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at links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from mounted rifles infantry riding horses instead of marching part of a series on war outline index history prehistoric ancient post classical early modern industrial modern military organization command and control defense ministry reserves ranks branches army navy air force marines coast guard border guard special forces cyber force space force specialties staff engineers intel recon medical police diving pilot land units infantry armor cavalry artillery special forces signal corps naval units warships submarines aircraft carriers landing craft auxiliary ships air units fighters bombers command close air support electronic warfare reconnaissance combat systems fire control system 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investment siege swarm screen tactical objective target saturation trench withdrawal operational military operation special operations research blitzkrieg expeditionary deep operation maneuver operational maneuver group raid covert stay behind strategy list of military strategies and concepts military campaign anti access attrition commerce raiding counter offensive culminating defense in depth fabian empty fort kinetic mosaic deception defensive depth goal nuclear naval offensive scorched earth grand strategy asymmetric blockade broken backed class cold war colonial conquest containment divide and conquer economic endemic fleet in being irregular liberation limited network centric new generation perpetual political princely proxy religious resource strategic succession technology theater total war world war administrative branch policy staff training service sociology organization area of responsibility chain of command command and control doctrine order of battle principles of war economy of force medicine engineers intelligence ranks personnel recruitment conscription draft evasion mobilization training specialism soldier morale volunteer women children transgender harassment conscientious objector conscription and sexism counter recruitment logistics history war economy arms industry materiel train supply chain management defense industrial base base mob fob outpost science power projection loss of strength gradient lanchester s laws force multiplication morale law belligerent occupation armistice ceasefire court martial desertion geneva conventions geneva protocol islamic rules justice lawful unlawful combatant perfidy regular irregular jewish laws on war right of conquest right of self defense rules of engagement self determination martial law war crime war and genocide war treason warlord theory air supremacy appeasement command of the sea deterrence theory full spectrum dominance overmatch just war theory principles of war philosophy of war security dilemma tripwire force wargaming simulation exercises combat effectiveness center of gravity non warfare arms control counter insurgency deterrence disaster response gray zone gunboat diplomacy humanitarian aid law enforcement low intensity conflict military engineering peacekeeping peacebuilding peace through strength show of force culture awards and decorations battle cry warrior war film military science fiction war novel anti war movement foot drill war song psychology uniform wargame militarization militarism antimilitarism camp follower related women in war war resister war studies horses in warfare wartime sexual violence fifth column mercenary pacifism privateer private military company soldiers are murderers category v t e mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching unlike cavalry mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot the original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry according to the encyclopædia britannica eleventh edition 1910 1911 mounted rifles are half cavalry mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry 1 today with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry history edit two australian light horsemen in 1914 pre gunpowder edit the origins of mounted infantry go back to at least the beginnings of organised warfare with the weight of ancient bronze armor the opposing champions would travel to battle on chariots before dismounting to fight with the evolution of hoplite warfare some hoplites would travel to battle on horseback before dismounting to take their place in the phalanx in the macedonian army of the 4th century bce the dimachae were cavalry units who also fought on foot when necessary 2 3 4 the early pre marian roman military had units consisting of infantrymen clinging to the saddles of the cavalry to take them to battle and then dismounting to fight gallic and germanic warbands were reported to use double riders with a second warrior joining a horseman only for a short distance before dismounting to fight on foot citation needed in commentarii de bello gallico caesar describes how british chariot riders leap from their chariots and engage on foot 5 the 3rd century han dynasty also extensively used mounted infantry in their campaigns against the xiongnu confederation 6 during many of the han campaigns the vast majority of the army rode on horseback either as mounted cavalry or mounted infantry who fought dismounted the arabs during their campaigns in the deserts of mesopotamia and syria against the byzantines and sassanids used camels to enhance their mobility marking a stark contrast to their enemies especially in the desert environment the 9th century carolingians under charlemagne also used horses as transport for the bulk of their army and special care was taken to ensure the health fodder and availability of horses on campaign in the hundred years war english men at arms would often fight dismounted among the infantry line as opposed to their french counterparts who primarily fought in the traditional mounted manner this is archetypically shown in narratives of the battle of agincourt mercenary captain john hawkwood is often credited with introducing this tactic to italy other notable infantry to use horses to enhance their mobility include the genoese crossbowmen the mapuche during the arauco war and viking raiders who would gather all the horses they could find in the vicinity of their landings dragoons edit a french dragoon c 1700 dragoons originally were mounted infantry who were trained in horse riding as well as infantry fighting skills however usage altered over time and during the 18th century dragoons evolved into conventional light cavalry units and personnel dragoon regiments were established in most european armies during the late 17th century and early 18th century the name is possibly derived from a type of firearm called a dragon carried by dragoons of the french army there is no distinction between the words dragon and dragoon in french alternatively it may