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jämtland dialects wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 name 2 characteristics toggle characteristics subsection 2 1 vowel balance 2 2 prosody 2 3 primary and secondary diphthongs 2 4 voiceless l 3 orthography 4 references toggle references subsection 4 1 notes 4 2 bibliography 5 external links toggle the table of contents jämtland dialects 8 languages deutsch hrvatski italiano norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski piemontèis svenska edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from jamtlandic dialects language spoken in jämtland sweden this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources jämtland dialects news newspapers books scholar jstor july 2022 learn how and when to remove this message jämtland dialects jamtish 1 jamska jamtska 1 region jämtland native speakers 30 000 cited 2000 2 language family indo european germanic northwest germanic 3 north germanic west or east scandinavian 4 jämtland dialects language codes iso 639 3 none mis glottolog jamt1238 ietf gmq u sd sez jämtland in northern sweden part of a series on the swedish language topics history advanced topics european language modern swedish variants standard swedish finland swedish dialects south swedish dialects götaland dialects stockholm dialects svealand dialects norrland dialects eastern swedish dialects finland swedish and estonian swedish gutnish teaching swedish as a foreign language mandatory swedish swedish for immigrants higher category language v t e jämtland dialects or jamtish 1 endonym jamska ˈjâmskɐ᷈ swedish jämtska jämtmål are a group of north germanic dialects spoken in the swedish province of jämtland in the eastern part of jämtland the dialects are transitional to those of ångermanland the dialect group is commonly regarded and treated as a single entity some people who consider it a language separate from swedish the dialects share many characteristics with trøndersk the dialect spoken to the west in norwegian trøndelag and has historically sometimes been considered to be norwegian in origin 5 the current view in scandinavian dialectology however is that they belong in either the east or west scandinavian branch name edit the local name for the dialects is jamska there is however no common term for the dialects in english and academic sources call them by various names such as jamska jämtska jämtish dialect jämtlandic dialect jämtland dialects or dialects of jämtland citation needed the endonym jamska is technically a definite form the indefinite form jaamsk jamske is rarely used citation needed characteristics edit this section may contain original research many claims in this section appear to be conclusions that are inferred from the sources given by a second party please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations statements consisting only of original research should be removed july 2022 learn how and when to remove this message vowel balance edit like all other central scandinavian dialects trønder dialects east norwegian dialects norrland dialects some finland swedish dialects the most characteristic feature of the jämtland dialects is vowel balance an event that caused the vowel endings after heavy syllables to weaken and later even drop entirely in some dialects moving the tone over from ending to the root syllable example old norse kasta kʰɑ̂stɑ᷈ kʰɑ̂stə᷈ kʰɑ̂ ɑ᷈st to throw while the endings after light syllables instead were reinforced and even caused a type of umlaut or vowel harmony on the root vowel example old norse lifa liβɑ liβɑˑ le̞ʋa lɐ̂ʋɐ᷈ to live according to one theory this phenomenon has its roots in influence from the neighbouring saami languages in medieval times 6 prosody edit the old norse phonemic contrast of light and heavy syllables is partly preserved in eastern jämtland dialects 7 and to some degree in western jämtland dialects 8 and in the oviken parish in southwestern jämtland 9 in eastern jämtland and in oviken parish short stressed syllables are preserved from old norse words like hǫku chin lifa to live which have evolved to hô̞ke̞᷈ in fors parish hɔ̂ke̞᷈ in ragunda and stugun parishes hɞ̂kɛ᷈ in hällesjö parish 10 and hôkɵ᷈ in oviken parish 11 while lifa has become læ̂ʋa᷈ or similar in all of the parishes 12 13 in western jämtland the short syllables are less stable and are often lengthened to long or half long in accent 2 words but is preserved in accent 1 words old norse svið burned has become sʋɛ̂ in åre parish 14 while accent 2 words like old norse lofa to promise duna to make noise which have evolved to lɔ̂ˑʋo̞᷈ or lɔ̂ːʋɔ᷈ and d̪ɔ̂ːnɔ᷈ in undersåker kall and åre parishes 14 primary and secondary diphthongs edit central and southwestern jämtland dialects have preserved the old norse primary diphthongs ai au ey usually with pronunciations like e̞i̯ ɞɵ̯ œy̯ 15 in the offerdal parish in western jämtland ai and ey have monophthongized to ɛː and œː 16 while au is preserved as æɵ̯ 15 eastern jämtland dialects spoken in the parishes borgvattnet ragunda fors stugun håsjö hällesjö have no diphthongs but have monophthongized ai to e̝ː ey to ø̝ː and au to ɵː ɞː ʌː or o̞ː 17 18 19 southwestern jämtland dialects have not only preserved the original diphthongs but also similar to icelandic and some dialects in norway diphthongized old norse á to ɑu̯ in myssjö parish ɔu̯ in hackås and oviken parishes and aɔ̯ in berg and rätan parishes 15 voiceless l edit the jämtland dialects like icelandic faroese and other northern scandinavian dialects have both a voiced l and voiceless ɬ l sound this sound comes from a voiced l that has been partly assimilated by either a preceding s or t or a following t old norse kirtilinn gland has become tɕʰɑ̂ːɬ̠l̠n̠᷈ tɕʰɑ̂ɬ̠ːl̠n̠᷈ 20 or similar old norse slíta to struggle to pull has become ɬlît̪e̞᷈ ɬlîi᷈ːt̪ 21 or similar and old norse allt all has