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lunar payload services clps initiative 9 however nasa terminated the viper project in july 2024 due to cost increases and launch delays 10 nasa subsequently revived the project in september 2025 releasing an announcement for partnership proposal seeking u s companies to deliver and operate the completed viper rover on the moon 11 on september 19 2025 nasa selected blue origin to carry viper to the moon 12 under this partnership blue origin will design test and operate a lander to carry the rover to the moon 13 objectives edit orbital survey of the moon taken by the moon mineralogy mapper instrument on india s chandrayaan 1 orbiter blue shows the spectral signature of hydroxide green shows the brightness of the surface as measured by reflected infrared radiation from the sun and red shows a mineral called pyroxene the image shows the distribution of surface ice at the moon s south pole left and north pole right as viewed by nasa s moon mineralogy mapper m 3 spectrometer onboard india s chandrayaan 1 orbiter the viper rover has a size similar to a golf cart around 1 4 1 4 2 m and is tasked with prospecting for lunar resources especially for water ice mapping its distribution and measuring its depth and purity 1 2 the water distribution and form must be better understood before it can be evaluated as a potential resource within any evolvable lunar or mars campaign 14 proposed landing site of the volatiles investigating polar exploration rover viper the viper rover is planned to operate on the western edge of nobile crater on mons mouton in the moon s south pole region 7 15 the first rover with its own lighting source 16 it was planned to rove several kilometers collecting data on different kinds of soil environments affected by light and temperature those in complete darkness occasional light and in constant sunlight 17 2 in permanently shadowed locations it would operate on battery power alone and would not be able to recharge them until it drives to a sunlit area its total operation time was planned to be 100 earth days 1 2 3 development edit in february 2024 the final instrument the trident drill was installed into the rover 18 later on 28 february 2024 viper project manager dan andrews announced that all the rover s scientific instruments were installed and that it was more than 80 built 19 further progress was reported in april 2024 remaining on track for launch later in the year 20 the rover moved to the environmental testing phase in may 21 cancellation in 2024 edit nasa s viper assembled at johnson space center when it was canceled amidst cost growth and delays to readiness of the rover and the griffin lander the viper program was ended in july 2024 with the then completed but yet to be tested rover planned to be disassembled and its instruments and components reused for other lunar missions before commencing disassembly nasa announced they would consider expressions of interest from industry to use the viper rover system at no cost to the government 6 at the time of the announcement nasa expected to save 84 million by canceling the mission which has cost 450 million so far 22 the budgeted cost to build viper was 433 5 million with 235 6 million budgeted to launch the lander 23 the agency still plans to support the griffin lander to arrive on the moon in fall of 2025 though with astrolab flip rover in place of the viper rover 24 nasa expects the primary objectives of viper to be fulfilled by an array of other missions planned for the next several years but these may eventually become overshadowed and forgotten over time 23 response to cancellation edit viper s abrupt cancellation was received poorly by the scientific community at the time of its cancellation viper had been fully assembled and completed vibration testing 25 in response a letter opposing the cancellation was circulated and garnered over 2500 signatures by the end of july 2024 26 in august 2024 the planetary society published a statement calling for the program to be reconsidered 27 on september 6 2024 the house committee on science space and technology published a letter requesting additional information as to why nasa cancelled the mission 28 post cancellation developments edit in february 2025 nasa announced a new approach to potentially revive the viper mission through an industry partnership the agency released an announcement for partnership proposal seeking u s companies to deliver and operate the completed viper rover on the moon under the proposed partnership nasa would provide the already built viper rover while the selected company would be responsible for the launch landing and surface operations including data collection and dissemination as well as all mission costs 11 as of may 2025 discussions are still ongoing but collapsed with the potential cuts from the second donald trump administration looming the future of viper remains unclear it is possible that the viper mission could be scrapped and the team behind it face dismissal and the viper name to be reused in unrelated contexts revival edit on september 19 2025 nasa announced the awarding of a commercial lunar payload services clps task order to blue origin a commercial nasa partner that is a part of the artemis program 29 using their blue moon mk1 lander to land at the south pole of the moon as a part of this task order blue origin will deliver the rover to the lunar surface 30 both nasa and blue origin have expressed eagerness in including viper as a part of the mission 31 32 but it is likely that the ultimate decision to include viper relies on the success of the first mission of the blue moon mk1 lander another clps mission 33 artist s conception of the viper rover on the moon image courtesy of nasa ames research center project management edit the viper rover is part of the lunar discovery and exploration program managed by the science mission directorate at nasa headquarters and was meant to support the crewed artemis program 2 nasa s ames research center was managing the rover project the hardware for the rover was designed by the johnson space center while the instruments were provided by ames kennedy and honeybee robotics 2 the project manager was daniel andrews 2 34 and the project scientist was anthony colaprete who was implementing the technology developed for the now cancelled resource prospector rover 35 the estimated cost of the mission was us 250 million in october 2019 3 nasa said on 3 march 2021 that the new lifecycle cost for the mission was us 433 5 million 36 both the launcher and the lander were competitively provided through commercial lunar payload services clps contractors with astrobotic providing the griffin lander to deliver the rover and spacex providing the falcon heavy launch vehicle 37 nasa was aiming to land the rover in september 2025 until the mission was canceled on 17 july 2024 6 38 capabilities edit