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and consolidation edit in 1942 during world war ii the united states started the manhattan project to develop the atomic bomb under the u s army corps of engineers after the war in 1946 the atomic energy commission aec was created to control the future of the project 7 8 the atomic energy act of 1946 also created the framework for the first national laboratories among other nuclear projects the aec produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as fernald feed materials production center in cincinnati ohio 9 10 11 the energy reorganization act of 1974 split the responsibilities of the aec into the new nuclear regulatory commission which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry and the energy research and development administration which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon naval reactor and energy development programs 12 the 1973 oil crisis called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy 13 14 15 in 1977 president jimmy carter signed into law the department of energy organization act which established the department of energy 16 the new agency which began operations on october 1 1977 consolidated the federal energy administration the energy research and development administration the federal power commission and programs of various other agencies former secretary of defense james schlesinger who served under presidents nixon and ford during the vietnam war was appointed as the first secretary president jimmy carter proposed the department of energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels 17 with the future of international energy uncertain for america carter acted quickly to have the department come into action in the first year of his presidency this was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and inflation 18 with the three mile island accident carter was able to intervene with the help of the department through the doe carter was able to make changes within the nuclear regulatory commission including improving management and procedures since nuclear energy and weapons are responsibilities of the department 19 weapon plans stolen edit main article wen ho lee in december 1999 the federal bureau of investigation began investigating how china acquired plans for a specific nuclear device wen ho lee a scientist at los alamos national laboratory was accused of passing nuclear secrets to the chinese government before any formal charges federal officials including energy secretary bill richardson publicly identified lee as a suspect the u s congress held hearings on the doe s handling of the case with some senators proposing that nuclear security be managed by an independent agency 20 of the 59 charges brought against lee all but one were later dropped after investigators concluded the leaked plans could not have come from him lee later received a 1 6 million settlement from the federal government and several news organizations 21 in the wake of the scandal 22 23 and allegations that direct management by the department of energy had resulted in u s nuclear secrets being leaked to china the national nuclear security administration was proposed 24 originally proposed to be independent nnsa was instead chartered as a semiautonomous agency within the department of energy to be headed by an administrator reporting to the secretary of energy loan guarantee program of 2005 edit in 2001 american solar challenge was sponsored by the doe and the national renewable energy laboratory 25 after the 2005 race the doe discontinued its sponsorship 26 title xvii of energy policy act of 2005 authorizes the doe to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that avoid reduce or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to technologies in service in the united states at the time the guarantee is issued 27 in loan guarantees a conditional commitment requires to meet an equity commitment as well as other conditions before the loan guarantee is completed 28 in september 2008 the doe the nuclear threat initiative nti the institute of nuclear materials management inmm and the international atomic energy agency iaea partnered to develop and launch the world institute for nuclear security wins an international non governmental organization designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening the security and safety of nuclear and radioactive materials and facilities 29 in december 2024 the loan programs office announced it would extend the largest loan ever sanctioned a 15 billion us low interest loan to support the modernization of pacific gas electric s hydroelectric power structure enhance transmission lines critical for renewable energy integration data center operations and the growing fleet of electric vehicles initially requested as a 30 billion us loan the amount was reduced due to concerns over the company s repayment capacity 30 in june 2026 the doe announced 17 5 billion in loans to speed the building of 10 new large nuclear reactors across the u s the reactors will use westinghouse s ap1000 design each capable of generating 1 1 gw of electricity with the combined output from all reactors projected to power nearly 10 million american households 31 32 genesis mission and ai partnerships 2025 edit in november 2025 president donald trump signed an executive order launching the genesis mission an initiative involving the department of energy and u s national laboratories to apply artificial intelligence and advanced computing to accelerate scientific research and support energy and national security related capabilities 33 on december 18 2025 the department of energy announced collaboration agreements with 24 organizations to support the initiative 34 35 organization edit organizational chart of the us department of energy after the february 2022 reorganization to implement the infrastructure investment and jobs act the department announced a reorganization with new names of under secretaries in 2022 36 37 re organization of the department of energy announced in november 2025 pending congressional authorization the second trump administration announced a departmental reorganization in november 2025 without congressional authorization 38 the chart below reflects the 2022 reorganization program secretary of energy deputy secretary of energy associate deputy secretary of energy assistant secretary of energy international affairs assistant secretary of energy congressional and intergovernmental affairs office of the general counsel office of the chief financial officer advanced research projects agency energy energy information administration federal energy regulatory commission enterprise assessments energy policy and system analysis intelligence and counterintelligence public affairs office of management office of project management chief human capital officer chief information officer economic impact and diversity hearings and appeals assistant secretary of energy environmental management legacy management small and disadvantaged business utilization under secretary for science and innovation arctic energy office office of critical and emerging technologies cet assistant secretary of energy energy efficiency and renewable energy assistant secretary of energy electricity assistant secretary of energy fossil energy and carbon management assistant secretary of energy nuclear energy