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ems to improve army capabilities 14 technology and research alliances edit devcom arl collaborates with private industry and academia through collaborative technology alliances ctas and collaborative research alliances cras 5 ctas represent partnerships that focus on the rapid transition of new innovations and technologies found in academia to the u s manufacturing base through cooperation with private industry 15 cras represent partnerships that seek to further develop innovative science and technology in academia that pertains to army interests 16 globally devcom arl engaged in international technology alliances itas which facilitate collaborations for research and development with foreign government entities alongside academia and private industry 17 history edit background 1962 1985 edit the u s army elements that merged to form the u s army research laboratory arl trace their roots back to the research laboratories established under the u s army signal corps and the u s army ordnance corps 4 these laboratories provided research and development capabilities to the u s army s technical services that extended beyond traditional electronics and weapons research covering a wide range of scientific disciplines to keep pace with the speed of technological development after the second world war 18 19 in 1962 the authority over the research laboratories transferred to the newly created u s army materiel command amc as part of a major army reorganization 4 20 21 during this transition amc combined the watertown arsenal laboratories and the ordnance materials research office to form the army materials research agency 18 22 the facilities associated with the ordnance corps the ballistic research laboratory the human engineering laboratory the diamond ordnance fuze laboratories and the army materials research agency reported directly to amc headquarters on the other hand the facilities associated with the signal corps the atmospheric sciences laboratory the electronic components laboratory and the signal missile support agency reported to a major subordinate command in amc called the electronics command ecom 5 18 the distinctive unit insignia of labcom and later arl in its early years 23 over the next two decades amc repeatedly reorganized the laboratories and assigned them under different major subordinate commands based on the conclusions of various committee reviews during this time period the command itself underwent a name change from amc to the materiel development and readiness command darcom in 1976 and then back to amc in 1984 in 1985 amc officially activated the u s army laboratory command labcom under the direction of commanding general richard h thompson to assemble all the laboratories under a single major subordinate command 4 labcom contained the atmospheric sciences laboratory the ballistic research laboratory the electronics technology and devices laboratory the harry diamond laboratories the human engineering laboratory the materiel and mechanics research center renamed the materials technology laboratory during the transition the office of missile electronic warfare renamed the vulnerability assessment laboratory during the transition and the army research office 4 18 amc tasked labcom with advancing basic and applied research facilitating technology transfer and providing independent technical advice for the u s army 18 while management over the laboratories was centralized under a single command the research facilities were not physically relocated and remained dispersed across the country 19 formation of arl 1988 1992 edit in december 1988 the base realignment and closure brac identified the materials technology laboratory mtl in watertown massachusetts for closure due to its outdated facilities in opposition to mtl s planned closure labcom explored alternative solutions that would allow the laboratory and its capabilities to remain intact in some form in 1989 labcom introduced a proposal to establish a single physical entity that would consolidate all of its laboratories including mtl in one location 4 18 around the same time president george h w bush directed secretary of defense dick cheney to develop a plan to fully implement the recommendations made by the packard commission 19 24 25 as a result of this directive the u s army chartered the lab 21 study to evaluate the future of army in house research development and engineering activities conducted from november 1989 to february 1990 the lab 21 study made recommendations that aligned with labcom s proposal for a single centralized flagship laboratory 24 26 a second study known as the laboratory consolidation study took place in june 1990 and endorsed the army s plan to consolidate the laboratories under labcom however the proposal was modified to establish the centralized laboratory at two major sites adelphi maryland and aberdeen proving ground maryland accompanied by elements at white sands missile range new mexico and at nasa facilities in hampton virginia and cleveland ohio 19 24 in april 1991 the u s department of defense dod submitted the recommendations from the lab 21 study for the 1991 brac the laboratory consolidation plan was subsequently endorsed by the brac and approved by president bush 4 18 19 although the proposed centralized laboratory was originally referred to as the combat materiel research laboratory in the lab 21 study the name was ultimately changed to the army research laboratory 27 the army also decided to have a civilian director occupy the top management position with a general officer as deputy as opposed to the original plan of having a major general serve as a military commander alongside a civilian technical director 4 the u s army discontinued labcom and provisionally established the u s army research laboratory on july 23 1992 4 the seven labcom laboratories were consolidated to form arl s ten technical directorates 4 26 other army elements that arl absorbed included the low observable technology and application lota office the survivability management office smo a portion of the signatures sensors and signal processing technology organization s 3 to the advanced systems concepts office asco the army institute for research in management information communications and computer sciences airmics a portion of the systems research laboratory srl a portion of the chemical research development and engineering center crdec a portion of the army air mobility research and development laboratory amrdl a portion of the tank automotive command tacom research development and engineering center a portion of the belvoir research development and engineering center and a portion of the night vision and electro optics laboratory nveol 4 the consolidation of research elements which formed arl s directorates in 1992 4 advanced computational and information sciences directorate ballistic research laboratory computer technology elements army institute for research in management information communications and computer sciences battlefield environment directorate atmospheric sciences laboratory electronics and power sources directorate electronics technology and devices laboratory harry diamond laboratories microelectronics elements human research and engineering directorate human engineering laboratory systems research laboratory manprint elements materials directorate materials technology laboratory belvoir research development and engineering center basic and applied materials