Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
dynamics, level, plains, indian, sign, language, contents, etymology, history, geography, writing, phonology, see, also, references, further, reading, phonotactics, phonological, processes, prosody, phoneme, package,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (211), sign (186), #language (155), and (113), languages (73), plains (48), hand (44), with (41), american (41), talk (40), english (38), are (34), indigenous (27), signs (26), retrieved (25), march (23), north (22), 2025 (21), motion (21), indian (20), that (20), from (19), for (19), asl (19), mckay (19), cody (19), new (18), northern (18), edit (18), may (17), deaf (17), other (17), french (17), two (17), 2019 (17), this (16), can (16), oneida (15), writing (15), also (15), package (15), plateau (14), which (14), was (13), navajo (13), western (13), used (13), great (13), dictionary (13), spoken (12), family (12), central (12), old (12), west (12), isbn (12), one (12), dynamics (12), not (11), german (11), russian (11), these (11), university (11), final (11), like (11), hands (11), dynamic (11), there (11), america (10), ute (10), signed (10), south (10), handshape (10), nations (10), either (10), juncture (10), where (10), handshapes (10), has (10), non (9), mexico (9), native (9), rican (9), inuit (9), blackfoot (9), coast (9), southern (9), related (9), both (9), each (9), international (9), handed (9), movement (9), phonology (9), press (9), paragraph (9), move (9), contact (8), use (8), articles (8), speakers (8), korean (8), spanish (8), cheyenne (8), arapaho (8), peoples (8), history (8), more (8), made (8), they (8), direction (8), directions (8), citation (8), needed (8), wikipedia (7), isolates (7), canada (7), united (7), japanese (7), italian (7), black (7), dutch (7), creole (7), mixed (7), uto (7), aztecan (7), miwok (7), upper (7), official (7), mayan (7), region (7), but (7), basin (7), among (7), analysis (7), nation (7), referent (7), phonemic (7), phoneme (7), about (6), all (6), states (6), polish (6), portuguese (6), number (6), river (6), valley (6), puerto (6), protactile (6), mexican (6), oral (6), keresan (6), cree (6), yokuts (6), kiowa (6), crow (6), pomo (6), apache (6), list (6), mixe (6), 000 (6), maya (6), irish (6), algonquian (6), however (6), within (6), gallaudet (6), system (6), meemul (6), northeast (6), petroglyphs (6), their (6), its (6), some (6), form (6), between (6), what (6), have (6), into (6), parallel (6), phonemes (6), only (6), default (6), stress (6), were (6), under (5), page (5), august (5), unknown (5), greek (5), chinese (5), martha (5), vineyard (5), others (5), pueblo (5), comanche (5), sierra (5), stoney (5), lakota (5), seneca (5), african (5), zoquean (5), william (5), stokoe (5), thomas (5), swedish (5), name (5), osl (5), costa (5), multiple (5), vol (5), compared (5), issn (5), level (5), pdf (5), davis (5), rock (5), any (5), phrase (5), while (5), having (5), though (5), most (5), including (5), still (5), patterns (5), being (5), combined (5), his (5), across (5), various (5), recent (5), contents (4), search (4), additional (4), 2026 (4), references (4), short (4), different (4), croatian (4), bengali (4), henniker (4), sandy (4), samoan (4), pennsylvania (4), jargon (4), chinook (4), yuman (4), cochimí (4), chunk (4), dakota (4), salish (4), eastern (4), iroquoian (4), pawnee (4), families (4), general (4), dialects (4), extinct (4), chatino (4), catalan (4), oto (4), indo (4), european (4), canadian (4), maritime (4), ukrainian (4), names (4), example (4), known (4), further (4), signing (4), manually (4), coded (4), education (4), hungarian (4), chilean (4), linguistics (4), pitha (4), island (4), usa (4), rdaka (4), iltyeme (4), cayman (4), ireland (4), ghardaia (4), thai (4), tziij (4), southwest (4), doi (4), jstor (4), studies (4), complex (4), stories (4), jeffrey (4), account (4), knowledge (4), study (4), woodlands (4), single (4), length (4), over (4), sub (4), must (4), when (4), called (4), right (4), left (4), consonants (4), another (4), extent (4), motions (4), such (4), many (4), written (4), she (4), historically (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), view (3), terms (3), using (3), unsourced (3), description (3), endangered (3), california (3), home (3), armenian (3), persian (3), arabic (3), vietnamese (3), 2021 (3), kentish (3), francosign (3), manual (3), norwegian (3), finnish (3), islands (3), pidgin (3), franglais (3), texas (3), plautdietsch (3), country (3), orocovis (3), ktunaxa (3), anishinaabe (3), mohawk (3), coahuilteco (3), odham (3), hopi (3), bay (3), assiniboine (3), siouan (3), lower (3), salishan (3), northeastern (3), cherokee (3), lipan (3), caddoan (3), abenaki (3), potawatomi (3), englishes (3), york (3), albarradas (3), chontal (3), nahuatl (3), dene (3), manguean (3), 100 (3), dictionaries (3), quebec (3), newfoundland (3), same (3), open (3), visual (3), africa (3), notation (3), british (3), uruguayan (3), paraguayan (3), rupununi (3), guyanese (3), lsa (3), papua (3), guinean (3), zealand (3), ʻōlelo (3), far (3), australian (3), sawmill (3), salvadoran (3), msl (3), danish (3), belgian (3), sri (3), singapore (3), saudi (3), iraqi (3), indonesian (3), pakistani (3), hong (3), kong (3), são (3), tomé (3), rwandan (3), hausa (3), bura (3), cape (3), shuwa (3), ksl (3), tsl (3), signers (3), van (3), book (3), encyclopedia (3), people (3), mallery (3), washington (3), first (3), indians (3), 1958 (3), s2cid (3), 0020 (3), 7071 (3), 1086 (3), journal (3), oxford (3), 2018 (3), king (3), 978 (3), truth (3), narrative (3), communities (3), historical (3), cultural (3), community (3), january (3), before (3), online (3), institute (3), project (3), melanie (3), picture (3), americas (3), see (3), separated (3), well (3), packages (3), unit (3), junctures (3), variant (3), variants (3), case (3), strong (3), instead (3), common (3), stomach (3), divided (3), contrast (3), word (3), later (3), limited (3), phonological (3), class (3), referents (3), associated (3), time (3), them (3), articulated (3), how (3), long (3), variety (3), speed (3), respectively (3), similarly (3), although (3), now (3), through (3), narratives (3), past (3), future (3), read (3), pictographs (3), beyond (3), learn (3), itself (3), notably (3), tools (3), main (3), table (2), legal (2), privacy (2), policy (2), wikimedia (2), commons (2), last (2), categories (2), needing (2), statements (2), population (2), wikidata (2), pidgins (2), creoles (2), israel (2), national (2), authority (2), hebrew (2), serbo (2), punjabi (2), tamil (2), haitian (2), hindustani (2), tagalog (2), banzsl (2), settler (2), texan (2), alaskan (2), hawaiian (2), louisiana (2), chicano (2), hutterite (2), england (2), illinois (2), métis (2), hawai (2), michif (2), afro (2), trade (2), zuni (2), kutenai (2), haida (2), tonkawa (2), cotoname (2), atakapa (2), maricopa (2), wakashan (2), yaqui (2), paiute (2), tsimshian (2), taos (2), tanoan (2), osage (2), mandan (2), omaha (2), ponca (2), hidatsa (2), chehalis (2), thompson (2), okanagan (2), halkomelem (2), coeur (2), alene (2), sahaptin (2), nez (2), perce (2), penutian (2), kalapuya (2), wyandot (2), tuscarora (2), onondaga (2), cayuga (2), tsetsaut (2), tanana (2), mescalero (2), chiricahua (2), jicarilla (2), hän (2), mamulique (2), garza (2), comecrudo (2), comecrudan (2), wichita (2), arikara (2), miami (2), gros (2), ventre (2), ojibwe (2), munsee (2), maliseet (2), passamaquoddy (2), fox (2), algic (2), northwest (2), speech (2), italics (2), note (2), size (2), basque (2), jalisco (2), zapotec (2), unclassified (2), kʼicheʼ (2), yucatec (2), minority (2), broken (2), slavey (2), sioux (2), shuswap (2), ottawa (2), québec (2), chiac (2), originated (2), france (2), indicate (2), information (2), bsl (2), monastic (2), recognition (2), center (2), association (2), interpreters (2), deafness (2), abbé (2), films (2), paget (2), gorman (2), mouthing (2), esperanto (2), orientation (2), location (2), grammar (2), warluwara (2), kalkutungu (2), jaralde (2), diyari (2), chilmark (2), literature (2), venezuelan (2), uruguay (2), kajana (2), sivia (2), peruvian (2), inmaculada (2), carhuahuaran (2), paraguay (2), ecuadorian (2), provisle (2), terena (2), apor (2), cena (2), brazilian (2), libras (2), bolivian (2), argentine (2), samoa (2), wanib (2), sinasina (2), rossel (2), pngsl (2), mount (2), avejaha (2), mehek (2), kailge (2), enga (2), guinea (2), nzsl (2), yolŋu (2), yir (2), yoront (2), torres (2), strait (2), islander (2), desert (2), warramunga (2), warlmanpa (2), queensland (2), umpila (2), mudburra (2), manjiljarra (2), auslan (2), eltye (2), eltyarrenke (2), australia (2), keresign (2), panamanian (2), chiriqui (2), nicaraguan (2), honduran (2), guatemalan (2), greenlandic (2), ussersuataarneq (2), cuban (2), brunca (2), bribri (2), iur (2), belizean (2), turkish (2), mardin (2), taurus (2), ctsl (2), oti̇d (2), swiss (2), valencian (2), slovenian (2), macedonian (2), lithuanian (2), latvian (2), yugoslav (2), kosovar (2), icelandic (2), georgian (2), finland (2), estonian (2), faroese (2), teknmál (2), flemish (2), azerbaijani (2), austrian (2), ban (2), khor (2), pasa (2), kidd (2), chiangmai (2), bangkok (2), tibetan (2), bökyi (2), lagda (2), taiwanese (2), taiwan (2), lankan (2), filipino (2), maunabudhuk (2), bodhe (2), jumla (2), jhankot (2), ghandruk (2), mongolian (2), maldives (2), penang (2), malaysian (2), laotian (2), kazakh (2), miyakubo (2), kafr (2), israeli (2), sayyid (2), bedouin (2), qahveh (2), khaneh (2), esharani (2), kata (2), kolok (2), naga (2), alipur (2), hksl (2), cambodian (2), zambian (2), ugandan (2), tanzanian (2), somali (2), príncipean (2), lgstp (2), magajin (2), gari (2), mgsl (2), ibokun (2), ibsl (2), magannar (2), hannu (2), akure (2), aksl (2), mozambican (2), tebul (2), berbey (2), bamako (2), lasima (2), malawian (2), kenyan (2), bouakako (2), lasibo (2), nanabin (2), adamorobe (2), adasl (2), mumu (2), kasa (2), verdian (2), lgc (2), maroua (2), algerian (2), ethiopian (2), ysl (2), lsv (2), usl (2), lsm (2), jamaican (2), hsl (2), hawaiʻi (2), hoailona (2), lsc (2), hai (2), phong (2), original (2), fsl (2), kalispel (2), southeast (2), lsf (2), possible (2), levantine (2), kinship (2), 1885 (2), via (2), reading (2), garrick (2), 1881 (2), report (2), 1880 (2), rstb (2), 2020 (2), 0205 (2), society (2), kroeber (2), voegelin (2), thesis (2), mont (2), 2022 (2), early (2), hulst (2), harry (2), der (2), eds (2), 786 (2), 9781483346489 (2), 783 (2), 167 (2), 139 (2), tribe (2), research (2), minneapolis (2), minnesota (2), 0816646272 (2), publications (2), 1995 (2), sociolinguistics (2), lucas (2), ceil (2), supalla (2), samuel (2), 2006 (2), april (2), 2017 (2), wanawmanik (2), preservation (2), hair (2), 2012 (2), cambridge (2), 1998 (2), primary (2), toward (2), talkers (2), 2016 (2), sage (2), revive (2), 1930 (2), legislative (2), assembly (2), ontario (2), oklahoma (2), idea (2), extremely (2), rare (2), units (2), repeated (2), compound (2), near (2), separate (2), complete (2), sentence (2), ideas (2), preferred (2), likely (2), exclusively (2), utterances (2), content (2), recoil (2), chest (2), shoulder (2), pause (2), opposed (2), described (2), register (2), sitting (2), emphatic (2), extensive (2), syllable (2), individual (2), often (2), marked (2), prosodic (2), prosody (2), highly (2), specific (2), symmetry (2), condition (2), dominance (2), certain (2), conditions (2), unmarked (2), heavily (2), those (2), moves (2), function (2), processes (2), clusters (2), combinatorial (2), diphthongizing (2), members (2), classes (2), especially (2), since (2), exactly (2), diphthongized (2), phonotactics (2), random (2), doubly (2), status (2), purposes (2), unrounded (2), generate (2), rounded (2), ones (2), combine (2), specify (2), elbow (2), represent (2), tension (2), tense (2), present (2), force (2), parts (2), basic (2), place (2), wrist (2), been (2), twelve (2), working (2), way (2), four (2), consisting (2), part (2), paralleling (2), facing (2), analyzed (2), out (2), work (2), developed (2), able (2), down (2), would (2), petroglyphic (2), relation (2), during (2), colonization (2), parents (2), winter (2), counts (2), glyph (2), speaker (2), day (2), latter (2), sources (2), spatial (2), linear (2), positions (2), writes (2), pictographic (2), events (2), nakoda (2), haudenosaunee (2), spread (2), million (2), square (2), section (2), help (2), citations (2), geography (2), taken (2), records (2), europeans (2), already (2), own (2), term (2), etymology (2), potential (2), schools (2), pisl (2), recognised (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), links (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, apply, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, utc, hidden, containing, video, clips, set, citing, ethnologue, interlinguistics, based, https, org, index, php, title, plains_indian_sign_language, oldid, 