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Text of the page (random words):
links toggle the table of contents gimel 22 languages বাংলা brezhoneg català cebuano čeština esperanto español euskara bahasa indonesia ქართული македонски norsk nynorsk polski português română ไทย tagalog ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche اردو 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from ג third letter of many semitic alphabets gimmel redirects here for the music group see gimmel music group for other uses see gimel disambiguation for the municipality in switzerland see gimel switzerland not to be confused with gmail bet gimel dalet phoenician 𐤂 hebrew ג samaritan ࠂ aramaic 𐡂 syriac ܓ nabataean 𐢄 arabic ج south arabian 𐩴 geʽez ገ north arabian 𐪔 ugaritic 𐎂 phonemic representation ɡ ɟ ɣ d͡ʒ ʒ position in alphabet 3 numerical value 3 alphabetic derivatives of the phoenician greek γ latin c g ȝ ɣ cyrillic г ґ ғ gimel is the third in alphabetical order fifth in spelling order letter of the semitic abjads including phoenician gīml 𐤂 hebrew gīmel ג aramaic gāmal 𐡂 syriac gāmal ܓ arabic jīm ج ancient north arabian 𐪔 south arabian 𐩴 and ge ez ገ its sound value in the original phoenician and in all derived alphabets except arabic is a voiced velar plosive ɡ in modern standard arabic it represents either a d͡ʒ or ʒ for most arabic speakers except in northern egypt the southern parts of yemen and some parts of oman where it is pronounced as the voiced velar plosive ɡ in its proto canaanite form the letter may have been named after a weapon that was either a staff sling or a throwing stick spear thrower ultimately deriving from a proto sinaitic glyph based on the hieroglyph below the phoenician letter gave rise to the greek gamma γ the latin c g ɣ and ȝ and the cyrillic г ґ and ғ arabic jīm edit ǧīm jīm جيم ج usage writing system arabic script type abjad language of origin arabic language sound values d͡ʒ ʒ g ɟ alphabetical position 5 history development 𓌙 𐤂 𐡂 𐢄 ح ج transliterations ǧ j g other writing direction right to left this article contains phonetic transcriptions in the international phonetic alphabet ipa for an introductory guide on ipa symbols see help ipa for the distinction between and see ipa brackets and transcription delimiters the arabic letter ج is named جيم jīm d͡ʒiːm ʒiːm ɡiːm ɟiːm it has four forms and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word position in word isolated final medial initial glyph form help ج ـج ـجـ جـ the similarity to ḥāʼ ح is likely a function of the original syriac forms converging to a single symbol requiring that one of them be distinguished as a dot a similar process occurred to zāy and rāʾ pronunciation edit in all varieties of arabic cognate words will have consistent differences in pronunciation of the letter the standard pronunciation taught outside the arabic speaking world is an affricate d͡ʒ which was the agreed upon pronunciation by the end of the nineteenth century to recite the qur an this sound also corresponds to ġ d͡ʒ in maltese as in ġar neighbor and arabic جار jār neighbor both pronounced d͡ʒaːr it is pronounced as a fricative ʒ in most of northern africa and the levant and ɡ is the prestigious and most common pronunciation in egypt which is also found in southern arabian peninsula differences in pronunciation occur because readers of modern standard arabic pronounce words following their native dialects egyptians always use the letter to represent ɡ as well as in names and loanwords 1 such as جولف golf however ج may be used in egypt to transcribe ʒ d͡ʒ normally pronounced ʒ or if there is a need to distinguish them completely then چ is used to represent ʒ which is also a proposal for mehri and soqotri languages the literary standard pronunciations d͡ʒ in most of the arabian peninsula northern algeria iraq southern egypt mountainous levant this is also the commonly taught pronunciation outside the arabic speaking countries when literary arabic is taught as a foreign language it is the agreed upon pronunciation to recite the qur an ʒ in the levant urban centers southern iraq most of northwestern africa and southern algeria oran 2 and by some speakers in western arabia hejaz g in egypt coastal yemen west and south southwestern and eastern oman ɟ in sudan northern arabia and hinterland yemen ɟ͡ʝ attested among some bedouin in saudi arabia 3 non literary pronunciation j in eastern arabian peninsula and iraq but only colloquial speech for example kuwaiti arabic وايد ˈwɑːjəd a lot vs najdi arabic واجد ˈwæːd͡ʒɪd historical