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s proved to be very weak especially since the police commissioner was poorly paid and had no accountability auto racing became popular drivers would race an 8 4 mile loop made up of city streets the free for all race was conducted between 1910 and 1912 the united states grand prix was held in santa monica in 1914 and 1916 awarding the american grand prize and the vanderbilt cup trophies by 1919 the events were attracting 100 000 people at which point the city halted them santa monica in the 1910s ocean park pier burns 1912 santa monica city hall 1910 steps down the palisades 1915 1920s edit donald wills douglas sr founded the douglas aircraft company in 1921 with his first plant on wilshire boulevard he built a plant in 1922 at clover field santa monica airport which was in use for 46 years in 1924 four douglas built planes took off from clover field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world two planes made it back after having covered 27 553 miles in 175 days and were greeted on their return september 23 1924 by a crowd of 200 000 generously estimated the douglas company later mcdonnell douglas kept facilities in the city until 1975 the entire facility was demolished and removed by 1977 club casa del mar at pico blvd in 1922 a local newspaper discussing african americans stated we don t want you here now and forever this is to be a white man s town 10 the nationwide prosperity of the 1920s was felt in santa monica the population increased from 15 000 to 32 000 at the end of the decade downtown saw a construction boom with many important buildings going up such as henshey s department store destroyed and the criterion theater elegant resorts were opened including the 1925 miramar hotel and the 1926 club casa del mar the los angeles firm of walker eisen designed the art deco bay city building a 13 story skyscraper topped with a huge four faced clock that was finished in 1930 beach volleyball is believed to have been developed in santa monica during this time duke kahanamoku brought a form of the game with him from hawaii when he took a job as athletic director at the beach club competition began in 1924 with six person teams and by 1930 the first game with two person teams took place ocean park bathhouse la monica ballroom opened in 1924 on the santa monica pier it was capable of holding 10 000 dancers in its over 15 000 square foot 1 400 m 2 area a major storm in 1926 almost destroyed the pier and the ballroom necessitating major repairs la monica hosted many national radio and television broadcasts in the early days of networks before it was finally torn down in 1962 from 1958 to 1962 the ballroom became one of the largest roller skating rinks in the western u s comedian will rogers bought a substantial ranch in santa monica canyon in 1922 among his improvements was a polo field where he played with friends spencer tracy walt disney and robert montgomery upon his untimely death it was discovered that he had generously deeded to the public the ranch now known as will rogers state historic park will rogers state park and will rogers state beach more recent residents of santa monica canyon have included christopher isherwood don bachardy jane fonda and tom hayden the last two who previously lived in ocean park the southern rim of the canyon is the oldest residential part of santa monica while most of the canyon is in the city of los angeles santa monica 1922 in 1928 will rogers sold a parcel with two large houses on the beach at the base of the bluffs to william randolph hearst who then gave it to marion davies architect julia morgan oversaw the construction of what ultimately became the 7 million 5 building 118 room ocean house as with other lavish hearst morgan projects it contained entire rooms removed from antique european buildings davies was a vivacious and popular hostess and ocean house saw many grand parties of hollywood celebrities davies sold the property in 1945 for just 600 000 to a failed attempt at a hotel most of the property was torn down in 1958 leaving only the north house with a marble pool and tennis courts the remaining property was sold to the state of california and leased as the private sand and sea club following the expiration of the 30 year lease in 1990 management of the property was turned over to the city of santa monica for a short period of time until the 1994 northridge earthquake the city operated the site as a public beach facility it was also used as a shooting location most notably in the tv show beverly hills 90210 in which it was the beverly hills beach club redevelopment of the property has been a political issue in the city since the 1990s in 2006 the city council approved plans for the first ever public beach club which included the rehabilitation of the property and construction of new facilities the project now under construction is made possible by a generous gift from the annenberg foundation at the recommendation of wallis