1370247614, yale, lux, control, databases, topics, khmer, hmong, gujarati, telugu, hindi, urdu, immigrant, millions, taishanese, wisconsin, walloon, silesian, negerduits, jersey, virgin, siculish, negerhollands, angloromani, hebronics, spanglish, gullah, sabine, isleño, caló, californian, alsatian, bernese, hampshire, muskrat, mobilian, seminole, washo, karuk, yuchi, yana, tunica, tawasa, timucua, takelma, taensa, siuslaw, salinan, natchez, esselen, chitimacha, chimariko, alsea, yavapai, tiipai, quechan, mojave, kumeyaay, ipai, havasupai, hualapai, halchidhoma, cocopah, tule, kaweah, palewyami, kings, gashowu, buena, vista, wintu, nomlaki, patwin, wintuan, makah, tübatulabal, tongva, serrano, luiseño, kitanemuk, cupeño, chemehuevi, timbisha, shoshoni, mono, kawaiisu, ivilyuat, tamyen, rumsen, ramaytush, mutsun, karkin, chochenyo, chalon, awaswas, lake, utian, tsimshianic, piro, tewa, tiwa, picuris, jemez, woccon, tutelo, saponi, quapaw, ofo, moneton, mitchigamea, kansa, chiwere, catawba, biloxi, catawban, twana, tillamook, quinault, nooksack, lushootseed, klallam, cowlitz, columbia, moses, straits, southeastern, kashaya, pomoan, molala, klamath, atsugewi, achumawi, palaihnihan, houma, apalachee, muscogee, mikasuki, koasati, choctaw, chickasaw, alabama, muskogean, nisenan, maidu, chico, konkow, maiduan, yoncalla, kalapuyan, wenrohronon, susquehannock, nottoway, neutral, huron, erie, chevak, cup, siberian, yupik, yup, alutiiq, aleut, iñupiaq, eskaleut, wailaki, umpqua, tututni, tolowa, mattole, kwalhioqua, clatskanie, hupa, holikachuk, eyak, cahto, kuskokwim, tanacross, koyukon, gwich, dena, ina, deg, xinag, ahtna, dené, ventureño, purisimeño, obispeño, ineseño, cruzeño, barbareño, chumashan, tsinúk, kathlamet, chinookan, kitsai, caddo, tokelauan, refaluwasch, chamorro, austronesian, taíno, arawakan, wiyot, unami, quiripi, powhatan, pamlico, nawathinehena, narragansett, nanticoke, mohegan, pequot, mahican, loup, etchemin, yurok, shawnee, kmaq, menominee, massachusett, yeshiva, utah, mormon, michigan, older, philadelphia, pacific, midwestern, elite, accent, latino, city, orleans, midland, maine, cubonics, inland, high, tider, good, cajun, boston, baltimore, appalachian, brogue, affrilachian, ebonics, ordered, decreasing, romani, venetian, solano, quinigua, otomi, naolan, maratino, jumano, janambre, chumbia, guerrero, uhpɨneʼlu, tapachultec, zayahueco, zacateco, tubar, toboso, tepecano, tanpachoa, pochutec, ópata, coahuila, chiapas, guachichil, eudeve, concho, coca, caxcan, auteco, amotomanco, acaxee, monqui, coxoh, cabil, chicomuceltec, jitotoltec, seri, oaxaca, whistled, kikapú, kiliwa, kumiai, cucapá, paipai, ayapanec, olutec, texistepec, mezcalero, ixcatec, matlatzinca, chocholtec, chichimeca, jonaz, tacuate, pápago, pima, bajo, huarijío, awakatek, ixil, qatoʼk, teko, kaqchikel, jakaltek, lacandón, qʼeqchí, akatek, chuj, huave, isolate, popoluca, pame, cuicatec, popolocan, triqui, amuzgo, qʼanjobʼal, tabasco, mam, tojol, abʼal, tepehua, cora, tepehuán, mayo, huichol, tarahumara, purépecha, totonac, tlapanec, mazahua, chinantec, mazatec, otomí, mixtec, huastec, chʼol, tzotzil, tzeltal, style, guides, cantonese, mandarin, doukhobor, gaelic, labrador, bungee, beothuk, nuu, chah, nulth, kwakʼwala, heiltsuk, oowekyala, haisla, ditidaht, nisgaʼa, gitxsan, dakotan, squamish, shíshálh, saanich, pentlatch, nuxalk, lillooet, comox, tutchone, tsuutʼina, tsilhqotʼin, tlingit, tahltan, tagish, sekani, nicola, kaska, gwichʼin, dogrib, chipewyan, carrier, babine, witsuwitʼen, inuvialuktun, inupiaq, inuktitut, inuinnaqtun, naskapi, miꞌkmaq, innu, algonquin, ontarois, magoua, joual, chaouin, brayon, acadian, toronto, lunenburg, cascadian, nova, scotian, reflect, origin, natural, conversely, speaking, countries, denotes, given, tic, tac, tactile, army, arm, signals, outcry, loulis, washoe, chci, chimpanzee, baby, miscellaneous, world, theater, mimicry, gesture, arts, organisations, pierre, pélissier, sicard, valerie, sutton, roger, fouts, épée, laurent, clerc, braidwood, pär, aron, borg, jeanette, berglind, jabbar, baghtcheban, persons, television, shows, media, bilingual, bicultural, exact, malay, initialized, aslwrite, si5s, signwriting, hamburg, phabet, fingerspelling, nonmanual, feature, expression, bimodal, bilingualism, kent, profanity, idioms, signalong, makaton, venezuela, suriname, peru, guyana, ecuador, colombian, colombia, chile, brazil, bolivia, argentina, hawaiʻan, haoilona, hawaii, warumungu, warlpiri, ngada, mudbura, arrernte, akitiri, oceania, lesso, salvador, rico, panama, nicaragua, honduras, haiti, guatemala, greenland, cuba, rica, belize, ukraine, turkey, switzerland, sweden, spain, slovenia, russia, portugal, poland, norway, macedonia, netherlands, moldova, lithuania, latvia, kosovo, italy, iceland, hungary, greece, germany, georgia, lyons, estonia, denmark, croatia, kingdom, belgium, azerbaijan, austria, armenia, europe, vietnam, thailand, tibet, tajikistan, lanka, arabia, philippines, nepalese, nepal, mongolia, selangor, malaysia, laos, kazakhstan, korea, koniya, japan, qasem, kurdish, iraq, iranian, iran, benkala, balinese, indonesia, india, china, cambodia, bengal, asia, zambia, uganda, tanzania, somalia, somaliland, djibouti, mbour, senegal, príncipe, amarenga, rwanda, nigeria, mozambique, mali, malawi, kenya, ivory, ghana, verde, cameroon, algeria, village, zimsign, 