become aɬt or similar 21 orthography edit there have been attempts to standardize the orthography of the jämtland dialects the attempt that has been the most popular is vägledning för stavning av jamska 1994 and 1995 which is the work of the committee akademien för jamska consisting of bodil bergner berta magnusson and bo oscarsson the most prominent application of this orthography has been to prepare translations of parts of the bible into the dialect resulting in the book nagur bibelteksta på jamska an excerpt genesis 1 26 27 26 å gud saa lätt oss gjära når mänish nager som e lik oss å dom ske rå öve fishn derri havan å över foglan pyne himmela å öve tamdjura öve heile jola å öve all de djur som kravl å rör se på jorn 27 å gud skapa mänishan å gjool som n avbild ta se själv te kær å kviin skapa n dom the book does not fully follow vägledning för stavning av jamska for example using vägledning för stavning av jamska one would spell gjæra v do make not gjära another spelling convention in nagur bibelteksta på jamska is the use of the digraph sh in e g mänish n human being and fishn n the fish with the same pronunciation as english sh in shoe properly using vägledning för stavning av jamska this would be spelled sch see 26 in the external link below people writing jämtland dialects commonly use the letters of the swedish alphabet with the addition of æ and ô citation needed the letters c q w x and z are usually not used citation needed references edit notes edit 1 2 3 jamtska linguist list retrieved 5 march 2025 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link jamtska ethnologue archived from the original on 2006 05 03 retrieved 2025 03 05 hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin bank sebastian 2022 05 24 older runic glottolog max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology archived from the original on 2022 11 13 retrieved 2022 11 13 dalen arnold 2005 jemtsk og trøndersk to nære slektningar archived 18 march 2007 at the wayback machine språkrådet norway in norwegian retrieved 13 november 2007 noreen 1907 p 112 kusmenko jurij 2007 the origin of vowel balance in swedish and norwegian dialects flemström bertil de östjämtska målen pdf retrieved april 23 2021 geijer herman 1922 tilljämningens ock apokopens utbredningsvägar österberg karl lorenz 1914 ovikens bygdemål i jämtland vestlund alfred 1923 medelpads folkmål p 24 österberg karl lorenz 1914 ovikens bygdemål i jämtland p 92 vestlund alfred 1923 medelpads folkmål p 26 österberg karl lorenz 1914 ovikens bygdemål i jämtland p 15 1 2 geijer herman tilljämningens ock apokopens utbredningsvägar p 22 1 2 3 westin hans 1897 landsmålsalfabetet för jämtland och härjedalen pp 73 79 westin hans landsmålsalfabetet för jämtland ock härjedalen pp 70 72 marklund felix 2018 monoftongeringen i sverige och danmark p 49 westin hans 1897 landsmålsalfabetet för jämtland och härjedalen p 63 vestlund alfred 1923 medelpads folkmål p 30 westin hans landsmålsalfabetet för jämtland och härjedalen p 21 1 2 westin hans 1897 landsmålsalfabetet för jämtland och härjedalen pp 40 42 bibliography edit noreen adolf 1903 1907 vårt språk nysvensk grammatik i utförlig framställning bd 1 in swedish lund gleerup dä glöm fäll int jamska published by margareta persson red 1986 reinhammar vidar january 2005 hammerdalsmålet swedish science press isbn 91 85352 59 4 archived from the original on 2007 09 27 retrieved 2006 02 01 external links edit jemtsk og trøndersk to nære slektningar by arnold dalen vägledning för stavning av jamska by akademien för jamska publisher s webpage about nagur bibelteksta på jamska v t e swedish language national variants standard swedish finland swedish estonian swedish ukrainian swedish dialects gotlandic götalandic norrlandic kalix nederkalix överkalix sv eastern estonian gammalsvenska finnish ålandic ostrobothnian svealandic stockholm rinkeby southern kiruna use alphabet å ä ö orthography braille grammar phonology sj sound dialect alphabet history proto indo european germanic parent language proto germanic language proto norse old norse old swedish modern swedish contemporary swedish literature early reformation and renaissance enlightenment romantic realism modernist poetry children s regulators swedish academy swedish language council institute for the languages of finland dictionaries svenska akademiens ordbok svenska akademiens ordlista education swedish as a foreign language mandatory swedish swedish for immigrants related topics swenglish svorsk swedish sign language suecophile v t e languages of sweden official language swedish recognized minority languages finnish meänkieli sámi southern ume pite lule northern romani finnish kalo scandoromani vlax dialects balkan dialects yiddish sign languages swedish sign language other languages dalecarlian övdalian gutnish retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title jämtland_dialects oldid 1360238121 categories jämtland swedish dialects languages of sweden hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from july 2022 all articles needing additional references cs1 maint deprecated archival service webarchive template wayback links language articles with old speaker data language articles with ietf language tag articles containing uncoded language text pages with uncoded ipa articles containing swedish language text all articles with specifically marked weasel worded phrases articles with specifically marked weasel worded phrases from july 2022 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from july 2022 articles that may contain original research from july 2022 all articles that may contain original research pages with plain ipa cs1 swedish language sources sv this page was last edited on 20 june 2026 at 03 23 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents jämtland dialects 8 languages add topic
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