office of science under secretary of energy for nuclear security national nuclear security administration under secretary for infrastructure national laboratory operations board associate under secretary of energy environment health safety and security office of clean energy demonstrations office of federal energy management programs grid deployment office office of cybersecurity energy security energy response 39 indian energy policy and programs loan programs office office of state and community energy programs bonneville power administration southeastern power administration southwestern power administration western area power administration the department is under the control and supervision of a united states secretary of energy a political appointee of the president of the united states the energy secretary is assisted in managing the department by a united states deputy secretary of energy also appointed by the president who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary s absence the department also has three under secretaries each appointed by the president who oversee the major areas of the department s work the president also appoints seven officials with the rank of assistant secretary of energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department the energy secretary assigns their functions and duties symbolism in the seal edit excerpt from the code of federal regulations in title 10 energy 40 the official seal of the department of energy includes a green shield bisected by a gold colored lightning bolt on which is emblazoned a gold colored symbolic sun atom oil derrick windmill and dynamo it is crested by the white head of an eagle atop a white rope both appear on a blue field surrounded by concentric circles in which the name of the agency in gold appears on a green background the eagle represents the care in planning and the purposefulness of efforts required to respond to the nation s increasing demands for energy the sun atom oil derrick windmill and dynamo serve as representative technologies whose enhanced development can help meet these demands the rope represents the cohesiveness in the development of the technologies and their link to our future capabilities the lightning bolt represents the power of the natural forces from which energy is derived and the nation s challenge in harnessing the forces the color scheme is derived from nature symbolizing both the source of energy and the support of man s existence the blue field represents air and water green represents mineral resources and the earth itself and gold represents the creation of energy in the release of natural forces by invoking this symbolism the color scheme represents the nation s commitment to meet its energy needs in a manner consistent with the preservation of the natural environment facilities edit the department of energy operates a system of national laboratories and technical facilities for research and development as follows 41 ames national laboratory argonne national laboratory brookhaven national laboratory fermi national accelerator laboratory idaho national laboratory lawrence berkeley national laboratory lawrence livermore national laboratory los alamos national laboratory national energy technology laboratory national laboratory of the rockies oak ridge national laboratory pacific northwest national laboratory princeton plasma physics laboratory sandia national laboratories snl savannah river national laboratory doe snl scaled wind farm technology swift facility slac national accelerator laboratory thomas jefferson national accelerator facility albany research center bettis atomic power laboratory under nnsa designs develops nuclear powered propulsion for the u s navy kansas city national security campus knolls atomic power laboratory under nnsa designs develops nuclear powered propulsion for the u s navy national petroleum technology office nevada national security site new brunswick laboratory office of fossil energy 42 office of river protection 43 pantex plant radiological and environmental sciences laboratory savannah river site separate from savannah river national laboratory y 12 national security complex yucca mountain nuclear waste repository other major doe facilities include 44 45 airstrip pahute mesa airstrip nye county nevada part of nevada national security site 46 in total the doe oversees approximately 83 field locations including the national laboratories and national security production facilities nuclear weapons sites edit a map that details the federal land in southern nevada showing what was formerly called the nevada test site now the nevada national security site the nnsa has federal responsibility for the design testing and production of all nuclear weapons under its supervision contractors carry out its responsibilities at the following government owned sites 47 research development and manufacturing guidance los alamos national laboratory 48 and lawrence livermore national laboratory 49 engineering of the non nuclear components and system integration sandia national laboratories 50 manufacturing of key components kansas city national security campus savannah river site and y 12 national security complex 47 testing nevada national security site 47 final weapon and warhead assembling and dismantling pantex 51 related legislation edit sign in front of the united states department of energy forrestal building on 1000 independence avenue in washington d c 1920 federal power act 1935 public utility holding company act of 1935 1946 atomic energy act pl 79 585 created the atomic energy commission superseded by the atomic energy act of 1954 1954 atomic energy act of 1954 as amended pl 83 703 1956 colorado river storage project pl 84 485 1957 atomic energy commission acquisition of property pl 85 162 1957 price anderson nuclear industries indemnity act pl 85 256 1968 natural gas pipeline safety act pl 90 481 1973 mineral leasing act amendments trans alaska oil pipeline authorization pl 93 153 1974 energy reorganization act pl 93 438 split the aec into the energy research and development administration and the nuclear regulatory commission 1975 energy policy and conservation act pl 94 163 1977 department of energy organization act pl 95 91 dismantled erda and replaced it with the department of energy 1978 national energy act pl 95 617 618 619 620 621 1980 energy security act pl 96 294 1989 natural gas wellhead decontrol act pl 101 60 1992 energy policy act of 1992 pl 102 486 2000 national nuclear security administration act pl 106 65 2005 energy policy act of 2005 pl 109 58 2007 energy independence and security act of 2007 pl 110 140 2008 food conservation and energy act of 2008 pl 110 234 budget edit on may 7 2009 president barack obama unveiled a 26 4 billion budget request for doe for fiscal year fy 2010 including 2 3 billion for the doe office of energy efficiency and renewable energy eere that budget aimed to substantially expand the use of renewable energy sources while improving energy transmission infrastructure it also proposed significant investments clarification needed in hybrids and plug in hybrids smart grid technologies and scientific research and innovation 52 as part of the 789 billion economic stimulus package in the american recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 congress provided energy wit...
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