150, sudanese, amami, groupings, zsl, yoruban, nanabinsl, mofu, gudur, burasl, vsl, ti̇d, trinidad, tobago, ttsl, lse, sssl, lessa, akr, amr, rennellese, lsp, ottoman, seraglio, harem, lsor, nksl, joseon, suhwa, isn, diné, burkina, mossi, bour, mauritian, maltese, konchri, sain, kisindo, kpisl, ssl, lak, qasim, uukturausingit, bissau, lensegua, ajsl, lsec, dogon, douentza, bhutanese, caucasian, harsneren, albanian, albsl, absl, afghan, providence, providencia, namibian, nsl, shassi, pjm, dgs, viittomakieli, teckenspråk, lgp, finssl, eritrean, erisl, sasl, fijian, nisl, eurosign, cepeda, peraza, trascorral, nohya, nohkop, chicán, highland, aab, mvsl, shouyu, hanguk, sueo, jsl, nihon, punjab, sindh, frontier, province, nepali, delhi, calcutta, bombay, beluchistan, bangalore, madras, sqeliz, secwepemcékst, nesilextcl, qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam, aninin, mstsl, chi, minh, hanoi, viet, tegnsprog, tegnspråk, táknmál, malagasy, tegnic, lsfb, vgt, lesho, tunisian, lis, gambian, ngt, serbian, hzj, yugoslavic, ржя, lsl, krsl, bulgarian, бже, ai̇d, ужм, slovak, spj, ögs, magyar, jelnyev, czech, čzj, austro, lsq, cypriot, κνγ, kng, ενγ, eng, chsl, leonean, nigerian, moroccan, ghanaian, chadian, francophone, françafrosign, yogyakarta, jakarta, bisindo, nusantaric, sgsl, prsl, bim, dominican, mandalay, yangon, burmese, basl, aslic, romanian, lsr, isl, eesti, viipekeel, dsgs, lsu, lspy, lsch, shanghai, macau, csl, zgs, omani, emirati, syrian, palestinian, lebanese, jordanian, yemeni, qatari, unified, libyan, kuwaiti, egyptian, arab, ishaaric, meriam, zendath, kesign, ngaatjatjarra, kartutjarra, yan, nhaŋu, worora, miriwoong, djingili, aboriginal, white, eagle, josephine, 1987, cleve, john, mcgraw, hill, company, 13821696, oclc, 9780070792296, kegl, judy, anne, clark, philo, google, books, government, printing, office, 552, 263, annual, bureau, ethnology, secretary, smithsonian, institution, 1879, mutes, etxepare, ricardo, irurtzun, aritz, 1824, 33745310, pmid, 8059529, pmc, 0962, 8436, 1098, 376, philosophical, transactions, royal, biological, sciences, gravettian, stencils, formatives, 144797783, 1264168, 464429, inquiry, 143152073, 1264173, 464434, tree, erich, 2009, 347, 26190558, 0302, 1475, mesoamerica, 1960, phd, 301872594, proquest, indiana, dresher, elan, oupblog, who, put, mail, 129, 121, 116, 115, meara, sean, hopkins, maren, spears, michael, ferguson, ignacio, colorado, anthropological, llc, ethnographic, ethnobotanical, bonita, peak, mining, district, 104, 105, 2003, patterson, rudolph, carol, 1993, albuquerque, avanu, publishing, 0936755137, myths, rio, grande, martineau, lavan, 1973, las, vegas, 9780916122300, rocks, begin, speak, 2008, univ, sociolinguistic, 106, 9781563680366, 1992, dawnsignpress, 9780915035304, crossing, park, 2015, october, linguistic, multilingualism, centre, albert, ashley, cbc, created, connect, culture, oen, carlos, september, tyee, fighting, save, flynn, darin, calgary, valdata
Text of the page (random words):
hai hong kong hksl macau chilean paraguayan uruguayan sign chilean lsch paraguayan uruguayan sign paraguay lspy uruguay lsu francosign algerian lsa swiss german dsgs estonian eesti viipekeel irish isl australian irish brazilian libras lithuanian catalan lsc valencian lsv french lsf old french c romanian lsr american aslic american asl black asl basl protactile bolivian burmese yangon mandalay cambodian costa rican dominican guyanese jamaican malaysian bim panamanian filipino fsl puerto rican prsl singapore sgsl indonesian nusantaric indonesian bisindo jakarta yogyakarta francophone african françafrosign ethiopian chadian ghanaian guinean bamako lasima moroccan nigerian sierra leonean mixed hand talk oneida osl mixed hoailona ʻōlelo creole hawaiʻi sign language chsl mixed french lsf greek ενγ eng cypriot κνγ kng quebec lsq austro hungarian czech čzj hungarian magyar jelnyev austrian ögs slovak spj ukrainian ужм usl russian sign azerbaijani ai̇d bulgarian бже georgian kazakh russian ksl krsl latvian lsl mongolian russian ржя yugoslavic sign croatian hzj kosovar serbian slovenian yugoslav ysl dutch sign dutch ngt gambian italian sign italian lis tunisian tsl mexican sign mexican lsm honduran lesho old belgian flemish vgt french belgian lsfb danish tegnic malagasy icelandic táknmál norwegian tegnspråk danish tegnsprog