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Text of the page (random words):
find sources client server model news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2016 learn how and when to remove this message see also client side prediction front end computing and pagination in web browsers client side refers to operations that are performed by the client in a computer network general concepts edit typically a client is a computer application such as a web browser that runs on a user s local computer smartphone or other device and connects to a server as necessary operations may be performed client side because they require access to information or functionality that is available on the client but not on the server because the user needs to observe the operations or provide input or because the server lacks the processing power to perform the operations in a timely manner for all of the clients it serves additionally if operations can be performed by the client without sending data over the network they may take less time use less bandwidth and incur a lesser security risk when the server serves data in a commonly used manner for example according to standard protocols such as http or ftp users may have their choice of a number of client programs e g most modern web browsers can request and receive data using both http and ftp in the case of more specialized applications programmers may write their own server client and communications protocol which can only be used with one another programs that run on a user s local computer without ever sending or receiving data over a network are not considered clients and so the operations of such programs would not be termed client side operations computer security edit in a computer security context client side vulnerabilities or attacks refer to those that occur on the client user s computer system rather than on the server side or in between the two as an example if a server contained an encrypted file or message which could only be decrypted using a key housed on the user s computer system a client side attack would normally be an attacker s only opportunity to gain access to the decrypted contents for instance the attacker might cause malware to be installed on the client system allowing the attacker to view the user s screen record the user s keystrokes and steal copies of the user s encryption keys etc alternatively an attacker might employ cross site scripting vulnerabilities to execute malicious code on the client s system without needing to install any permanently resident malware 8 9 10 examples edit distributed computing projects such as seti home and the great internet mersenne prime search as well as internet dependent applications like google earth rely primarily on client side operations they initiate a connection with the server either in response to a user query as with google earth or in an automated fashion as with seti home and request some data the server selects a data set a server side operation and sends it back to the client the client then analyzes the data a client side operation and when the analysis is complete displays it to the user as with google earth and or transmits the results of calculations back to the server as with seti home early history edit an early form of client server architecture is remote job entry dating at least to os 360 announced 1964 where the request was to run a job and the response was the output while formulating the client server model in the 1960s and 1970s computer scientists building arpanet at the stanford research institute used the terms server host or serving host and user host or using host and these appear in the early documents rfc 5 11 and rfc 4 12 this usage was continued at xerox parc in the mid 1970s one context in which researchers used these terms was in the design of a computer network programming language called decode encode language del 11 the purpose of this language was to accept commands from one computer the user host which would return status reports to the user as it encoded the commands in network packets another del capable computer the server host received the packets decoded them and returned formatted data to the user host a del program on the user host received the results to present to the user this is a client server transaction development of del was just beginning in 1969 the year that the united states department of defense established arpanet predecessor of internet client host and server host edit client host and server host have subtly different meanings than client and server a host is any computer connected to a network whereas the words server and client may refer either to a computer or to a computer program server host and client host always refer to computers the host is a versatile multifunction computer clients and servers are just programs that run on a host in the client server model a server is more likely to be devoted to the task of serving an early use of the word client occurs in separating data from function in a distributed file system a 1978 paper by xerox parc computer scientists howard sturgis james mitchell and jay israel the authors are careful to define the term for readers and explain that they use it to distinguish between the user and the user s network node the client 13 by 1992 the word server had entered into general parlance 14 15 centralized computing edit further information history of personal computers decentralized computing and computer cluster the client server model does not dictate that server hosts must have more resources than client hosts rather it enables any general purpose computer to extend its capabilities by using the shared resources of other hosts centralized computing however specifically allocates a large number of resources to a small number of computers the more computation is offloaded from client hosts to the central computers the simpler the client hosts can be 16 it relies heavily on network resources servers and infrastructure for computation and storage a diskless node loads even its operating system from the network and a computer terminal has no operating system at all it is only an input output interface to the server in contrast a rich client such as a personal computer has many resources and does not rely on a server for essential functions as microcomputers decreased in price and increased in power from the 1980s to the late 1990s many organizations transitioned computation from centralized servers such as mainframes and minicomputers to rich clients 17 this afforded greater more individualized dominion over computer resources but complicated information technology management 16 18 19 during the 2000s web applications matured enough to rival application software developed for a specific microarchitecture this maturation more affordable mass storage and the advent of service oriented architecture were among the factors that gave rise to the cloud computing trend of the 2010s 20 failed verification comparison with peer to peer architecture edit in addition to the client server model distributed computing applications often use the peer to peer p2p application architecture in the client server model the server is often designed to operate as a centralized system that serves many clients the computing power memory and storage requirements of a server must be scaled appropriately to the expected workload load balancing and failover systems are often employed to scale the server