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sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia short range wireless standard this article may incorporate text from a large language model which is prohibited in wikipedia articles it may include hallucinated information copyright violations claims not verified in cited sources original research or fictitious references any such material should be removed february 2026 learn how and when to remove this message irda logo of the infrared data association developed by infrared data association introduced june 1994 32 years ago 1994 06 1 industry personal area networks in practice between 5 cm 2 0 in and 60 cm 24 in 2 website irda org an irda data transfer in action between two laptops transmitter on the right receiver on the left captured using an infrared camera irda is a wireless standard designed for data transmission using infrared ir infrared ports for this purpose have been implemented in portable electronic devices such as mobile telephones laptops cameras printers and medical devices the main characteristics of this kind of wireless optical communication are short range bidirectional data transfer at serial cable speeds with a line of sight using point and shoot principles 3 4 irda has been made dormant by newer improved technologies like bluetooth 5 it was popular on pdas laptops and some desktops from the late 1990s through the early 2000s the irda specifications include mandatory layers such as irphy irlap and irlmp history edit irda data versions up to 1 4 6 7 communication distance 30 cm 12 in 20 cm low power option 1 m 3 3 ft sir serial slow standard ir a 115 kbit s irda 1 2 irda 1 0 mir medium speed ir 1 mbit s irda 1 3 irda 1 1 fir fast ir 4 mbit s vfir very fast ir 16 mbit s irda 1 4 the protocols and specifications of the standard were developed by the infrared data association abbreviated irda giving the name to the standard itself an industry driven interest group that was founded in 1993 8 by around 50 companies before irda a number of proprietary standards existed for data exchange using infrared beams but the new association aimed to create an industry standard 9 the irda specifications were published in june 1994 in november 1995 microsoft announced that it will support in windows 95 10 the majority of pcs shipped in 1996 included an infrared port to utilize irda connectivity 11 and the same year the first digital camera sony s dsc f1 was released for infrared connectivity with a pc or printer 12 13 the infrared data association released the irda 1 0 specification in june 1994 in october 1995 irda 1 1 was specified that included improved theoretical data transmission speeds 9 irda 1 2 was approved in october 1997 designed to be low power reducing costs 14 version 1 3 was released in 1998 and the irda 1 4 implementation was released in 2001 15 development of the standard slowed because of the competing radio wave based bluetooth standard between 2000 and 2002 several members of the infrared data association including apple ibm and nokia left the organisation and had joined the bluetooth special interest group 15 however the organisation continued to build on the technology and published the ultra fast ufir irda standard in 2006 with a net data rate of 96 mbps 16 in 2009 the infrared data association irda published giga ir which aims for data speeds of 512 mbps or 1 gbps 16 17 the association also adopted new standard called irsimple in august 2005 18 the development of irsimple is credited to ntt docomo sharp itx e globaledge and waseda university 19 irsimple provides significantly faster data transmission but maintains backward compatibility with the existing irda enabled protocols the irsimple protocols provide sub 1 second transfers of pictures between cell phones printers and display devices for example some pentax dslrs k x k r incorporated irsimple for image transfer and gaming 20 usage edit an irda usb adapter for use with a computer irda was popular on pdas laptops and some desktops 21 from the late 1990s 22 through the early 2000s 23 24 it was a cable free means of transferring files printing or tethering 25 however irda has been displaced by other wireless technologies such as bluetooth 5 and wi fi favored because they don t need a direct line of sight and can therefore support hardware like mice and keyboards however for some time irda hardware was still less expensive and did not share the same security problems encountered with the likes of bluetooth it is still used in some environments where interference makes radio based wireless technologies unusable technical specifications edit irda protocol stack irphy edit the mandatory irphy serial infrared a physical layer specification 26 is the physical layer of the irda specifications it comprises optical link definitions modulation coding cyclic redundancy check crc and the framer different data rates use different modulation coding