annenberg and in partnership with the city of santa monica and california state parks the annenberg community beach house at santa monica state beach opened to the public on april 25 2009 the total construction costs were roughly 30 million local residents succeeded in forcing the city to significantly limit its hours of operation the area around the davies mansion became known as the gold coast stretching along pacific coast highway between santa monica canyon and the santa monica pier it became fashionable in the 1930s for beach homes of discrete celebrities following the lead of rogers and davies other actors with homes there have included norma talmadge greta garbo and cary grant douglas fairbanks spent his last years living there peter lawford had a house there in the 1960s ed kolpin jr opened a small tobacco pipe and cigar store in santa monica the tinder box in 1928 later it moved to its current location in 1948 where it began serving the many hollywood celebrities living nearby part of the attraction were the famous pipes handmade by kolpin himself in 1959 kolpin began a tobacco store franchise at first locally and then by the mid 1960s there were tinder box stores in malls across america the franchise business was sold in the 1970s but kolpin still owns and operates the original store as of 2003 1930s edit covered wagon in pioneer days parade in santa monica 1931 the great depression hit santa monica deeply one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1 000 hotels and office building owners went bankrupt the pleasure piers were a cheap form of entertainment that got cheaper attracting a coarser crowd muscle beach located just south of the santa monica pier started to attract gymnasts and body builders who put on free shows for the public and continues till today in the 1930s corruption infected santa monica along with neighboring los angeles this aspect of the city is depicted in various raymond chandler novels where santa monica is thinly disguised as bay city a sequence in chandler s farewell my lovely was inspired by the true story of the s s rex 11 beginning in 1928 gambling ships started anchoring in santa monica bay just beyond the 3 mile 5 6 km limit water taxis ferried patrons from santa monica and venice the largest such ship was the s s rex launched in 1938 and capable of holding up to 3 000 gamblers at a time the rex was a red flag to anti gambling interests after state attorney general earl warren got a court order to shut the ships down as a nuisance the crew of the rex initially fought off police by using water cannons and brandishing sub machine guns the engine less ship surrendered after nine days in what newspapers called the battle of santa monica bay its owner anthony cornero went on to build the stardust casino in las vegas nevada the greatest benefit to the city came from the douglas corporation when it built the dc 3 commercial aircraft the dc 3 which first flew from clover field was a terrifically successful airliner that transformed the air transportation business and brought needed jobs to the city in a more modest show of entrepreneurship merle norman founded merle norman cosmetics in 1931 by making creams and cosmetics on her kitchen stove both her former house and her 1933 streamline styled business headquarters are well maintained the federal works project administration helped build several buildings in the city most notably city hall the 1938 art deco structure was designed by donald parkinson and features terrazzo mosaics by stanton macdonald wright the main post office and barnum hall santa monica high school auditorium were among several other wpa projects 1940s edit santa monica swimming club luau 1949 douglas s business grew astronomically with the onset of world war ii employing as many as 44 000 people in 1943 to defend against air attack set designers from the warner brothers studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield 12 13 in 1945 santa monica city college started the community radio workshop crw to teach returning gis broadcasting and used the call letters kcrw later kcrw became a popular and innovative npr affiliate the sears building was built in 1947 at the south end of the retail district and has retained architect rowland crawford s original late moderne styling the rand corporation began as a project of the douglas company in 1945 and spun off into an independent think tank on may 14 1948 rand eventually acquired a 15 acre 61 000 m 2 campus centrally located between the civic center and the pier entrance as a response to the corruption and inefficiency that grew in the 1930s the current charter was enacted in 1946 the city government adopted a council manager government 1950s edit dedication of a memorial for nisei who died serving the united states santa monica 1959 papermate opened its santa monica factory in 1957 the plant produced 600 million ballpoint pens in 1971 and closed in 2005 the 3 000 seat santa monica civic auditorium was built on the site of