Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
waldeck, rousseau, life, of, june, pierre, contents, early, under, the, third, republic, death, publication, speeches, honours, ministry, 22, 1899, 1902, in, popular, culture, see, also, references, further, reading, capital, labour, relations, law, practice, return, to, political, coalition, cabinet, social, policy, associations, bill, 1901,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (217), and (88), rousseau (37), #waldeck (36), was (33), his (29), minister (23), with (22), from (20), edit (20), for (20), france (19), republic (18), french (16), were (14), third (13), wikipedia (11), all (11), 1904 (11), 1902 (11), that (11), republican (10), 1900 (10), bill (10), pierre (9), this (9), articles (9), chamber (9), government (9), millerand (9), 1899 (9), work (9), labour (9), law (9), under (8), january (8), state (8), public (8), new (8), alexandre (8), associations (8), had (8), which (8), interior (7), dupuy (7), speeches (7), also (7), 1901 (7), june (7), may (6), page (6), 1911 (6), august (6), prime (6), marie (6), briand (6), gambetta (6), york (6), one (6), workers (6), they (6), policy (5), edited (5), deputies (5), other (5), combes (5), ferry (5), july (5), émile (5), political (5), article (5), times (5), set (5), their (5), history (5), paris (5), early (5), councils (5), into (5), hours (5), cabinet (5), supported (5), life (5), bar (5), contents (4), search (4), members (4), politicians (4), union (4), nantes (4), faure (4), laval (4), ribot (4), loubet (4), freycinet (4), second (4), louis (4), charles (4), jean (4), 1914 (4), 1870 (4), further (4), chisholm (4), after (4), modern (4), socialists (4), published (4), des (4), institutions (4), social (4), president (4), ministry (4), 1883 (4), against (4), having (4), himself (4), coalition (4), religious (4), representatives (4), passed (4), years (4), labor (4), made (4), jules (4), main (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), view (3), text (3), september (3), britannica (3), 2020 (3), october (3), links (3), pages (3), 2012 (3), introduction (3), short (3), loire (3), department (3), 1846 (3), norway (3), national (3), authority (3), philippe (3), gaulle (3), queuille (3), blum (3), daladier (3), chautemps (3), herriot (3), tardieu (3), poincaré (3), brisson (3), dufaure (3), broglie (3), defense (3), soult (3), succeeded (3), church (3), war (3), harper (3), reading (3), 254 (3), 253 (3), rené (3), ernest (3), publication (3), court (3), london (3), party (3), 1910 (3), 2010 (3), les (3), circulaires (3), extraits (3), cahiers (3), chatefp (3), mai (3), 2001 (3), health (3), education (3), république (3), left (3), see (3), council (3), popular (3), changes (3), industry (3), during (3), order (3), later (3), death (3), put (3), who (3), served (3), office (3), general (3), organized (3), but (3), far (3), most (3), 1882 (3), employers (3), decrees (3), noted (3), study (3), departmental (3), various (3), introduced (3), december (3), year (3), returned (3), republicans (3), personal (3), crisis (3), return (3), relations (3), capital (3), became (3), 1885 (3), when (3), local (3), 1881 (3), appointed (3), tools (3), languages (2), table (2), legal (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), terms (2), wikimedia (2), use (2), commons (2), attribution (2), last (2), categories (2), incorporating (2), encyclopædia (2), citation (2), needing (2), clarification (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), wayback (2), april (2), covered (2), wikiproject (2), wikify (2), cleanup (2), description (2), different (2), wikidata (2), senators (2), ministers (2), democratic (2), alliance (2), title (2), united (2), fast (2), deputy (2), revolution (2), related (2), chirac (2), pleven (2), bidault (2), schuman (2), flandin (2), pétain (2), sarraut (2), doumergue (2), paul (2), painlevé (2), leygues (2), clemenceau (2), caillaux (2), monis (2), rouvier (2), perier (2), molé (2), thiers (2), richelieu (2), preceded (2), politics (2), cambridge (2), its (2), origins (2), press (2), now (2), tried (2), suicide (2), nationalist (2), 1886 (2), martin (2), creation (2), action (2), libérale (2), populaire (2), online (2), socialism (2), forth (2), writings (2), programmes (2), ensor (2), edition (2), revised (2), enlarged (2), brothers (2), albemarle (2), street (2), 155 (2), version (2), nineteenth (2), coll (2), strikes (2), protection (2), lacassagne (2), references (2), where (2), key (2), culture (2), posts (2), colonies (2), galliffet (2), honours (2), 1889 (2), leyret (2), 1906 (2), surgery (2), died (2), senate (2), congregations (2), recognition (2), needed (2), opposition (2), therefore (2), election (2), anti (2), clerical (2), catholic (2), alp (2), stronger (2), seats (2), parliament (2), important (2), again (2), being (2), time (2), common (2), object (2), civil (2), power (2), took (2), higher (2), following (2), questions (2), composed (2), those (2), conditions (2), inquiries (2), contracts (2), cases (2), authorities (2), trade (2), suggest (2), report (2), laws (2), march (2), working (2), female (2), young (2), daily (2), worker (2), encouraged (2), while (2), regional (2), out (2), such (2), rest (2), same (2), high (2), force (2), support (2), through (2), down (2), wine (2), act (2), been (2), dubbed (2), country (2), judicial (2), before (2), success (2), allow (2), rennes (2), free (2), dreyfus (2), considerable (2), next (2), stood (2), not (2), clear (2), practice (2), system (2), service (2), establishment (2), committee (2), six (2), father (2), nazaire (2), born (2), learn (2), lead (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), read (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, additional, apply, using, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, 2026, utc, hidden, encyclopaedia, wikisource, reference, 2021, language, sources, webarchive, template, ipa, dmy, dates, burials, montmartre, cemetery, 4th, 3rd, 2nd, deaths, births, retrieved, https, org, index, php, pierre_waldeck, oldid, 1375680274, yale, lux, open, library, idref, deutsche, biographie, sycomore, people, musée, orsay, artists, belgium, israel, vatican, poland, greece, netherlands, italy, bnf, data, states, worldcat, gnd, viaf, isni, international, control, databases, defunct, pre, chief, lecornu, bayrou, barnier, attal, borne, castex, cazeneuve, valls, ayrault, fillon, villepin, raffarin, jospin, juppé, balladur, bérégovoy, cresson, rocard, fabius, mauroy, barre, messmer, chaban, delmas, couve, murville, pompidou, debré, fifth, pflimlin, gaillard, bourgès, maunoury, mollet, mendès, laniel, mayer, pinay, ramadier, fourth, gouin, provisional, darlan, vichy, reynaud, bouisson, boncour, steeg, françois, marsal, viviani, barthou, sarrien, méline, bourgeois, casimir, tirard, floquet, goblet, fallières, duclerc, waddington, rochebouët, simon, buffet, cissey, trochu, cousin, montauban, ollivier, empire, faucher, hautpoul, barrot, cavaignac, arago, dupont, eure, guizot, mortier, maret, gérard, laffitte, monarchy, prince, mortemart, polignac, martignac, villèle, decazes, dessolles, talleyrand, restoration, heads, offices, partin, malcolm, duke, 1969, anticlericalism, 1905, mayeur, madeleine, rebirioux, 1987, passim, great, 1871, mcmanners, john, row, 1972, 125, vol, 11th, university, hugh, domain, incorporates, news, 36824, dies, operation, premier, worse, illness, robert, fuller, 202, movement, 2011, benjamin, example, formation, 1976, 660, 689, historical, studies, justinien, raymond, november, modified, 2024, entry, étienne, childhood, century, among, classes, populaires, colin, heywood, 2002, 319, editor, dorothy, porter, originally, 1994, vincent, duclert, imaginée, belin, histoire, 864, rizzo, socialiste, discuté, ministre, contesté, président, déchu, 1859, 1943, harmattan, chemins, mémoire, 2013, 111, 112, 1830, 1968, edward, shorter, tilly, 1974, 145, 146, intermediation, finding, employment, twentieth, centuries, editors, sigrid, wadauer, alexander, mejstrik, thomas, buchner, 2015, 167, mary, lynn, stewart, 1989, mcgill, queen, mqup, 978, 7735, 6205, isbn, women, patriarchy, 1879, 1919, marc, renneville, centre, crhst, umr, 8560, 2005, cnrs, koyré, criminocorpus, machine, archived, criminologie, perdue, 1843, 1924, appears, urban, fantasy, novel, rank, anachronistically, referred, police, frank, baum, master, succeeds, gallifet, andré, commerce, telegraphs, transport, baudin, albert, decrais, agriculture, instruction, fine, arts, georges, navy, lanessan, justice, finance, joseph, marquis, foreign, affairs, théophile, delcassé, worship, grade, unknown, lunch, king, sweden, oscar, olav, barboux, 1908, troisième, plaidoyers, état, liberté, pour, 