pronunciation edit while in most semitic languages e g aramaic hebrew ge ez old south arabian the equivalent letter represents a ɡ arabic is considered unique among them where the jīm ج was palatalized to an affricate d͡ʒ or a fricative ʒ in most dialects from classical times while there is variation in modern arabic varieties most of them reflect this palatalized pronunciation except in coastal yemeni and omani dialects as well as in egypt where it is pronounced g it is not well known when palatalization occurred or the probability of it being connected to the pronunciation of qāf ق as a ɡ but in most of the arabian peninsula saudi arabia kuwait qatar bahrain uae and parts of yemen and oman the ج represents a d͡ʒ and ق represents a ɡ except in coastal yemen and southern oman where ج represents a ɡ and ق represents a q which shows a strong correlation between the palatalization of ج to d͡ʒ and the pronunciation of the ق as a ɡ as shown in the table below language varieties pronunciation of the letters ج ق proto semitic ɡ kʼ dialects in parts of oman and yemen 1 q modern standard arabic 2 d͡ʒ dialects in most of the arabian peninsula ɡ notes western and southern yemen taʽizzi adeni and tihamiyya dialects coastal yemen in addition to southwestern salalah region and eastern oman including muscat the capital as used in the arabian peninsula in sanaa ق is ɡ in sanʽani dialect and also in the literary standard local msa whereas the literary standard pronunciation in sudan is ɢ or ɡ for the pronunciation of ج in modern standard arabic check jīm pronunciation across other languages edit pronunciation of ج in other languages language alphabet name pronunciation ipa azeri arabic script d͡ʒ balochi brahui hindko javanese pegon kashmiri kurdish sorani malay jawi pashto persian punjabi shahmukhi saraiki sindhi arabic script swahili ajami urdu uyghur uzbek arabic script hausa ajami d͡ʒ or ʒ kazakh tote jazu note in kazakh ج is pronounced d͡ʒ in some dialects such as in the south and east 4 hausa ج is pronounced d͡ʒ in the hausa of niger d͡ʒ is usually pronounced ʒ 5 variant edit main article che persian letter a variant letter named che is used in persian with three dots below instead having just one dot below however it is not included on one of the 28 letters on the arabic alphabet it is thus written as position in word isolated final medial initial glyph form help چ ـچ ـچـ چـ hebrew gimel edit variations edit orthographic variants various print fonts cursive hebrew solitreo rashi script serif sans serif monospaced ג ג ג hebrew spelling גִּימֶל bertrand russell posits that the letter s form is a conventionalized image of a camel 6 7 the letter may be the shape of the walking animal s head neck and forelegs barry b powell a specialist in the history of writing states it is hard to imagine how gimel camel can be derived from the picture of a camel it may show his hump or his head and neck 8 solomon gandz suggests instead that it is derived from weapon or battle axe 9 gimel is one of the six letters which can receive a dagesh qal the two functions of dagesh are distinguished as either qal light or hazaq strong the six letters that can receive a dagesh qal are bet gimel daled kaph pe and taf three of them bet kaph and pe have their sound value changed in modern hebrew from the fricative to the plosive by adding a dagesh the other three represent the same pronunciation in modern hebrew but have had alternate pronunciations at other times and places they are essentially pronounced in the fricative as ג gh غ dh ذ and th ث in the temani pronunciation gimel represents ɡ ʒ or d͡ʒ when with a dagesh and ɣ without a dagesh in modern hebrew the combination ג gimel followed by a geresh is used in loanwords and foreign names to denote d͡ʒ significance edit in gematria gimel represents the number three 10 it is written like a vav with a yud as a foot and is traditionally believed to resemble a person in motion symbolically a rich man running after a poor man to give him charity in the hebrew alphabet gimel directly precedes dalet which signifies a poor or lowly man given its similarity to the hebrew word dal b shabbat 104a 11 gimel is also one of the seven letters which receive special crowns called tagin when written in a sefer torah see shin ayin teth nun zayin and tsadi the letter gimel is the electoral symbol for the united torah judaism party and the party is often nicknamed gimmel 12 13 in modern hebrew the frequency of usage of gimel out of all the letters is 1 26 citation needed syriac gamal gomal edit gamal gomal