schemes 2 4 115 2 kbit s formerly serial infrared a sir asynchronous rzi uart like 3 16 pulse to save energy the pulse width is often minimized to 3 16 of a 115 2kbaud pulse width 0 576 1 152 mbit s formerly medium infrared mir rzi 1 4 pulse hdlc bit stuffing 4 mbit s formerly fast infrared fir 4 ppm 16 mbit s formerly very fast infrared vfir nrz hhh 1 13 96 mbit s ufir nrzi 8b 10b 512 mbit s 1 gbit s gigair nrzi 2 ask 4 ask 8b 10b further characteristics are range standard 2 m low power to low power 0 2 m standard to low power 0 3 m the 10 gigair also define new usage models that supports higher link distances up to several meters angle minimum cone 15 speed 2 4 kbit s to 1 gbit s modulation baseband no carrier infrared window part of the device body transparent to infrared light beam wavelength 850 900 nm the frame size depends on the data rate mostly and varies between 64 b and 64 kb additionally bigger blocks of data can be transferred by sending multiple frames consecutively this can be adjusted with a parameter called window size 1 127 finally data blocks up to 8 mb can be sent at once combined with a low bit error rate of generally 10 9 that communication could be very efficient compared to other wireless solutions irda transceivers communicate with infrared pulses samples in a cone that extends at least 15 degrees half angle off center the irda physical specifications require the lower and upper limits of irradiance such that a signal is visible up to one meter away but a receiver is not overwhelmed with brightness when a device comes close in practice there are some devices on the market that do not reach one meter while other devices may reach up to several meters there are also devices that do not tolerate extreme closeness the typical sweet spot for irda communications is from 5 to 60 cm 2 0 to 23 6 in away from a transceiver in the center of the cone irda data communications operate in half duplex mode because while transmitting a device s receiver is blinded by the light of its own transmitter and thus full duplex communication is not feasible the two devices that communicate simulate full duplex communication by quickly turning the link around the primary device controls the timing of the link but both sides are bound to certain hard constraints and are encouraged to turn the link around as fast as possible irlap edit the mandatory irlap infrared link access protocol is the second layer of the irda specifications it lies on top of the irphy layer and below the irlmp layer it represents the data link layer of the osi model the most important specifications are access control discovery of potential communication partners establishing of a reliable bidirectional connection distribution of the primary secondary device roles negotiation of qos parameters on the irlap layer the communicating devices are divided into a primary device and one or more secondary devices the primary device controls the secondary devices only if the primary device requests a secondary device to send is it allowed to do so irlmp edit the mandatory irlmp infrared link management protocol is the third layer of the irda specifications it can be broken down into two parts first the lm mux link management multiplexer which lies on top of the irlap layer its most important achievements are provides multiple logical channels allows change of primary secondary devices second the lm ias link management information access service which provides a list where service providers can register their services so other devices can access these services by querying the lm ias tiny tp edit the optional tiny tp tiny transport protocol lies on top of the irlmp layer it provides transportation of large messages by sar segmentation and reassembly flow control by giving credits to every logical channel ircomm edit the optional ircomm infrared communications protocol lets the infrared device act like either a serial or parallel port it lies on top of the irlmp layer obex edit the optional obex object exchange provides the exchange of arbitrary data objects e g vcard vcalendar or even applications between infrared devices it lies on top of the tiny tp protocol so tiny tp is mandatory for obex to work irlan edit the optional irlan infrared local area network provides the possibility to connect an infrared device to a local area network there are three possible methods access point peer to peer hosted as irlan lies on top of the tiny tp protocol the tiny tp protocol must be implemented for irlan to work irsimple edit irsimple achieves at least four to ten times faster data transmission speeds by improving the efficiency of the infrared irda protocol a 500 kb normal picture from a cell phone can be transferred within one second 27 irsimpleshot edit one of the primary targets of irsimpleshot irss is to allow the millions of irda enabled camera phones to wirelessly transfer pictures to printers printer kiosks and flat panel