faroese teknmál viet thai hai phong hanoi ho chi minh thai tsl mstsl hand talk great basin northeast plains sign talk southeast southwest mixed american asl oneida osl plateau a aninin kalispel ktunaxa ʾa qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam nesilextcl n shuswap secwepemcékst sqeliz indo pakistani sign bangalore madras beluchistan bengali bombay calcutta delhi nepali north west frontier province punjab sindh japanese sign japanese jsl nihon shuwa korean ksl hanguk sueo taiwanese tsl taiwan shouyu kentish c old kentish chilmark martha s vineyard mvsl maya meemul tziij meemul ch aab al highland maya yucatec chicán nohkop nohya trascorral cepeda peraza nw eurosign banzsl auslan papua new guinean pngsl british bsl northern ireland nisl fijian fsl maritime msl new zealand nzsl samoan south african sasl swedish sign eritrean erisl finland swedish finssl portuguese lgp cape verdian lgc são tomé and príncipean lgstp swedish teckenspråk finnish viittomakieli german sign german dgs polish pjm israeli shassi original thai sign chiangmai hai phong old bangkok paget gorman namibian nsl providencia cayman sign providence island provisle old cayman guyanese isolates afghan akure aksl al sayyid bedouin absl albanian albsl albarradas sign language alipur argentine lsa armenian caucasian harsneren c bay islands belizean berbey bhutanese bouakako lasibo bribri brunca bura carhuahuaran cena central taurus ctsl oti̇d chatino chiriqui cuban lsc dogon douentza ecuadorian lsec enga ghandruk ghardaia ajsl guatemalan lensegua guinea bissau henniker c hausa hsl magannar hannu hawaiʻi hoailona ʻōlelo creole hsl ibokun ibsl inuit inuit uukturausingit iur greenlandic ussersuataarneq jhankot jumla ka apor kajana kafr qasim kailge kata kolok kenyan ksl lak somali ssl keresan pueblo kpisl keresign kisindo jamaican country ks konchri sain macedonian magajin gari mgsl malawian maltese lsm mardin maroua maunabudhuk bodhe mauritian msl m bour mehek miyakubo shuwa burkina mossi mount avejaha mozambican naga navajo diné family nicaraguan isn north korean nksl joseon suhwa old costa rican orocovis lsor ottoman seraglio harem ban khor pasa kidd penang persian esharani peruvian lsp inmaculada qahveh khaneh rennellese c rossel island rwandan akr amr sandy river valley c salvadoran lessa sawmill sinasina sssl sivia south rupununi spanish lse tebul terena tibetan bökyi lagda trinidad and tobago ttsl turkish ti̇d ugandan usl venezuelan lsv vsl wanib west african adamorobe adasl mumu kasa bura burasl mofu gudur nanabin nanabinsl yoruban ysl zambian zsl other groupings amami shuwa languages ethiopian languages laotian languages rwandan languages sri lankan languages sudanese languages 150 b tanzanian languages 7 b zimsign languages international sign village languages by region a sign languages by region africa algeria algerian ghardaia cameroon maroua cape verde cape verdian lgc ghana adamorobe adasl mumu kasa nanabin ivory coast bouakako lasibo kenya kenyan malawi malawian mali bamako lasima berbey tebul mozambique mozambican nigeria akure aksl bura hausa magannar hannu ibokun ibsl magajin gari mgsl rwanda rwandan amarenga são tomé and príncipe são tomé and príncipean lgstp senegal mbour somalia somaliland djibouti somali south africa south african tanzania tanzanian uganda ugandan zambia zambian asia bengal bengali cambodia cambodian china chinese hong kong hong kong hksl india alipur bengali indo pakistani naga indonesia indonesian kata kolok benkala balinese iran iranian esharani qahveh khaneh iraq iraqi kurdish israel al sayyid bedouin ghardaia israeli kafr qasem japan japanese koniya miyakubo korea north korean south korean kazakhstan kazakh russian laos laotian malaysia malaysian penang selangor maldives maldives mongolia mongolian nepal ghandruk jhankot jumla maunabudhuk bodhe nepalese philippines filipino saudi arabia saudi singapore singapore sri lanka sri lankan taiwan taiwanese tajikistan russian tibet tibetan bökyi lagda thailand old bangkok chiangmai thai ban khor pasa kidd vietnam vietnamese europe armenia armenian austria austrian azerbaijan azerbaijani belgium flemish french belgian united kingdom british croatia croatian denmark danish faroese teknmál estonia estonian finland finnish france ghardaia french lyons georgia georgian germany german greece greek hungary hungarian iceland icelandic ireland irish italy italian kosovo yugoslav kosovar latvia latvian lithuania lithuanian moldova russian netherlands dutch north macedonia macedonian northern ireland northern ireland norway norwegian poland