1903, discours, parlementaires, announced, suffering, calculus, liver, underwent, revealed, attempted, emerged, retirement, protest, construction, refused, applications, teaching, preaching, official, masse, approached, sections, efforts, name, battle, cry, side, target, abuse, result, decisive, victory, considered, task, ended, resigned, proved, strongest, personality, since, bloc, gauches, conservative, parties, opposed, policies, especially, mass, closure, schools, persecution, religion, led, facing, primarily, pro, base, better, financing, network, newspapers, fewer, measure, administration, sentiment, convinced, stability, demanded, restraining, previous, attempts, direction, failed, speech, recalled, fact, pass, declared, subjected, first, regulations, others, ensure, supremacy, royalist, sympathies, given, pupils, seminaries, principal, cause, passing, strong, measures, secure, presence, officers, undoubted, fidelity, positions, staff, question, volume, sociales, are, equally, advise, request, concerned, regarding, take, part, ordered, them, every, district, branches, represent, fix, standard, wages, fixing, once, governs, supplies, certain, make, suggestions, allotment, expenditure, grants, organizations, investigate, causes, prevailing, unemployment, remedies, annually, execution, instructions, concerning, improvements, limited, persons, age, travail, effectif, turned, tripartite, body, employer, alongside, aim, strengthen, fruitful, collaboration, scientific, followed, adversarial, discussions, introduce, direct, commissions, associated, inspectorate, suggestion, cover, travel, expenses, accepted, workplace, inspections, via, importance, follows, reforms, carried, course, premiership, issued, obliged, allowing, communes, departments, stipulate, periods, pay, scales, month, hour, day, manufacturing, sector, eight, postal, telegraph, sectors, authorized, weekly, period, run, february, major, condemnation, followers, worst, danger, past, kept, without, recourse, irritating, displays, staunch, displayed, remarkable, astuteness, winning, groups, amnesty, chiefly, unwearied, advocacy, went, smooth, acerbity, preceding, aiding, producing, discouraging, consumption, spirits, deleterious, liquors, suppressing, duties, three, hygienic, drinks, came, beginning, earlier, mandated, clerks, beer, cider, octroi, deroulède, initial, failure, forming, included, widely, socialist, repressor, former, post, quell, discontent, seething, end, agitations, specious, pretences, directed, etc, restore, independence, appeal, sink, differences, peril, met, some, degree, enabled, martial, completely, hand, then, find, compromise, negotiating, presidential, pardon, achieved, successful, intervention, creusot, alfred, boulangist, right, leagues, commune, radical, 1894, senator, conservatives, soon, bitter, enemies, received, 184, votes, retired, ballot, receive, absolute, majority, few, recognized, successor, fall, asked, form, opportunist, henri, félix, presidency, begun, practise, did, seek, devoted, famous, many, noteworthy, cold, penetrating, intellect, exposition, retained, 1893, panama, scandals, gustave, eiffel, preoccupation, between, large, share, securing, showed, administrative, ability, sought, obtained, central, could, defied, officials, establishing, relegation, along, friend, criminologist, feuillée, recidivists, penal, 1884, unions, family, strictly, spite, principles, nevertheless, enacted, grand, voted, abrogation, 1814, forbidding, sundays, days, compulsory, military, seminarists, divorce, reputation, drew, 1880, behalf, inquire, laic, mandatory, 1873, moved, electoral, program, stated, prepared, respect, liberties, except, conspiracy, educating, hatred, joined, parliamentary, group, léon, républicaine, son, delicate, child, whose, eyesight, difficult, entirely, verbal, studied, poitiers, 1869, record, ensured, reception, circles, sponsor, him, months, waiting, briefs, decided, home, join, abdicated, proclaimed, despite, youth, clerk, municipal, temporarily, carry, town, business, marched, contingent, though, saw, active, owing, lack, ammunition, private, store, commandeered, defence, napoleon, iii, saint, parisian, grévy, licentiate, leader, figured, elected, inférieure, constituent, assembly, 1848, advocate, brittany, politician, previously, occupied, latter, pjɛʁ, valdɛk, ʁuso, durvis, spouse, moderate, aged, corbeil, essonnes, details, photographed, nadar, how, remove, message, please, consider, expanding, aspects, provide, accessible, overview, too, adequately, points, summarize, section, redirected, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, download, pdf, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, permanent, link, what, here, actions, english, talk, yorùbá, українська, türkçe, svenska, русский, português, polski, norsk, bokmål, nederlands, latina, 한국어, 日本語, italiano, ido, հայերեն, magyar, français, suomi, euskara, español, esperanto, deutsch, čeština, català, brezhoneg, беларуская, مصرى, العربية, subsection, top, special, recent, community, portal, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,
Text of the page (random words):
