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now in the public domain kaufmann kohler 1901 1906 ḥanukkah in singer isidore et al eds the jewish encyclopedia new york funk wagnalls goldman ari l 2000 being jewish the spiritual and cultural practice of judaism today simon schuster p 141 isbn 978 0 684 82389 8 1 maccabees 4 36 59 2 maccabees 10 5 6 spiezer j zelinger y zissu b 2026 the rural hinterland of jerusalem in the hasmonean period journal of ancient judaism 17 1 80 121 1 2 3 4 5 levine 2008 p 37 1 2 lester l grabbe 2010 an introduction to second temple judaism history and religion of the jews in the time of nehemiah the maccabees hillel and jesus a c black pp 19 20 26 29 isbn 978 0 567 55248 8 archived from the original on 2023 08 30 retrieved 2015 04 03 bahat 1999 p 58 1 2 3 4 bahat 1999 p 38 1 2 flavius josephus the jewish war exodus 30 13 josephus antiquities of the jews xv 420 421 1 2 3 bahat 1999 pp 38 39 antiquities of the jews xv 382 7 mishnah eduyot 8 6 1 2 3 4 levine 2008 p 36 babylonian talmud ta anit 23a josephus antiquities of the jews xv 425 gospel of john 2 20 josephus antiquities of the jews xvii 200 209 1 2 3 4 goodman 2006 p 48 quoted by josephus in antiquities of the jews xii 136 loeb classical library version translated by ralph marcus tacitus histories 5 8 1 loeb classical library version translated by clifford h moore patrich 2024 p 3 mishnah orlah 2 12 gospel of luke 2 46 47 21 37 acts of the apostles 2 3 gospel of john 10 23 30 acts of the apostles 3 11 26 5 12 16 babylonian talmud pesahim 26a seder olam rabbah chapter 30 tosefta zevahim 13 6 jerusalem talmud megillah 18a babylonian talmud megillah 11b 12a arakhin 12b baba bathra 4a maimonides mishneh torah hil shmita ve yovel 10 3 cf goldwurm hersh history of the jewish people the second temple era archived 2023 08 30 at the wayback machine mesorah publications 1982 appendix year of the destruction p 213 isbn 978 0 89906 454 3 middot 3 6 birnbaum philip 1975 kodashim a book of jewish concepts new york hebrew publishing company pp 541 542 isbn 978 0 88482 876 1 epstein isidore ed 1948 introduction to seder kodashim the babylonian talmud vol 5 singer m h translator london the soncino press pp xvii xxi arzi abraham 1978 kodashim encyclopedia judaica vol 10 1st ed jerusalem keter publishing house ltd pp 1126 1127 yoma 21b 7 www sefaria org archived from the original on 2022 01 07 retrieved 2019 08 05 babylonian talmud bava batra 4a babylonian talmud sukkah 51b sukkah 51b 5 www sefaria org retrieved 2025 07 03 1 2 goodman 2006 p 49 lawrence schiffman descriptions of the jerusalem temple in josephus and the temple scroll in chapter 11 of the courtyards of the house of the lord brill 2008 isbn 978 90 04 12255 0 leen and kathleen ritmeyer 1998 secrets of jerusalem s temple mount tacitus histories v 5 5 petrech edelcopp four stages in the evolution of the temple mount revue biblique 2013 pp 343 344 mahieu b between rome and jerusalem ola 208 leuven peeters 2012 pp 147 165 dan bahat touching the stones of our heritage israeli ministry of religious affairs 2002 sanders e p the historical figure of jesus penguin 1993 p 249 funk robert w and the jesus seminar the acts of jesus the search for the authentic deeds of jesus harpersanfrancisco 1998 mazar benjamin 1979 the royal stoa in the southern part of the temple mount proceedings of the american academy for jewish research 46 47 381 387 doi 10 2307 3622363 issn 0065 6798 jstor 3622363 israel antiquities authority archived from the original on 2021 03 05 retrieved 2017 01 09 luke 4 9 kittel gerhard ed 1976 1965 theological dictionary of the new testament volume iii translated by bromiley geoffrey w grand rapids michigan wm b eerdmans p 236 strong s concordance 4419 mazar benjamin 1975 the mountain of the lord doubleday p 149 josephus war 5 5 2 198 m mid 1 4 josephus war 1 648 655 ant 17 149 63 on this see inter alia albert baumgarten herod s eagle in aren m maeir jodi magness and lawrence h schiffman eds go out and study the land judges 18 2 archaeological historical and textual studies in honor of hanan eshel jsj suppl 148 leiden brill 2012 pp 7 21 jonathan bourgel herod s golden eagle on the temple gate a reconsideration archived 2023 08 30 at the wayback machine journal of jewish studies 72 2021 pp 23 44 bouflet joachim 2023 fraudes mystiques récentes maria valtorta 1897 1961 anachronismes et incongruités impostures mystiques mystical frauds in french éditions du cerf isbn 978 2 204 15520 5 magness 2024 p 195 patrich 2024 p 15 1 2 levine 2008 p 38 jaffa jewishencyclopedia com www jewishencyclopedia com retrieved 2025 09 01 sanders e p the historical figure of jesus penguin 1993 ehrman bart d jesus interrupted harpercollins 2009 isbn 978 0 06 117393 6 1 2 3 safrai et al 1988 p 895 mishnah bikkurim 3 3 4 translation by joshua kulp 1 2 abadi szypuła marciak 2024 p 173 josephus antiquities of the jews iv 203 204 goodman 2006 pp 47 48 philo of alexandria the special laws i 70 goodman 2016 p 80 the jewish war vi 423 1 2 doering 2012 p 575 