polish portugal portuguese russia russian slovenia slovenian spain catalan spanish valencian sweden swedish switzerland swiss german turkey central taurus ctsl oti̇d mardin turkish ukraine ukrainian north and central america belize belizean canada american asl black asl protactile hand talk oneida osl plateau inuit iur maritime msl sawmill quebec cayman old cayman costa rica bribri brunca old costa rican new costa rican cuba cuban greenland greenlandic ussersuataarneq guatemala guatemalan mayan haiti haitian honduras bay islands honduran mexico albarradas chatino mayan mexican nicaragua nicaraguan panama chiriqui panamanian puerto rico usa american asl puerto rican orocovis el salvador salvadoran lesso old salvadoran united states american asl black asl protactile hand talk oneida osl plateau henniker keresan keresign martha s vineyard navajo family sandy river valley sawmill oceania australia akitiri eltye eltyarrenke arrernte iltyeme iltyeme auslan australian irish manjiljarra mudbura mudburra ngada umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warlpiri rdaka rdaka warumungu warramunga western desert western torres strait islander yir yoront yolŋu hawaii usa hawaiʻan haoilona ʻōlelo new zealand new zealand nzsl papua new guinea enga kailge mehek mount avejaha papua new guinean pngsl rossel island sinasina wanib samoa and american samoa samoan south america argentina argentine lsa bolivia bolivian brazil brazilian libras cena ka apor south rupununi terena chile chilean colombia colombian provisle ecuador ecuadorian guyana guyanese south rupununi paraguay paraguayan peru carhuahuaran inmaculada peruvian sivia suriname kajana uruguay uruguayan venezuela venezuelan international international sign makaton monastic signalong asl grammar idioms literature profanity name signs extinct languages chilmark diyari jaralde kalkutungu henniker sign language martha s vineyard old french old kent plateau sign language pitha pitha sandy river valley sign language warluwara linguistics grammar asl bimodal bilingualism phonology asl handshape location orientation movement expression mouthing nonmanual feature sign names home sign fingerspelling american british two handed catalan chilean esperanto french german hungarian irish japanese korean polish russian serbo croatian spanish ukrainian portuguese writing asl phabet hamburg notation system stokoe notation signwriting si5s aslwrite language contact contact sign initialized sign mouthing signed oral languages indian signing system manually coded english manually coded language in south africa manually coded malay paget gorman sign system signed dutch signed french signed german signed italian signed japanese signed polish signed spanish signing exact english signed swedish others bilingual bicultural education manually coded language media films list television shows list persons jabbar baghtcheban jeanette berglind pär aron borg thomas braidwood laurent clerc abbé de l épée roger fouts valerie sutton thomas gallaudet abbé sicard william stokoe pierre pélissier organisations association of visual language interpreters of canada international center on deafness and the arts theater of mimicry and gesture world association of sign language interpreters miscellaneous baby sign chci chimpanzee center washoe loulis open outcry legal recognition u s army hand and arm signals monastic sign languages tactile signing protactile tic tac a sign language names reflect the region of origin natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region for example french sign language originated in france but is not related to french conversely asl and bsl both originated in english speaking countries but are not related to each other asl however is related to french sign language b denotes the number if known of languages within the family no further information is given on these languages c italics indicate extinct languages v t e languages of canada official languages english black afro nova scotian cascadian franglais chiac indigenous lunenburg maritime newfoundland ottawa valley québec toronto french acadian brayon chaouin franglais chiac joual magoua métis newfoundland ontarois québec indigenous languages algonquian abenaki western algonquin blackfoot cree innu maliseet passamaquoddy miꞌkmaq munsee naskapi ojibwe ottawa potawatomi inuit inuinnaqtun inuktitut inupiaq inuvialuktun iroquoian cayuga mohawk oneida onondaga seneca tuscarora wyandot na dene babine witsuwitʼen carrier chipewyan dogrib gwichʼin hän kaska nicola sekani slavey tagish tahltan