be related to the dutch word dragen or german tragen meaning to carry the title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments 19th century edit by the late 19th century the increasing firepower and accuracy of infantry weapons reduced the usefulness of traditional cavalry roles while mounted infantry used horses for mobility but fought on foot with rifles 7 one early example was the united states regiment of mounted riflemen organised during the mexican american war and redesignated the third cavalry regiment in 1861 8 in australia the victorian mounted rifles were formed in december 1885 with companies recruited in rural centres and members required to provide their own mounts 9 10 the french foreign legion used mule mounted companies from the 1880s each mule was shared by two legionnaires who took turns in riding it 11 these companies could usually cover 25 30 miles 40 50 km a day and in emergencies 44 50 miles 70 80 km a day for several days 12 in the western theatre of the american civil war several infantry regiments were converted to mounted infantry and armed with repeating rifles the lightning brigade at the battle of chickamauga was an example of these union mounted infantry units 13 in the british army infantry units in some parts of the british empire had mounted platoons for scouting and skirmishing colonial mounted infantry units included the cape mounted rifles natal carbineers british south africa police and victorian mounted rifles 14 in the second boer war the british raised mounted infantry forces such as the imperial light horse south african light horse rhodesia regiment british south africa police marshall s horse cape mounted riflemen and natal carbineers to counter the mobility of boer commandos among various ad hoc formations the imperial yeomanry was raised from volunteers in britain after a royal warrant of 24 december 1899 15 during the final year of the war as the need for artillery diminished several battalions of mounted rifles were formed from officers and men of the royal artillery 16 after the war british cavalry doctrine placed greater emphasis on dismounted fire and cavalry were equipped with longer ranged rifles rather than carbines 17 a shorter barrelled lee enfield cavalry carbine mark i had been introduced in 1896 20th century edit many european armies also used bicycle infantry in a similar way that mounted infantry used horses however they were handicapped by the need for proper roads 18 the australian 4th light horse brigade which took part in the cavalry charge in the battle of beersheba 1917 during world war i are labelled as mounted infantry brigade in popular media however they were in fact mounted rifles as were the new zealand mounted rifles brigade which also took part in this battle mounted rifles regiments lack the mass of a mounted infantry battalions as a light horse brigade could only muster as many rifles in the line as a single battalion consequently their employment reflected this lack of mass with the tactics seeking to harness greater mobility and fire to overcome opposition rather than echeloned mass attacks mounted infantry began to disappear with the shift from horses to motor vehicles in the 1920s and 1930s germany deployed a few horse mounted infantry units on the russian front during the second world war citation needed and cyclist units on both fronts as well and both germany and britain which had used cyclist battalions in the first world war experimented with motorcycle battalions germany also utilized organic horse and bicycle mounted troops within infantry formations throughout world war two although bicycle use increased as germany retreated into its own territory japan deployed cyclists to great effect in its 1941 to 1942 campaign in malaya and drive on singapore during world war ii a horsed cavalry regiment of the philippine scouts assisted in the defense of the philippines at the onset of world war ii the 10th mountain division of the u s army also maintained a mounted reconnaissance troop throughout world war two which saw service in italy and austria during the war the grey s scouts were a rhodesian mounted infantry unit raised in july 1975 named after george grey a british soldier and governor it was based in salisbury now harare the grey s scouts patrolled the borders of rhodesia during the rhodesian bush war and then went on to become a regiment of the special forces of zimbabwe in june 1980 the regiment was disbanded in july 1986 due to a lack of resources countries with entrenched military traditions such as switzerland retained horse mounted troops well into the cold war while sweden kept much of its infantry on bicycles during the snow free months see also edit dragoons foot cavalry australian light horse canadian mounted rifles grey s scouts imperial yeomanry camel corps imperial camel corps references and notes edit chisholm hugh ed 1911 mounted infantry encyclopædia britannica vol 18 11th ed cambridge university press p 940 a dictionary of greek and roman antiquities 1890 dimachae charlton t lewis an elementary latin dictionary dimachae charlton t lewis charles short a latin dictionary dimachae commentarii de bello gallico 4 33 rosenstein nathan 2010 war state formation and the evolution of military institutions in ancient china and rome rome and china comparative perspectives on ancient world empires new york oxford university press p 54 isbn 978 0 19 975835 7 instead the military focus under the han as well as professional soldiers during his campaigns cavalry roles national army museum retrieved 3 may 2026 third regiment of cavalry u s army center of military history retrieved 3 may 2026 colonial defence personnel records held in melbourne national archives of australia retrieved 3 may 2026 thomas benjamin 2011 victorian mounted rifles 1885 1901 museums victoria collections retrieved 3 may 2026 gugliotta georges jauffret jean charles 1981 des unités de légende les compagnies montées 1881 1950 revue historique des armées 8 1 90 120 doi 10 3406 rharm 1981 7719 foreign legion mounted companies french foreign legion information retrieved 3 may 2026 wilder s lightning brigade winter 1862 winter 1863 american battlefield trust retrieved 3 may 2026 cavalry roles national army museum retrieved 3 may 2026 watt steve december 2006 the imperial yeomanry part one 1900 south african military history society retrieved 3 may 2026 stirling john 1903 our regiments in south africa 1899 1902 edinburgh and london william blackwood and sons p 464 badsey stephen 2007 the boer war 1899 1902 and british cavalry doctrine a re evaluation the journal of military history 71 1 75 97 doi 10 1353 jmh 2007 0001 fitzpatrick jim 1998 the bicycle in wartime an illustrated history washington dc brassey s inc isbn 1 57488 157 4 external links edit wikimedia 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