eck rousseau wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 early life 2 under the third republic toggle under the third republic subsection 2 1 capital labour relations 2 2 law practice 2 3 return to political life 2 4 coalition cabinet 2 5 social policy 2 6 associations bill of 1901 3 death 4 publication of speeches 5 honours 6 waldeck rousseau s ministry 22 june 1899 7 june 1902 7 in popular culture 8 see also 9 references 10 further reading toggle the table of contents pierre waldeck rousseau 29 languages العربية مصرى беларуская brezhoneg català čeština deutsch esperanto español euskara suomi français magyar հայերեն ido italiano 日本語 한국어 latina nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский svenska türkçe українська yorùbá 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from waldeck rousseau prime minister of france from 1899 to 1902 this article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article january 2012 learn how and when to remove this message pierre waldeck rousseau waldeck rousseau photographed by nadar prime minister of france in office 22 june 1899 7 june 1902 president émile loubet preceded by charles dupuy succeeded by émile combes personal details born 2 december 1846 nantes france died 10 august 1904 1904 08 10 aged 57 corbeil essonnes france party moderate republicans democratic republican alliance spouse marie durvis pierre marie rené ernest waldeck rousseau french pjɛʁ valdɛk ʁuso 2 december 1846 10 august 1904 was a french republican politician who served as the prime minister of france from 1899 to 1902 he served as minister of the interior at the same time having previously occupied the latter office in 1881 1882 and 1883 1885 early life edit pierre waldeck rousseau was born in nantes brittany his father rené waldeck rousseau an advocate at the nantes bar and a leader of the local republican party figured in the revolution of 1848 as one of the deputies elected to the constituent assembly for loire inférieure 1 the son was a delicate child whose eyesight made reading difficult and his early education was therefore entirely verbal he studied law at poitiers and in paris where he took his licentiate in january 1869 his father s record ensured his reception in high republican circles jules grévy stood sponsor for him at the parisian bar after six months of waiting for briefs in paris early in 1870 he decided to return home and join the bar of saint nazaire in september when napoleon iii abdicated and a new republic was proclaimed despite his youth waldeck rousseau was appointed as clerk to the municipal committee temporarily appointed to carry on the town s business he organized the national defence at st nazaire and himself marched out with his contingent though they saw no active service owing to lack of ammunition their private store having been commandeered by the state 1 under the third republic edit in 1873 following the establishment of the third republic in 1870 waldeck rousseau moved to the bar of rennes and six years later was returned to the chamber of deputies in his electoral program he had stated that he was prepared to respect all liberties except those of conspiracy against the institutions of the country and of educating the young in hatred of the modern social order in the chamber he joined the republican union parliamentary group union républicaine and supported the policy of léon gambetta 1 the waldeck rousseau family was strictly catholic in spite of its republican principles nevertheless waldeck rousseau supported the jules ferry laws on public laic and mandatory education enacted in 1881 1882 in 1881 he became minister of the interior in gambetta s grand ministry he further voted for the abrogation of the law of 1814 forbidding work on sundays and fast days for one year of compulsory military service for seminarists and for the re establishment of divorce he made his reputation in the chamber by a report which he drew up in 1880 on behalf of the committee appointed to inquire into the french judicial system 1 capital labour relations edit his main preoccupation was with the relations between capital and labour and had a large share in securing the recognition of trade unions in 1884 he again became minister of the interior in the jules ferry cabinet of 1883 1885 when he showed considerable administrative ability he sought to put down the system by which civil posts were obtained through the local deputy and he made it clear that the central authority could not be defied by local officials 1 waldeck rousseau also introduced the bill which became the 27 may 1885 act establishing penal colonies dubbed law on relegation of recidivists along with martin feuillée the law was supported by gambetta and his friend the criminologist alexandre lacassagne 