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district of arunachal pradesh the large scale 12 yearly circumambulation of tibetan buddhist pilgrims around the mountain known as the rongkor chenmo had the character of a state ritual for the ganden phodrang tibetan government pilgrims in this huge procession crossed the mcmahon line below the frontier village of migyitün in tsari district wrote huber after crossing the mcmahon line the procession would proceed southwards along the tsari chu river and then suddenly turned westwards to follow the subansiri to finally cross back into tibet to reach the first frontier village in chame county the southern leg of the rongkor procession crosses the tribal areas of upper subansiri this was the territory of the mara clan of the tagin tribe who lives downstream the tsari chu valley and around its confluence with the subansiri at gelensiniak according to huber there was an elaborate system of compensations or taxes depending from which side one experienced the holy pilgrimage payments in kind were regularly made to both the mara and na tribes by the tibetan government to allow the passage of tens of thousands of pilgrims via the tribal areas the assistance to the local population was compulsory for the sacred journey to proceed smoothly south of the mcmahon line during the 1914 simla conference between tibet and british india capt frederick bailey an intelligence officer who had mapped the area with his colleague capt henry morshead informed sir henry mcmahon about the sensitivity of the issue and it is probably on their recommendation that a condition was inserted in the border agreement to reassure the tibetans and persuade them to agree to the red line the condition for the tibetan acceptance was that the government of india would allow the smooth continuation of the tsari pilgrimage on the indian side of the tibet india border bailey and morshead had visited the place in 1913 during their journey beyond the snowline the young captain later recalled the great pilgrimage took place every twelve years in the monkey year 100 000 perhaps less pilgrims usually made the pilgrimage many of them coming from pome in kongpo province the pobas tibetans sent a hundred soldiers fifty were sent from trasum in kongpo and thirty from the frontier village of tron on the chayul river these were to protect the pilgrims from attack by the tribals through whose territory the pilgrims had to travel when making the great pilgrimage the pilgrims used to embark on their circumambulation from migyitün which was the acknowledged border post the mcmahon line drawn a few months later only reiterated this fact then there was a several day journey into indian territory before returning to tibet there is a clear racial distinction between the tibetans and the indian tribes known as lopas by the tibetans as bailey put it the lopas were not allowed to travel up the tsari valley beyond the frontier village of migyitün because the tibetans feared they would damage their shrines they were induced to give the pilgrims unmolested sic passage through their own country with the tibetan government lavishing on them presents of woolen cloth tsampa barley flour and swords a few months later the findings of bailey and morshead would be used by sir henry during the simla conference to draw the famous line when they scouted this most inaccessible area in 1913 the two britishers probably heard about the clash which occurred during the previous rongkor in 1906 between some border tribes and the tibetans indian tribals were enticed to abandon their traditional trade with the village of tron located not far from the cristal mountain in chayul dzong highly disturbed by this loss of trading revenues the villagers of tron killed more than a hundred tribals in a cold blooded revenge the tibetan government had to send five hundred troops to punish the tribal attackers thereafter the tibet tribal relations would never be the same to come back to the pilgrimage alex mckay in a review of huber s work explained in terms of logistics the event resembled a military exercise around 20 000 pilgrims from all parts of the tibetan cultural world took part in this circuit with direct support from the central government whose agents negotiated safe passage from the various tribal groups through whose territory the pilgrims passed in some ways it was a clash of civilization the tribes of the nefa did not belong to the tibetan world but it was for them an occasion to interact and eventually extract their dues for the passage of the pilgrims on their territory with the recurrence of these clashes the tibetan government in lhasa decided to take control the entire religious exercise in 1920 tibet s strong man tsarong was sent to tsari to overlook the preparations for that year s rongkor the religious pilgrimage thus became a state affair with all the implications for the future relations between india and tibet and today china the last rongkor was performed in 1956 the chinese had then begun occupying most of the strategic axis in tibet and had reached north of the indian border i e the mcmahon line by that time the tibetans were also aware that the government of india meant business especially after major bob khathing took over the tawang area in february 1951 elsewhere in nefa the indian state was also fast pushing its administration towards the red line the 1956 rongkor passed off peacefully with only a few noticeable incidents according to huber the lhasa government had given a satisfactory tribute payment made them all swear the oath successfully and performed the appropriate rituals he adds however it is almost certainly the fact that a vigorous decade of indian administrative contacts had already either broken the spirit of the upper subansiri tribes or made conditions too inconclusive for them to attempt any aggravation of their northern neighbors and risk a political incident during this increasingly critical period of tibetan indian and chinese relations for the first time during the 1956 rongkor procession a foreign presence was seen the chinese pla camped in the mandala plain of tsari from where the pilgrimage assembles the chinese however kept their participation rather discreet merely providing medicines for the pilgrims huber however saw their presence differently these apparently innocent medical teams are now seen by tibetans as an important reconnaissance leading up to the chinese occupation and border claims of 1959 a view not without substance only three years after the last pilgrimage hostilities started on what was now the sino indian border new actors had occupied the border areas it was no longer the tibetans vs the local tribals of the upper subansiri but the indian state vs the chinese state the fact remains that till august 1959 the border was not really disputed in this area it corresponded to the customary border this however did not prevent the first serious clash between india and china it occurred in a small village called longju a few hundred meters south of migyitün the first tibetan village north of the mcmahon line this clash took place a few months after the escape of the dalai lama to india following the aborted tibetan uprising in lhasa after india granted asylum to the tibetan leader the relations between beijing and delhi became tenser by the day the longju incident led to an uproar in the indian parliament and for the first time nehru was questioned about his frontier policy ever since