mishnah pesahim v 5 7 mishnah pesachim 7 1 2 1 2 doering 2012 p 576 1 2 3 4 5 6 doering 2012 p 577 mishnah menahot 10 6 mishnah bikkurim 1 3 for example josephus antiquities of the jews viii 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 doering 2012 p 578 for example mishnah rosh hashana 1 2 1 2 safrai et al 1988 p 894 josephus antiquities of the jews iii 245 mishnah sukkah 3 9 mishnah sukkah 4 5 6 mishnah sukkah 4 9 10 mishnah sukkah 5 1 5 1 2 3 4 doering 2012 p 580 1 2 zion ilan ben 22 october 2015 ancient temple mount warning stone is closest thing we have to the temple the times of israel archived from the original on 2023 08 30 retrieved 2022 10 16 thiessen matthew 2011 contesting conversion genealogy circumcision and identity in ancient judaism and christianity oxford university press pp 87 110 isbn 9780199914456 to the place of trumpeting hebrew inscription on a parapet from the temple mount jerusalem the israel museum archived from the original on 30 august 2023 retrieved 24 july 2020 1 2 mazar eilat 2002 the complete guide to the temple mount excavations jerusalem shoham academic research and publication pp 55 57 isbn 978 965 90299 1 4 debris removed from temple mount sparks controversy the jerusalem post jpost com archived from the original on 2022 10 04 retrieved 2020 07 25 gaffney sean 2007 09 24 herod s temple quarry found usa today com archived from the original on 2010 08 09 retrieved 2013 08 31 second temple flooring restored haaretz archived from the original on 16 may 2022 retrieved 13 october 2019 kershner isabel 8 december 2015 a carved stone block upends assumptions about ancient judaism the new york times archived from the original on 6 may 2020 retrieved 9 december 2015 hebrew calendar www cgsf org archived from the original on 2018 12 24 retrieved 2018 11 14 bunson matthew 1995 a dictionary of the roman empire oxford university press p 212 isbn 978 0 19 510233 8 archived from the original on 2023 08 30 retrieved 2022 02 11 goldenberg robert 2006 the destruction of the jerusalem temple its meaning and its consequences in katz steven t ed the cambridge history of judaism volume 4 the late roman rabbinic period the cambridge history of judaism vol 4 cambridge cambridge university press pp 194 195 doi 10 1017 chol9780521772488 009 isbn 978 0 521 77248 8 retrieved 2024 09 16 josephus the jewish war 6 6 3 archived 2023 08 30 at the wayback machine quote so he titus gave orders to the soldiers both to burn and plunder the city who did nothing indeed that day but on the next day they set fire to the repository of the archives to acra to the council house and to the place called ophlas at which time the fire proceeded as far as the palace of queen helena which was in the middle of acra the lanes also were burnt down as were also those houses that were full of the dead bodies of such as were destroyed by famine josephus the jewish war 7 1 1 quote caesar gave orders that they should now demolish the entire city and temple but should leave as many of the towers standing as were of the greatest eminence that is phasael and hippicus and mariamme and so much of the wall as enclosed the city on the west side this wall was spared in order to afford a camp for such as were to lie in garrison as were the towers also spared in order to demonstrate to posterity what kind of city it was and how well fortified which the roman valour had subdued ben shahar meir 2015 when was the second temple destroyed chronology and ideology in josephus and in rabbinic literature journal for the study of judaism in the persian hellenistic and roman period 46 4 5 brill 562 doi 10 1163 15700631 12340439 jstor 24667712 midrash rabba eikha rabba 1 32 bruce johnston 15 june 2001 colosseum built with loot from sack of jerusalem temple telegraph archived from the original on 2022 01 11 alföldy géza 1995 eine bauinschrift aus dem colosseum zeitschrift für papyrologie und epigraphik 109 195 226 jstor 20189648 moormann 2023 pp 254 255 1 2 3 4 5 moormann 2023 pp 256 257 1 2 3 procopius de bello vandalico 4 9 4 1 2 3 levine 2008 p 42 jonathan sacks the three weeks and tisha b av rabbisacks org accessed july 15 2026 the period known as the three weeks also known in hebrew as bein ha metzarim between the straits days of distress is the saddest period in the jewish calendar customs of mourning are observed during this time to commemorate the destruction of the first and second temples tisha b av this is the saddest day in the jewish calendar when the destruction of both the first and second temples is commemorated shurpin yehuda what you need to know about the three weeks chabad org accessed july 15 2026 the three weeks beginning on the 17th of tammuz and concluding with the 9th of av tisha b av are a solemn period of mourning that commemorates a series of tragic events in jewish history primarily the destruction of the first and second temples in jerusalem wolpe david breaking the glass the times of israel july 29 2021 accessed july 15 2026 before the groom steps on a glass to