2 law practice edit waldeck rousseau had begun to practise at the paris bar in 1886 and in 1889 he did not seek re election to the chamber but devoted himself to his legal work the most famous of the many noteworthy cases in which his cold and penetrating intellect and his power of clear exposition were retained was the defense of gustave eiffel in the panama scandals of 1893 1 return to political life edit in 1894 he returned to political life as senator for the department of the loire and next year stood for the presidency of the republic against félix faure and henri brisson being supported by the conservatives who were soon to be his bitter enemies he received 184 votes but retired before the second ballot to allow faure to receive an absolute majority during the political crisis of the next few years he was recognized by the opportunist republicans as the successor of jules ferry and gambetta and at the crisis of 1899 on the fall of the charles dupuy cabinet he was asked by president émile loubet to form a government 1 coalition cabinet edit after an initial failure he succeeded in forming a coalition cabinet of republican defense supported by the radical socialists and the socialists which included such widely different politicians as the socialist alexandre millerand and the general de galliffet dubbed the repressor of the commune he himself returned to his former post at the ministry of the interior and set to work to quell the discontent with which the country was seething to put an end to the various agitations which under specious pretences were directed against republican institutions far right leagues boulangist crisis etc and to restore independence to the judicial authority his appeal to all republicans to sink their differences before the common peril met with some degree of success and enabled the government to allow the second court martial of alfred dreyfus at rennes a completely free hand and then to find a compromise by negotiating a presidential pardon for dreyfus waldeck rousseau achieved a considerable personal success in october by his successful intervention in the strikes at le creusot 1 with the condemnation in january 1900 of paul deroulède and his nationalist followers by the high court the worst of the danger was past and waldeck rousseau kept order in paris without having recourse to irritating displays of force the senate was staunch in support of waldeck rousseau and in the chamber he displayed remarkable astuteness in winning support from various groups the amnesty bill passed on 19 december chiefly through his unwearied advocacy went far to smooth down the acerbity of the preceding years with the object of aiding the industry of wine producing and of discouraging the consumption of spirits and other deleterious liquors the government passed a bill suppressing the octroi duties on the three hygienic drinks wine cider and beer the act came into force at the beginning of 1901 3 a year earlier in 1900 seats had been mandated for female clerks 4 social policy edit various reforms were carried out during the course of waldeck rousseau s premiership decrees were issued in august 1899 that obliged the state and allowing communes and departments to stipulate conditions of work on public contracts such as periods of rest hours of work and regional pay scales 5 while a department of labour was set up that same month 6 a law of march 1900 introduced an 11 hour day in the manufacturing sector 7 the daily working hours were set at eight in most postal and telegraph sectors and the creation of a workers union was authorized 8 a weekly rest period was also introduced in state run institutions 9 in february 1902 a major public health law was passed 10 a law was passed in march 1900 that limited the working hours of female workers and young persons under 18 years of age to 10 daily hours of travail effectif 11 the higher council of labor was turned into a tripartite body composed of employer and worker representatives alongside members of parliament with the aim to as noted by one study strengthen the fruitful collaboration of workers employers and the government in scientific inquiries followed by adversarial discussions 12 departmental councils were encouraged as noted by one study to introduce direct representatives of employers and workers into the departmental labor commissions associated with the labor inspectorate 13 a suggestion to cover the travel expenses of the worker representatives was also accepted by 35 departmental councils 14 while workplace inspections were encouraged 15 regional labor councils were also organized via decrees made in september 1900 and january 1901 