tvs infrared financial messaging edit infrared financial messaging irfm is a wireless payment standard developed by the infrared data association it was thought to be logical because of the excellent privacy of irda which does not pass through walls power meters edit many modern 2021 implementations are used for semi automated reading of power meters this high volume application is keeping irda transceivers in production lacking specialized electronics many power meter implementations utilize a bit banged sir phy running at 9600 baud using a minimum width pulse i e 3 16 of a 115 2kbaud pulse to save energy to drive the led a computer controlled pin is turned on and off at the right time cross talk from the led to the receiving pin diode is extreme so the protocol is half duplex to receive an external interrupt bit is started by the start bit then polled a half bit time after following bits a timer interrupt is often used to free the cpu between pulses power meters higher protocol levels abandon irda standards typically using dlms cosem instead with irda transceivers a package combining an ir led and pin diode even this crude irda sir is extremely resistant to external optical noise from incandescents sunlight etc see also edit consumer ir li fi list of device bandwidths rzi references edit notes edit 1 2 3 in recent revisions of the standard the term serial infrared refers to the physical layer regardless of the actual data rate modulation and coding scheme previsously the term serial infrared sir referred to the 2 4 115 2 kbit s scheme 26 citations edit about us archived from the original on 2 april 2002 irda standard stack for microchip 16 bit and 32 bit microcontrollers pdf archived from the original pdf on 2024 04 15 speedy transmission speeds hp capshare information appliance difference between serial and infrared ir transfer types support hp com 1 2 lewis barry d davis peter t 27 october 2004 wireless networks for dummies john wiley sons isbn 9780764579776 ケータイwatch ケータイ用語 k tai watch impress co jp retrieved 2025 07 01 ir transceivers boost speed and range 18 august 2005 about irda archived from the original on 2004 06 10 1 2 wayback machine pdf www hpl hp com cite web cite uses generic title help infrared data communication according to irda standard pdf laroche john irda drives initiative for interoperable consumer infrared devices sony dsc f1 ニュースリリース archived from the original on 2025 08 28 retrieved 2026 01 15 infrared data association serial infrared physical layer link specification pdf 1997 11 10 archived from the original pdf on 2025 06 13 1 2 pure tudelft nl ws portalfiles portal 244082251 1 s2 0 s0160791x25001150 main pdf 1 2 optical wireless communication jump on a new experience publica rest fraunhofer de wireless too slow try a multi gigabit communication module irdajp info infrared group sets new standard for transmitting camera phone pics rcr wireless news www rcrwireless com retrieved 2026 01 15 pentax publishes news releases about product and corporate information to keep the media and photography enthusiasts informed www pentaximaging com archived from the original on 2010 12 05 pc mag 3 april 2001 beaulieu mark 2002 wireless internet applications and architecture building professional wireless applications worldwide addison wesley professional isbn 9780201733549 enterprise pda phones reviewed zdnet hp ipaq h6300 pocket pc review hp ipaq h6300 pocket pc cnet archived from the original on 2023 05 31 http www irda org 80 news comdex97pr doc permanent dead link 1 2 serial infrared physical layer specification version 1 4 pdf infrared data association 2001 05 30 retrieved 2025 08 02 http irdajp info irsimple html archived 2013 04 12 at the wayback machine irda irsimple specifications infrared data association irda org further reading edit irda principles and protocols knutson and brown mcl press 214 pages 2004 isbn 978 0975389201 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to irda official list of official specifications irda infrared data association membership in 1997 other linux infrared howto linux infrared remote control linux status of infrared devices irda consumerir remote control irda project of universidad nacional de colombia sie board authority control databases viaf gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title irda oldid 1373669387 categories infrared data association standards organizations in the united states organizations based in california hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing suspected ai generated texts from february 2026 cs1 errors generic title all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from january 2026 articles with permanently dead external links webarchive template wayback links commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 7 september 2026 at 05 34 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may 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