research elements sensors signatures signal and information processing directorate harry diamond laboratories signatures sensors and signal processing technology organization night vision and electro optics laboratory research and development elements survivability lethality analysis directorate vulnerability assessment laboratory ballistic research laboratory vulnerability analysis elements harry diamond laboratories analytical functions for nuclear weapons survivability management office chemical research development and engineering center survivability analysis elements vehicle propulsion directorate tank automotive command research development and engineering center army air mobility research and development laboratory army propulsion directorate vehicle structures directorate materials technology laboratory structures elements army air mobility research and development laboratory army aerostructures directorate weapons technology directorate ballistic research laboratory harry diamond laboratories technology base research functions for nuclear weapons low observable technology and application office survivability management office the u s army formally activated the u s army research laboratory on october 2 1992 with richard vitali the former labcom director of corporate laboratories positioned as acting director and colonel william j miller as deputy director 4 18 once arl established adelphi and aberdeen proving ground as the laboratory s two main campuses labcom s research activities at watertown were transferred to arl s aberdeen site while the activities at fort monmouth were moved to adelphi 6 early history 1992 2002 edit an early logo of arl upon creation the u s army research laboratory became responsible for advancing the long term scientific and technological goals of the u s army having absorbed the research laboratories that constituted labcom arl inherited labcom s duties and functions including the central management of the army s fundamental research efforts to enable the transition of new technologies into fielded systems 6 19 like labcom arl concentrated on executing in house basic and applied research whose results informed the direction of materiel development for amc s research development and engineering centers rdecs and other customers in the army acquisition process 6 18 this arrangement paralleled the industry model where a central laboratory provides product development support to multiple research and development centers thus signaling arl s identity as the army s corporate laboratory 6 arl was also expected to cultivate and maintain a high level of in house scientific and engineering knowledge to provide technical advice to u s army leaders and perform technology assessments in continuation of labcom s smart buyer service 19 from the outset arl s strategic trajectory shifted significantly in response to the changing needs and priorities of the army following operation desert storm and the collapse of the soviet union army funding for labcom underwent a steep decline since the fall of the berlin wall in 1989 and additional cuts to defense spending brought about by the end of the cold war placed significant financial pressure on the newly formed arl 6 at the same time the outcome of the gulf war demonstrated the importance of technological superiority in modern warfare and the army sought to preserve its advantageous position at the forefront of technological development after operation desert storm u s army chief of staff general gordon r sullivan directed amc to develop technology that would digitize the battlefield by enabling real time situational awareness for battlefield commanders at all levels arl was subsequently tasked with developing the scientific underpinnings of this envisioned technology as its new mission while facing pressures to downsize at the same time these conditions prompted arl to change its approach to how it carried out fundamental research 5 6 19 in december 1994 arl s first director john w lyons launched a laboratory reform campaign based on a new concept of operations called the federated laboratory or fedlab the fedlab approach leveraged the private sector s existing research infrastructure in information technology which had surpassed that of the military to advance the army s goals in developing and fielding its own wireless digital communications technology for the battlefield environment at the same time this partnership revealed insights into army requirements to industry promoted the development of dual use solutions and increased the integration of commercial standards and products in the army for this plan arl employed the department of defense s newly acquired authority to execute cooperate agreements to forge a closer working partnership with the private sector the use of cooperative agreements allowed arl to jointly plan and execute technical programs with the agreement recipients whereas standard contractual processes precluded arl researchers from engaging in the technical work as active participants through this arrangement arl could establish a consortium with partners in industry and academia where the private sector leads the advancement of a technology area while arl s in house capabilities and knowledge base keep the research aligned with the army s strategic objectives in january 1996 arl entered into five year cooperative agreements with multiple industry and university partners to establish three consortia one for advanced sensors one for telecommunications and one for display technology 4 6 arl concluded the fedlab consortia in 2001 over the duration of the initiative arl oversaw staff exchanges with its private sector partners to cement gains in scientific and institutional knowledge having a fifth of the partners technical staff working at arl and an equivalent number of arl staff working in the partners laboratories at any given time arl then transitioned the fedlab concept to establish the collaborative technology alliances cta program as the laboratory s primary mechanism for executing large scale collaboration initiatives with the private sector 18 the fedlab reform campaign also entailed significant internal restructuring to streamline arl s support functions to increase efficiency and enhance organizational cohesion in the face of significant personnel drawdown 6 beginning in april 1995 the bulk of the sensors signatures signal and information processing directorate s 3 i merged with portions of the electronics and power sources directorate epsd to form the sensors directorate sen the remaining information processing branch of s 3 i joined the military computer science branch of the advanced computational and information sciences directorate acis the bulk of the battlefield environment directorate bed and portions of epsd to create the information science and technology directorate ist while the rest of epsd became the physical sciences directorate psd the remainder of acis was reorganized into the advanced simulation and high performance computing directorate ashpc bed s atmospheric analysis and assessment team was also transitioned into the survivability lethality analysis directorate slad in 1996 arl underwent further restructuring in response to calls by the u s army to decrease the number of directorates the laboratory formed the weapons and materials research directorate wmrd by combining the weapons technology directorate and the materials directorate it also cr...
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