them are directly owned by the same international corporations who own the studios and labels and many city newspapers as well they have a doubly vested interest in mimicry of the stylization in logos and marketing materials the ground truth is that people in general do not obey or expect extraneous marketing stylizations no one writes that they bought their shirt at macy s or just got a sony stereo for their car even the idea that people are following marketing journalism style in overcapitalizing song titles turns out to be provably false 8 it s unnecessary anyway we already have this covered edit the manual of style already has provisions e g at both wp manual of style capital letters and wp manual of style trademarks to accept a simple stylization matter that is also accepted by virtually all sources across all publications styles not just one to be intrinsic to a particular name in practice this is limited to unusual but semantically meaningful capitalization intercaps or camelcase ipod centos conventionalized dropping of capitalization of an acronym nabisco conventionalized capitalization of an acronym some might not have thought of as one ikea sage publications fusion of words or names when the usage is a legal matter found in corporate documents trademark registrations etc daimlerchrysler glaxosmithkline simple substitution of a letter or letters for some other letter or numeral deadmau5 left 4 dead it does not extend in any cases to all capitals for emphasis sony time magazine the gap this includes small capitals green mountain coffee downton abbey jumbled capitalization with no semantic meaning ebay dingbat substitutions or insertions e trade c net changes that require special markup and may cause accessibility problems alien 3 run together words that are not found in corporate trademark and other legal registrations nor accepted by most sources just seen as a matter of logo stylization baker taylor jcpenney the special case of all lowercase as a stylization this has been accepted in a handful of cases for individuals who use it themselves and for whom virtually all sources also use it for k d lang but not for e e cummings see e e cummings it is accepted for software that only exists as a command line executable given in all lowercase even when it is an acronym or contains one that would otherwise be capitalized ntpd for the network time protocol daemon in unix linux but ntp for the network time protocol itself...
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