santa monica s red lined african american neighborhood known as belmar construction began soon after the removal of belmar s residents the auditorium was designed in the international style by welton becket opened in 1958 14 from 1961 to 1968 the academy of motion picture arts and sciences held its annual oscar awards ceremony there performers that have appeared over the decades include joan baez the beach boys tony bennett david bowie dave brubeck buzzcocks the carpenters ray charles the clash bill cosby bob dylan ella fitzgerald allen ginsberg arlo guthrie jimi hendrix bob hope elton john led zeppelin andré previn public enemy ramones the rolling stones pete seeger bruce springsteen and the e street band t rex jonathan winters and countless others since the late 1980s the auditorium has been more popular for trade conventions than performances the films the t a m i show and urgh a music war were shot there pacific ocean park the last of the great amusement piers opened in 1958 while it temporarily eclipsed competitor disneyland attendance later plummeted and by 1967 the park was foreclosed for back taxes it sat empty and rotting an unattractive attractive nuisance until finally removed in 1974 adjacent to pacific ocean park was the rock and roll club the cheetah which featured early performances by such acts as the doors alice cooper pink floyd love the mothers of invention the seeds buffalo springfield and others it closed in 1968 the synanon drug rehabilitation cult moved into the old national guard building in 1959 and added their strange presence to the area in 1967 it moved into the swank del mar club until 1978 after that they held a small presence until shut down in 1991 15 16 1960s edit lawrence welk at ground breaking for the new union bank in santa monica 1960 the completion of the santa monica freeway in 1966 brought the promise of new prosperity for some although it was at the cost of decimating santa monica s red lined african american enclave and hispanic la viente barrio running between olympic and pico third street in downtown was converted into the santa monica mall in 1965 an innovative but ultimately unsuccessful development that turned the three block core of the retail district into an open air pedestrian mall large parking structures were built but rarely filled within a couple of decades it was in severe decline the santa monica mall just prior to its conversion to the third street promenade is a location for some scenes in the movie pee wee s big adventure the douglas plant closed in 1968 depriving santa monica of its largest employer a decade passed before the site was redeveloped into an office park the museum of flying was opened on the same site another decades later in 1989 bandleader lawrence welk built the champagne towers apartment building and the adjoining 300 foot tall 91 m lawrence welk plaza in 1969 the plaza is now known by its address 100 wilshire and it is still the tallest building in the city 1970s edit during the 1970s a remarkable number of notable fitness and health related businesses started in the city the supergo bicycle shop originally named bikecology founded by susan and alan goldsmith as a pro ten speed bike shop opened in 1971 and was ranked the top grossing bike shop in america by the time it relocated from wilshire blvd to the corner of 5th and broadway in 1995 and coincidentally work on the bicycle path along the beach was undertaken by the city the santa monica track club founded in 1972 by joe douglas has helped the careers of many olympians such as carl lewis sensei james field opened his dojo in 1974 which became one of the primary shotokan karate schools in the us and is now called the japan karate association jka santa monica joe gold who had sold his chain of gold s gyms years before started the world gym chain in 1977 nathan pritikin opened the pritikin longevity center in the casa del mar building in 1978 after prior owner synanon tried to murder attorney paul morantz by placing rattlesnake in his mailbox 16 ocean park resident jane fonda opened a small aerobics studio on main street in the late 1970s progressivism became the dominant political force in santa monica santa monicans for renters rights smrr formed in 1978 and was led by ruth yannatta goldway derek shearer dennis zane and reverend james conn with support from tom hayden and jane fonda conn s ocean park community organization opco was formed in 1979 as an adjunct to the church in ocean park partly in reaction to the rapid pace of change along main street it was the first of what became nine community organizations that serve as neighborhood advocates a strict rent control ordinance passed in 1979 and smrr achieved a council majority in 1981 it has largely remained the controlling political organization since then by 1977 the large 1894 american foursquare style home of roy jones son of founder john p jones was threatened with destruction it had been conve...
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