the longju area has become a bone of contention between india and china one should remember that traditionally the himalayan range was never an impenetrable barrier on the contrary it was a realm of exchange between people who were socially ethnically and culturally different due to the geography the contacts between the tibetans and the tribals had not always been smooth but the rongkor pilgrimage institutionalized regular and business like contacts with the invasion of tibet by the chinese people s liberation army the situation changed dramatically though previously every 12 years the upper subansiri area was a point of contact between the tibetan world and the subcontinent it is no longer the case sixty years after the last rongkor the area remains one of the most impenetrable and inaccessible parts of the entire himalaya will we have to wait another fire monkey year i e 60 years to see this stunningly luxuriant area become again a bridge between two words today no solution is in view to solve the border dispute between china and india the reopening of the rongkor pilgrimage could be a great confidence building measure between india china and the tibetans unfortunately arunachal is today busy with politics with crores of rupees flying above the himalayan ranges spoiling the democratic process who thinks of reviving the great pilgrimage in the meantime china still claims the entire arunachal as hers here are some of the rare pictures of tsari and its surroundings found on the internet tsari today posted by claude arpi at 5 52 am no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest labels 1956 arunachal pradesh fire monkey tibet tsari pilgrimage monday january 18 2021 xi s mega projects should india worry mining in the aksai chin my article xi s mega projects should india worry appeared on rediff com here is the link after the ladakh fiasco where xi jinping did not expect the indian army to resist his land grabbing tactics he has to save face before his colleagues in the communist party to bring the threat of a mega dam to the northern indian border is a clever move observes claude arpi on the occasion of the new year president xi jinping called the communist party a gigantic vessel that navigates china s stable and long term development he stated upholding the principle of putting people first and remaining true to our founding mission we can break the waves to reach the destination of realizing the great rejuvenation of the chinese nation china will embark on a new journey of development in 2021 and strive to achieve socialist modernization by the year 2035 traditionally the chinese people s respect for their emperor increases when the latter undertakes projects that no human mind can conceive of after all the emperor is the son of heaven and only in heaven can projects such as the grand canal or the great wall be dreamt of it is also the role of the emperor to bring heaven s vision down on earth if he fails his mandate is terminated by heaven and a revolution or a rebellion occurs this is what might soon happen to xi jinping but in the meantime he is thinking big the seventh tibet work forum twf a mega meeting which decides the fate of tibet for the years to come to which rare tibetans are invited was held in beijing on august 28 and 29 2020 the seventh twf was a crucial event not only as it concerns the fate of the roof of the world but also for the presently tense indian frontiers and the precarious situation in ladakh the twf usually defines the policies for china s western border this explains the presence of the entire central military commission as well as the service chiefs including the chief of the pla navy at the forum during the meeting infrastructure development was linked with border defence the construction of xiaokang moderately well off villages on india s border was mentioned a few weeks later some massive projects were announced first the pai metok pai mo highway linking nyingchi to metok north of upper siang district of arunachal pradesh will be opened in july 2021 after the completion of the highway the length of the road from nyingchi city to metok county will be shortened from 346 kilometers to 180 kilometers and the driving time will be shortened from 11 hours to 4 5 hours the highway starts in pai town in milin county of nyingchi and uses a long tunnel to pass through the doshong la mountain ending south of metok town close to the indian border tuting circle though only 67 kilometers long in strategic terms the highway will be a game changer and greatly accelerate the developments of new model villages and therefore relocation of populations on the border but more importantly it will pave the way for a mega hydropower plant hpp in december 2020 the global times announced beijing s plan to build a large hydropower plant hpp on the yarlung tsangpo river which becomes the siang and later the brahmaputra in india the tabloid admitted that it has raised concerns in india over potential political and ecological threats as the river passes through southwest china india and bangladesh it however asserted that chinese experts refuted the claim that chinese hydropower project have political aims and said the project could help alleviate power shortage problem in northern india and boost regional economy the metok county government confirmed that the project would be built north of the mcmahon line the mouthpiece of the party added the head of power construction corp of china powerchina suggested the planned hydropower station which is expected to have three times as much generating capacity as the world leading three gorges power station aims to maintain water resources and domestic security after the ladakh fiasco where president xi jinping did not expect the indian army to resist his land grabbing tactics salami slicing or whatever you call them he has to save face in front of his colleagues of the central committee and politburo to bring the threat of a mega dam to the northern indian border is a clever move the fact that the news came out in the global times the mouthpiece of the communist party of china is telling xi believes that the party meaning himself is always right how could he have blundered in ladakh to regain some standing he has to intimidate india a mega dam or hydropower plant thrice the size of the three gorges dam threatening the life in the north east is the best way to divert the attention from the pangong tso but it is not all already in 2016 the china daily had reported the construction of a 1 629 kilometer sichuan tibet railway it has now entered a crucial phase at that time lobsang gyaltsen the then chairman of the tibet autonomous region government gyaltsen has recently disappeared like jack ma announced during the fourth session of the tar s 10th people s congress in lhasa the government will start a preliminary survey and research of the kangding nyingchi railway project this year and accelerate the construction of sichuan tibet railway in the 13th five year plan 2016 20 period kangding is known as dardo or dartsedo in tibet it is today the capital city of gartse tibetan autonomous prefecture the railway will be connecting lhasa to chengdu it will be divided into three sections from west to east lhasa nyingchi nyingchi kangding and kangding chengdu the railway line will run some 1 000 km on the tibetan plateau the construction of the western and the eastern sections already started last year ...
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