tlingit tsetsaut tsilhqotʼin tsuutʼina tutchone northern southern salishan comox halkomelem lillooet nuxalk okanagan pentlatch saanich shíshálh shuswap squamish thompson dakotan stoney sioux assiniboine tsimshian coast gitxsan nisgaʼa southern wakashan ditidaht haisla heiltsuk oowekyala kwakʼwala nuu chah nulth other beothuk haida kutenai pidgins creoles and mixed algonquian basque pidgin broken slavey bungee chinook jargon labrador inuit pidgin french michif minority languages canadian gaelic newfoundland irish spanish portuguese italian german pennsylvania hutterite plautdietsch polish ukrainian russian doukhobor arabic persian hindustani punjabi tamil mandarin cantonese korean vietnamese tagalog sign languages american sign language black american sign language protactile hand talk oneida sign language plateau sign language inuit sign language maritime sign language quebec sign language canadian style guides canadian dictionaries v t e languages of mexico official indigenous 100 000 speakers indo european spanish uto aztecan nahuatl mayan yucatec maya tzeltal maya tzotzil maya chʼol huastec oto manguean mixtec zapotec otomí mazatec chinantec mazahua tlapanec mixe zoquean mixe other totonac purépecha 10 000 100 000 speakers uto aztecan tarahumara huichol mayo yaqui tepehuán cora tepehua mayan tojol abʼal mam chontal de tabasco qʼanjobʼal oto manguean amuzgo chatino triqui popolocan cuicatec pame mixe zoquean sierra popoluca isolate huave under 10 000 speakers mayan chuj akatek qʼeqchí lacandón jakaltek kʼicheʼ kaqchikel teko qatoʼk ixil awakatek uto aztecan huarijío pima bajo pápago oto manguean tacuate chichimeca jonaz chocholtec matlatzinca ixcatec na dene mezcalero chiricahua western apache lipan mixe zoquean texistepec olutec ayapanec yuman cochimí paipai cucapá kumiai kiliwa algic kikapú whistled speech other chontal of oaxaca seri non official indigenous under 10 000 speakers mixe zoquean jitotoltec extinct mayan chicomuceltec cabil coxoh es yuman cochimí cochimí monqui comecrudan comecrudo garza mamulique uto aztecan acaxee amotomanco auteco caxcan coca concho eudeve guachichil northern chiapas nahuatl southern coahuila nahuatl ópata pochutec tanpachoa tepecano toboso tubar zacateco zayahueco es mixe zoquean tapachultec isolates coahuilteco cotoname uhpɨneʼlu unclassified guerrero chontal chumbia janambre jumano maratino naolan jalisco otomi quinigua solano jalisco zapotec non indigenous english french portuguese plautdietsch venetian basque catalan hebrew arabic romani japanese korean greek italian chinese german sign mexican sign language albarradas sign language mayan sign language plains indian sign language chatino sign language note the list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population v t e languages of the united states languages in italics are extinct english dialects of american english african american english ebonics affrilachian black brogue american indian english appalachian english baltimore english boston english cajun english california english chicano english general american english good american speech high tider english inland northern american english miami english cubonics maine english midland american english new england englishes eastern western new mexican englishes new orleans english new york city english new york latino english northeastern elite accent northern american english north central american upper midwestern english pacific northwest english philadelphia english puerto rican englishes southern american english older texan english upper michigan english utah mormon english western american english western pennsylvania english yeshiva english oral indigenous languages families algic western abenaki arapaho blackfoot cheyenne cree fox maliseet passamaquoddy massachusett menominee mi kmaq munsee ojibwe potawatomi shawnee yurok eastern abenaki etchemin gros ventre loup mahican miami illinois mohegan pequot nanticoke narragansett nawathinehena pamlico powhatan quiripi unami wiyot arawakan taíno austronesian chamorro hawaiian refaluwasch samoan tokelauan caddoan arikara pawnee caddo kitsai wichita chinookan kathlamet tsinúk upper chinook comecrudan comecrudo garza mamulique chumashan barbareño cruzeño ineseño obispeño purisimeño ventureño na dené ahtna deg xinag dena ina gwich in hän jicarilla koyukon lower tanana mescalero chiricahua navajo tanacross upper kuskokwim upper tanana western apache cahto eyak holikachuk hupa kwalhioqua clatskanie lipan mattole plains apache tolowa tsetsaut tututni upper umpqua wailaki ...
|