16 one study from 1910 noted the importance of the new labour councils as follows the labour councils which are composed equally of representatives of employers and workers advise at the request of those concerned or of the government on all questions regarding conditions of work and take part in inquiries ordered into them for every district and the branches of industry that they represent they fix the standard of wages and hours and this fixing at once governs contracts of work or supplies for the state or in certain cases for other public authorities they make suggestions for the allotment and expenditure of the public grants to trade organizations they investigate the causes of prevailing unemployment and suggest remedies to the authorities they report annually on the state of the protection of workers and the execution of laws decrees and instructions concerning labour and suggest improvements 17 associations bill of 1901 edit the most important measure of waldeck rousseau s later administration was the associations bill of 1901 with his anti clerical sentiment he was convinced that the stability of the republic demanded restraining religious associations all previous attempts in this direction had failed in his speech in the chamber waldeck rousseau recalled the fact that he had tried to pass an associations bill in 1882 and again in 1883 he declared that religious associations were now being subjected for the first time to the regulations common to all others and that the object of the bill was to ensure the supremacy of the civil power royalist sympathies given to the pupils in the religious seminaries was a principal cause of the passing of this bill citation needed and the government took strong measures to secure the presence of officers of undoubted fidelity to the republic in the higher positions on the staff his speeches on the religious question were published in 1901 under the title of associations et congregations following a volume of speeches on questions sociales 1900 18 all conservative parties opposed waldeck rousseau s policies especially the mass closure of church schools as a persecution of religion he led the anti clerical coalition on the left facing opposition primarily organized by the pro catholic action libérale populaire alp the alp had a stronger popular base with better financing and a stronger network of newspapers but had far fewer seats in parliament 19 as the general election of 1902 approached all sections of the opposition united their efforts under the bloc des gauches and the name of waldeck rousseau served as a battle cry for one side and on the other as a target for abuse the result was a decisive victory for the left and waldeck rousseau considered his task ended therefore on 3 june 1902 he resigned office having proved himself the strongest personality in french politics since the death of gambetta 1 he emerged from his retirement to protest in the senate against the construction put on his associations bill by émile combes who refused en masse the applications of the teaching and preaching congregations for official recognition clarification needed 20 death edit in january 1904 waldeck rousseau announced that he was suffering from calculus of the liver 21 in may he underwent surgery 22 and as was later revealed attempted suicide 23 he died on august 11 1904 after further surgery 24 publication of speeches edit his speeches were published as discours parlementaires 1889 pour la république 1883 1903 1904 edited by h leyret l état et la liberté 1906 and his plaidoyers 1906 were edited by h barboux see also h leyret waldeck rousseau et la troisième république 1908 18 honours edit norway order of st olav grade unknown july 1902 during a lunch with king oscar ii of sweden and norway 25 waldeck rousseau s ministry 22 june 1899 7 june 1902 edit pierre waldeck rousseau president of the council and minister of the interior and worship théophile delcassé minister of foreign affairs marquis de galliffet minister of war joseph caillaux minister of finance ernest monis minister of justice jean marie de lanessan minister of the navy georges leygues minister of public instruction and fine arts jean dupuy minister of agriculture albert decrais minister of colonies pierre baudin minister of transport alexandre millerand minister of commerce industry posts and telegraphs changes 20 may 1900 louis andré succeeds gallifet as minister of war in popular culture edit waldeck rousseau appears in council with president loubet in the master key 1901 an urban fantasy novel by l frank baum where his rank as interior minister is anachronistically referred to as minister of police ...
|
