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photoresistor wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 design considerations 2 applications 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents photoresistor 45 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская български català čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 lietuvių македонски монгол bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ nederlands polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska тоҷикӣ türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia light dependent resistor not to be confused with photoresist photoresistor component type passive working principle photoconductivity electronic symbol the symbol for a photoresistor a photoresistor also known as a light dependent resistor ldr or photo conductive cell is a passive component that decreases in resistance as a result of increasing illuminance light on its sensitive surface in other words it exhibits photoconductivity a photoresistor can be used in light sensitive detector circuits and light activated and dark activated switching circuits acting as a semiconductor resistance in the dark a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as several megaohms mω while in the light it can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms if incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a certain frequency photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band the resulting free electrons and their hole partners conduct electricity thereby lowering resistance the resistance range and sensitivity of a photoresistor can substantially differ among dissimilar devices moreover unique photoresistors may react substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands a photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic an intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor such as silicon is in intrinsic devices most of the available electrons are in the valence band and hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the entire bandgap extrinsic devices have impurities also called dopants added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band since the electrons do not have as far to jump lower energy photons that is longer wavelengths and lower frequencies are sufficient to trigger the device if a sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms impurities there will be extra electrons available for conduction this is an example of an extrinsic semiconductor 1 design considerations edit three photoresistors with scale in mm large cds photocell from a street light a photoresistor is less light sensitive than a photodiode or a phototransistor the photoresistivity of any photoresistor may vary widely depending on ambient temperature making them unsuitable for applications requiring precise measurement of or sensitivity to light photons photoresistors also exhibit a certain degree of latency between exposure to light and the subsequent decrease in resistance usually around 10 milliseconds the lag time when going from lit to dark environments is even greater often as long as one second this property makes them unsuitable for sensing rapidly flashing lights but is sometimes used to smooth the response of audio signal compression 2 applications edit the internal components of a photoelectric control for a typical usa streetlight the photoresistor is facing rightwards and controls whether current flows through the heater which opens the main power contacts at night the heater cools closing the power contacts energizing the street light photoresistors come in many types inexpensive cadmium sulfide cds cells can be found in many consumer items such as camera light meters clock radios alarm devices as the detector for a light beam nightlights outdoor clocks solar street lamps and solar road studs etc photoresistors can be placed in streetlights to control when the light is on ambient light falling on the photoresistor causes the streetlight to turn off thus energy is saved by ensuring the light is only on during hours of darkness photoresistors are also used in laser based security systems to detect the change in the light intensity when a person or object passes through the laser beam resistive opto isolators also known as vactrols are formed of a photoresistor in conjunction with a light source the light source may be a small incandescent or neon lamp or light emitting diode popularity has waned but they are still used in audio applications such as dynamic compressors a common usage of this application can be found in many guitar amplifiers that incorporate an onboard tremolo effect as the oscillating light patterns control the level of signal running through the amplifier circuit the use of cds and cdse 3 photoresistors is severely restricted in europe due to the rohs ban on cadmium lead sulfide pbs and indium antimonide insb ldrs light dependent resistors are used for the mid infrared spectral region ge cu photoconductors are among the best far infrared detectors available and are used for infrared astronomy and infrared spectroscopy see also edit optoelectronics photodetector references edit diffenderfes robert 2005 electronic devices system and applications new delhi delimar p 480 isbn 978 1401835149 photo resistor light dependent resistor ldr resistor guide resistorguide com retrieved 19 april 2018 silonex to 18 photocells on ceramic substrate pdf archived from the original pdf on 1 april 2013 retrieved 17 october 2013 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to