madnḫaya gamal serṭo gomal esṭrangela gamal in the syriac alphabet the third letter is ܓ gamal in eastern pronunciation gomal in western pronunciation ܓܵܡܵܠ it is one of six letters that represent two associated sounds the others are bet dalet kaph pe and taw when gamal gomal has a hard pronunciation qûššāyâ it represents ɡ like g oat when gamal gomal has a soft pronunciation rûkkāḵâ it traditionally represents ɣ ܓ݂ܵܡܵܠ or ghamal ghomal the letter renamed jamal jomal is written with a tilde tie either below or within it to represent the borrowed phoneme d͡ʒ ܓ̰ܡܵܠ which is used in garshuni and some neo aramaic languages to write loan and foreign words from arabic or persian other uses edit mathematics edit the serif form ℷ displaystyle gimel of the hebrew letter gimel is occasionally used for the gimel function in mathematics character encodings edit character information preview ג ج گ ܓ ࠂ ℷ unicode name hebrew letter gimel arabic letter jeem arabic letter gaf syriac letter gamal samaritan letter gaman gimel symbol encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex unicode 1490 u 05d2 1580 u 062c 1711 u 06af 1811 u 0713 2050 u 0802 8503 u 2137 utf 8 215 146 d7 92 216 172 d8 ac 218 175 da af 220 147 dc 93 224 160 130 e0 a0 82 226 132 183 e2 84 b7 numeric character reference 1490 x5d2 1580 x62c 1711 x6af 1811 x713 2050 x802 8503 x2137 named character reference gimel character information preview 𐎂 𐡂 𐤂 unicode name ugaritic letter gamla imperial aramaic letter gimel phoenician letter gaml encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex unicode 66434 u 10382 67650 u 10842 67842 u 10902 utf 8 240 144 142 130 f0 90 8e 82 240 144 161 130 f0 90 a1 82 240 144 164 130 f0 90 a4 82 utf 16 55296 57218 d800 df82 55298 56386 d802 dc42 55298 56578 d802 dd02 numeric character reference 66434 x10382 67650 x10842 67842 x10902 references edit al nassir abdulmunʿim abdulamir 1985 sibawayh the phonologist pdf in arabic university of new york p 80 archived pdf from the original on 23 april 2024 retrieved 23 april 2024 mezzoudj fréha loukam mourad belkredim fatma arabic algerian oranee dialectal language modelling oriented topic international journal of informatics and applied mathematics archived from the original on 21 april 2024 retrieved 21 april 2024 il hazmy alayan 1975 a critical and comparative study of the spoken dialect of the harb tribe in saudi arabia pdf p 234 archived pdf from the original on 18 march 2024 retrieved 21 april 2024 jankowski h tazhibaeva s özçelik ö abish a aqtay g smagulova j 2023 kazakh in l johanson ed encyclopedia of turkic languages and linguistics online brill https doi org 10 1163 2667 3029_etlo_com_032116 daniels peter kaye alan newman paul 1996 phonologies of asia and africa hausa phonology russell bertrand 1972 a history of western philosophy 60th print ed new york touchstone book isbn 0 671 31400 9 tenen stan letter portrait gimel meru foundation a matrix of meaning portraits of the hebrew letters in pictures and words archived from the original on 22 december 2022 retrieved 29 september 2011 powell barry b 27 march 2009 writing theory and history of the technology of civilization wiley blackwell p 182 isbn 978 1 4051 6256 2 gandz s 1930 the origin of the gnomon or the gnomon in hebrew literature proceedings of the american academy for jewish research 2 23 38 doi 10 2307 3622130 jstor 3622130 raskin aaron gimmel chabad retrieved 3 february 2026 ginzburgh yitzchak trugman avraham arieh wisnefsky moshe yaakov 1991 the alef beit jewish thought revealed through the hebrew letters lanham rowman littlefield pp 42 389 isbn 0 87668 518 1 mass rally for united torah judaism hamodia com hamodia 11 march 2015 archived from the original on 5 may 2019 retrieved 5 may 2019 gedolim at special conference call to strengthen utj to uphold torah shabbos and religious character hamodia com hamodia 1 april 2019 archived from the original on 5 may 2019 retrieved 5 may 2019 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to gimel letter the mystical significance of the hebrew letters gimel gimmel chabad v t e arabic language overviews language alphabet history romanization numerals influence on other languages scripts nabataean script arabic script ancient north arabian ancient south arabian script arabic numerals eastern numerals arabic braille algerian braille maltese braille diacritics ijam tashkil harakat nunation tanwin shaddah hamza dagger alif maltese alphabet letters alif ba ta tha gim ḥa kha dal dhal ra zay sin shin ṣad 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