conclude the wedding ceremony there is a tradition of reciting part of the 137th psalm if i forget thee o jerusalem the most immediate explanation of this is that stepping on the glass commemorates the tragedies of jewish history particularly the destruction of the temple so as we mark the destruction and exile we promise not to forget levine 2008 pp 40 44 a house unfinished national jewish outreach program july 31 2014 accessed july 15 2026 the hebrew name for the holy temple is the beit hamikdash the house of holiness a term that invokes a warm sentiment of a place where one is at home it is therefore perhaps appropriate that one of the ways of mourning the loss of the beit hamikdash 2 000 years ago is to mark one s home to properly fulfill this custom one who builds a new house should leave a one cubit by one cubit about 18 inches by 18 inches square of wall without paint plaster or wall paper as per rabbi hisda s comment the unfinished square is generally created near the entrance to the house either above or opposite the door a christian view of the coming temple opinion the jerusalem post christian world archived from the original on 2022 08 07 retrieved 2022 07 24 modern sources abadi omri szypuła bartłomiej marciak michał 30 september 2024 the jerusalem pilgrimage road in the second temple period an anthropological and archaeological perspective archaeological and anthropological sciences 16 173 doi 10 1007 s12520 024 02261 0 inactive 18 july 2025 retrieved 2025 03 24 cite journal cs1 maint doi inactive as of july 2025 link bahat dan 1999 the herodian temple in horbury william davies w d sturdy john eds the early roman period the cambridge history of judaism vol 3 cambridge university press pp 38 58 isbn 978 1 139 05366 2 doering lutz 2012 sabbath and festivals in hezser catherine ed the oxford handbook of jewish daily life in roman palestine vol 3 oxford university press pp 566 586 doi 10 1093 oxfordhb 9780199216437 013 0031 isbn 978 0 199 21643 7 goodman martin 2006 the temple in first century judaism judaism in the roman world ancient judaism and early christianity vol 66 brill pp 47 58 isbn 978 9 047 41061 4 goodman martin 2016 the roman state and jewish diaspora communities in the antonine age in furstenberg yair ed jewish and christian communal identities in the roman world ancient judaism and early christianity vol 94 brill pp 73 84 isbn 9789004321694 levine lee i 2008 jerusalem in jewish history tradition and memory in mayer tamar mourad suleiman a eds jerusalem idea and reality london routledge pp 27 47 doi 10 4324 9780203929773 isbn 978 0 203 92977 3 magness jodi 2024 jerusalem through the ages from its beginnings to the crusades new york ny oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 093780 5 moormann e m 2023 judaea at the tiber sacred objects from judaea and their new function in imperial rome in troelenberg eva maria despoina tsiafakis eds reading greek and hellenistic roman spolia vol 5 pp 238 262 doi 10 1163 9789004682702_014 isbn 978 90 04 68269 6 patrich joseph 2024 the jerusalem temple and the temple mount collected essays wissenschaftliche untersuchungen zum neuen testament vol 514 tübingen mohr siebeck isbn 978 3 16 163269 3 reich ronny 2017 the archaeological manifestation of jerusalem as the jewish temple city in the early roman second temple period revue biblique 1946 124 4 545 567 issn 0035 0907 jstor 26794032 safrai shmuel stern menahem flusser david van unnik w c eds 1988 the jewish people in the first century volume 2 historical geography political history social cultural and religious life and institutions compendia rerum iudaicarum ad novum testamentum vol 1 2 brill isbn 978 90 04 27509 6 further reading library resources about second temple online books resources in your library resources in other libraries grabbe lester 2008 a history of the jews and judaism in the second temple period 2 vols new york t t clark nickelsburg george 2005 jewish literature between the bible and the mishnah a historical and literary introduction 2nd ed minneapolis minnesota fortress schiffman lawrence ed 1998 texts and traditions a source reader for the study of second temple and rabbinic judaism hoboken new jersey ktav stone michael ed 1984 the literature of the jewish people in the period of the second temple and the talmud 2 vols philadelphia pennsylvania fortress external links wikimedia commons has media related to second jewish temple in jerusalem second temple and talmudic era archived 2021 02 24 at the wayback machine the jewish history resource center project of the dinur center for research in jewish history the hebrew university of jerusalem jewish encyclopedia temple of herod jewish encyclopedia temple the second 4 enoch the online encyclopedia of second temple judaism pbs frontline temple culture picture gallery of a model of the temple v t e temple mount al aqsa jewish elements temple solomon s temple ark of the covenant tabernacle second temple altar sanctuary hol...
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