photoresistors using a photoresistor to track light connecting a photoresistor to a circuit limitations of photoresistor photoresistor overview detailing operation structure and circuit information authority control databases gnd v t e electronic components semiconductor devices mos transistors transistor nmos pmos bicmos biofet chemical field effect transistor chemfet complementary mos cmos depletion load nmos fin field effect transistor finfet floating gate mosfet fgmos insulated gate bipolar transistor igbt isfet ldmos mos field effect transistor mosfet multi gate field effect transistor mugfet power mosfet thin film transistor tft vmos umos qfet tunnel field effect transistor tfet high electron mobility transistor hemt rf cmos native transistor other transistors bipolar junction transistor bjt darlington transistor diffused junction transistor field effect transistor fet junction gate fet jfet organic fet ofet light emitting transistor let pentode transistor point contact transistor programmable unijunction transistor put static induction transistor sit tetrode transistor nanoscale vacuum channel transistor nvct single electron transistor set heterojunction bipolar transistor hbt mesfet heterostructure emitter bipolar transistor hebt itfet avalanche transistor junctionless nanowire transistor jlnt schottky transistor spin transistor ballistic collection transistor ballistic deflection transistor bdt drift field transistor organic electrochemical transistor oect spacistor surface barrier transistor synaptic transistor oxide thin film transistor nomfet grown junction transistor eosfet alloy junction transistor fe fet dna field effect transistor dnafet diodes avalanche diode shockley diode selenium rectifier fast diode single photon avalanche diode spad constant current diode cld crd gunn diode varicap impatt diode metal insulator metal diode mim diode transient voltage suppression diode tvs diode laser diode ld light emitting diode led organic light emitting diode oled photodiode pin diode p n diode tunnel diode avalanche photodiode apd solar cell multi junction solar cell mj hybrid solar cell schottky junction solar cell plasmonic solar cell heterojunction solar cell hjt schottky diode step recovery diode srd zener diode resonant tunneling diode rtd photoreflector backward diode geometric diode lr diode chua s diode baritt diode stabistor phosphorescent organic light emitting diode pholed thin film diode superluminescent diode sld josephson diode hole accumulation diode had silicon photomultiplier sipm metal rectifier bifacial solar cells bsc integrated circuits hybrid integrated circuit hic mixed signal integrated circuit mos integrated circuit mos ic three dimensional integrated circuit 3d ic photonic integrated circuit pic application specific integrated circuit asic field programmable gate array fpga system on a chip soc other devices diac heterostructure barrier varactor light emitting capacitor lec memistor memristor memtransistor memory cell metal oxide varistor mov organic semiconductor photodetector silicon controlled rectifier scr silicon controlled switch scs solaristor static induction thyristor sith thyristor trancitor triac varicap vertical cavity surface emitting laser vcsel gate turn off thyristor gto integrated gate commutated thyristor igct unijunction transistor ujt quantum cascade laser qcl photoresistor quantum dot display quantum dot solar cell photoelectrochemical cell dye sensitized solar cell plasmonic solar cell quantum dot laser quadrac interband cascade laser icl oscillistor mos composite static induction thyristor csmt mos controlled thyristor mct resistive opto isolator ro emitter turn off thyristor eto trisil quantum well infrared photodetector qwip quantum cascade detector qcd resonant cavity enhanced photo detector rce golay cell hybrid pixel detector semiconductor detector voltage regulators linear regulator low dropout regulator switching regulator buck boost buck boost split pi ćuk sepic charge pump switched capacitor vacuum tubes standard acorn tube audion beam tetrode barretter compactron diode fleming valve neutron tube nonode nuvistor pentagrid hexode heptode octode pentode photomultiplier pmt phototube tetrode triode x ray tube double diode triode additron tube computron tube micropup rf backward wave oscillator bwo cavity magnetron crossed field amplifier cfa gyrotron inductive output tube iot klystron maser sutton tube traveling wave tube twt vircator cathode ray tubes beam deflection tube charactron iconoscope magic eye tube monoscope selectron tube storage tube trochotron video camera tube williams tube gas filled tubes crossatron dekatron ignitron krytron mercury arc valve nixie tube thyratron trigatron voltage regulator tube geiger müller tube wire chamber neon lamp adjustable potentiometer digital variable capacitor varicap passive connector audio and video electrical power rf ferrite antifuse fuse resettable efuse resistor switch thermistor varistor reactive capacitor types ceramic resonator crystal oscillator inductor relay reed relay mercury relay other devices hall effect sensor squid spin valve magnetic tunnel junction mtj planar hall sensor ggnmos retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title photoresistor oldid 1373727748 categories resistive components optical devices sensors hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 7 september 2026 at 16 21 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents photoresistor 45 languages add topic
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