beyond a single physical machine 21 22 load balancing is defined as the methodical and efficient distribution of network or application traffic across multiple servers in a server farm each load balancer sits between client devices and backend servers receiving and then distributing incoming requests to any available server capable of fulfilling them in a peer to peer network two or more computers peers pool their resources and communicate in a decentralized system peers are coequal or equipotent nodes in a non hierarchical network unlike clients in a client server or client queue client network peers communicate with each other directly 23 in peer to peer networking an algorithm in the peer to peer communications protocol balances load and even peers with modest resources can help to share the load 24 if a node becomes unavailable its shared resources remain available as long as other peers offer it ideally a peer does not need to achieve high availability because other redundant peers make up for any resource downtime as the availability and load capacity of peers change the protocol reroutes requests both client server and master slave are regarded as sub categories of distributed peer to peer systems 25 see also edit endpoint security front and back ends modular programming observer pattern publish subscribe pattern peer to peer pull technology push technology remote procedure call server change number systems network architecture a proprietary network architecture by ibm thin client configurable network computing a proprietary client server architecture by jd edwards notes edit distributed application architecture pdf sun microsystem archived from the original pdf on 6 april 2011 retrieved 2009 06 16 the x window system is one example benatallah b casati f toumani f 2004 web service conversation modeling a cornerstone for e business automation ieee internet computing 8 46 54 doi 10 1109 mic 2004 1260703 s2cid 8121624 dustdar s schreiner w 2005 a survey on web services composition pdf international journal of web and grid services 1 1 citeseerx 10 1 1 139 4827 doi 10 1504 ijwgs 2005 007545 what do client side and server side mean client side vs server side cloudflare retrieved 17 april 2025 introduction to the server side learn web development mdn developer mozilla org 2023 11 05 retrieved 2023 11 13 server side website programming learn web development mdn developer mozilla org 2023 06 30 retrieved 2023 11 13 a b lehtinen rick russell deborah gangemi g t 2006 computer security basics 2nd ed o reilly media isbn 9780596006693 retrieved 2017 07 07 a b js 2015 10 15 week 4 is there a difference between client side and server side n3tweb wordpress com retrieved 2017 07 07 a b espinosa christian 2016 04 23 decoding the hack pdf alpinesecurity com retrieved 2017 07 07 permanent dead link a b rulifson jeff june 1969 del ietf doi 10 17487 rfc0005 rfc 5 retrieved 30 november 2013 shapiro elmer b march 1969 network timetable ietf doi 10 17487 rfc0004 rfc 4 retrieved 30 november 2013 sturgis howard e mitchell james george israel jay e 1978 separating data from function in a distributed file system xerox parc harper douglas server online etymology dictionary retrieved 30 november 2013 separating data from function in a distributed file system getinfo german national library of science and technology archived from the original on 2 december 2013 retrieved 29 november 2013 a b nieh jason yang s jae novik naomi 2000 a comparison of thin client computing architectures academic commons doi 10 7916 d8z329vf retrieved 28 november 2018 d amore m j oberst d j 1983 microcomputers and mainframes proceedings of the 11th annual acm siguccs conference on user services siguccs 83 p 7 doi 10 1145 800041 801417 isbn 978 0897911160 s2cid 14248076 tolia niraj andersen david g satyanarayanan m march 2006 quantifying interactive user experience on thin clients pdf computer 39 3 ieee computer society 46 52 doi 10 1109 mc 2006 101 s2cid 8399655 otey michael 22 march 2011 is the cloud really just the return of mainframe computing sql server pro penton media archived from the original on 3 december 2013 retrieved 1 december 2013 barros a p dumas m 2006 the rise of web service ecosystems it professional 8 5 31 doi 10 1109 mitp 2006 123 s2cid 206469224 cardellini v colajanni m yu p s 1999 dynamic load balancing on web server systems ieee internet computing 3 3 institute of electrical and electronics engineers ieee 28 39 doi 10 1109 4236 769420 issn 1089 7801 what is load balancing how load balancers work nginx june 1 2014 retrieved january 21 2020 alharbi a aljaedi a 2004 peer to peer network security issues and analysis review ijcsns international journal of computer science and network security doi 10 1007 978 3 540 45172 3_6 rao a lakshminarayanan k surana s manning karp r 2020 load balancing in structured p2p systems ijcsns international journal of computer science and network security 20 74 88 varma vasudeva 2009 1 software architecture primer software architecture a case based approach delhi pearson education india p 29 isbn 9788131707494 retrieved 2017 07 04 distributed peer to peer systems this is a generic style of which popular styles are the client server and master slave styles v t e inter process communication data exchange among threads in computer programs methods file memory mapped file message passing message queue and mailbox named pipe anonymous pipe pipe semaphore shared memory signal sockets network unix protocols and standards apple events com corba d bus dds dce ice openbinder sun rpc posix various methods soap rest thrift tipc xml rpc software libraries and frameworks d bus libevent simpl linx v t e web interfaces server side protocols http v2 v3 encryption webdav cgi scgi fcgi ajp wsrp websocket server apis c nsapi c asapi c isapi com asp jakarta servlet container cli owin asp net handler python wsgi python asgi ruby rack javascript jsgi perl psgi portlet container apache modules mod_include mod_jk mod_lisp mod_mono mod_parrot mod_perl mod_php mod_proxy mod_python mod_wsgi mod_ruby phusion passenger topics web service vs web resource woa vs roa open api webhook application server comparison scripting client side browser apis c npapi liveconnect xpconnect c npruntime c ppapi nacl activex bho xbap web apis whatwg audio canvas dom sse video websockets web messaging web storage web worker xmlhttprequest w3c dom events eme file geolocation indexeddb mse svg webassembly webauthn webgpu webrtc webxr khronos webcl webgl others gears web sql database formerly w3c webusb topics ajax and remote scripting vs dhtml browser extension cross site scripting and cors hydration mashup persistent data web idl scripting related topics frontend and backend microservices rest graphql push technology solution stack web page static dynamic web standards web api security web application rich single page progressive web framework authority control databases national czech republic 2 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title client server_model oldid 1359525898 server side categories servers computing clients computing application layer protocols inter process communication network architecture distributed computing architecture hidden categories all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from march 2023 articles with permanently dead external links articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from march 2024 all articles needing 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