at the lunar south pole viper will collect images and make neutron measurements while traveling between locations of interest 39 at those locations the rover will shift to prospecting mode allowing higher fidelity measurements the rover will be capable of operating for 5 6 lunar days drilling 50 samples traversing 20 km 12 mi driving at 20 cm s 2 400 ft h max moving between destinations at 0 8 cm s 94 ft h exploring temperature regimes from 40 to 300 k 387 7 to 80 3 f driving 1 7 km 1 1 mi in psrs drilling 5 samples in psrs science background edit main articles lunar water and lunar resources data obtained by lunar prospector 40 lunar reconnaissance orbiter chandrayaan 1 and the lunar crater observation and sensing satellite revealed that lunar water is present in the form of ice near the lunar poles especially within permanently shadowed craters in the south pole region 41 42 and present in the form of hydrated minerals in other high latitude locations 43 water may have been delivered to the moon over geological timescales by the regular bombardment of water bearing comets asteroids and meteoroids 44 or continuously produced in situ by the hydrogen ions protons of the solar wind impacting oxygen bearing minerals 40 the physical form of the water ice is unknown but some studies suggest that it is unlikely to be present in the form of thick pure ice deposits and may be a thin coating on soil grains 45 46 42 if it is possible to mine and extract the water molecules h 2 o in large amounts it can be broken down to its elements namely hydrogen and oxygen and form molecular hydrogen h 2 and molecular oxygen o 2 to be used as rocket bi propellant or produce compounds for metallurgic and chemical production processes 47 just the production of propellant was estimated by a joint panel of industry government and academic experts identified a near term annual demand of 450 metric tons of lunar derived propellant equating to 2450 metric tons of processed lunar water generating us 2 4 billion of revenue annually 48 science payload edit see also neutron spectrometer the viper rover will be equipped with a drill and three analyzers the neutron spectrometer system nss will detect sub surface water from a distance then viper will stop at that location and deploy a 1 m 3 ft 3 in drill called trident to obtain samples to be analyzed by its two onboard spectrometers msolo and nirvss 2 3 49 previously a trident drill and msolo mass spectrometer were incorporated into the prime 1 payload of the unsuccessful im 2 lunar landing mission 50 instrument name abbr provider function 51 neutron spectrometer system nss ames research center nasa detect sub surface hydrogen potentially water from a distance suggesting prime sites for drilling the regolith and ice drill for exploring new terrain trident honeybee robotics 1 m drill to obtain subsurface samples near infrared volatiles spectrometer system nirvss ames research center nasa analyze mineral and volatile composition mass spectrometer observing lunar operations msolo kennedy space center nasa analyze mineral and volatile composition nss edit nss measures the energy released by hydrogen atoms when struck by neutrons it was developed for the cancelled resource prospector rover 14 trident edit the trident drill contains two temperature sensors one at the tip and one about 20 cm 7 9 in up in addition to drilling and bringing up samples for nirvss and msolo its temperature sensors can measure the subsurface temperature combined with its heater element trident can measure the thermal conductivity of the regolith in addition measuring the force necessary to drill reveals geotechnical properties of the regolith 52 17 nirvss edit the nirvss instrument nirvss will determine if the hydrogen it encounters belong to water molecules h 2 o or to hydroxyl oh originally developed for the resource prospector rover 14 sub systems spectrometer context imager a broad spectrum camera longwave calibration sensor measures surface temperature at very small scales msolo edit msolo will measure the mass to charge ratio of ions to elucidate the chemical elements contained in the sample the instrument was created through a collaboration with inficon in which one of their mass commercial spectrometers was modified to make it suitable for spaceflight 52 9 see also edit spaceflight portal lunar water lunar resources in situ resources on the moon references edit 1 2 3 coldewey devin 25 october 2019 nasa s viper lunar rover will hunt water on the moon in 2022 techcrunch viper is a limited time mission operating at the poles means there s no sunlight to harvest with solar panels so the rover will carry all the power it needs to last 100 days there 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 loff sarah 25 october 2019 new viper lunar rover to map water ice on the moon nasa archived from the original on 6 november 2019 retrieved 26 october 2019 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain 1 2 3 4 bartels meghan 25 october 2019 nasa will launch a lunar viper to hunt moon water in 2022 space com retrieved 13 april 2021 colaprete anthony 17 august 2020 viper a lunar water reconnaissance mission pdf nasa archived from the original pdf on 25 october 2022 retrieved 25 august 2020 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain nasa s next lunar rover progresses toward 2023 launch nasa 24 february 2021 retrieved 5 march 2021 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain 1 2 3 nasa ends viper project continues moon exploration nasa retrieved 17 july 2024 1 2 wright ernie ladd david colaprete anthony ladd david 20 september 2021 nasa scientific visualization studio svs retrieved 27 october 2023 bartels meghan 16 october 2019 moon viper nasa wants to send a water sniffing rover to the lunar south pole in 2022 space com retrieved 13 april 2021 nasa selects astrobotic to fly water hunting rover to the moon nasa 11 june 2020 retrieved 14 june 2020 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain nasa ends viper project continues moon exploration nasa retrieved 24 may 2026 1 2 jeff foust 4 february 2025 nasa requests industry proposals for viper lunar rover partnership spacenews retrieved 22 february 2025 nasa selects blue origin to deliver viper rover to moon s south pole nasa sauers elisha 29 september 2025 nasa canceled a moon rover mission last year suddenly it s back mashable retrieved 24 may 2026 1 2 3 elphic richard colaprete anthony andrews daniel 2018 resource prospector evaluating the isru potential of the lunar poles 42nd cospar scientific assembly 42 bibcode 2018cosp 42e 981e nasa s artemis rover to land near nobile region of moon s south pole nasa 20 september 2021 retrieved 20 september 2021 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain nasa replans clps delivery of viper to 2024 to reduce risk nasa 18 july 2022 archived from the original on 17 july 2024 retrieved 18 july 2022 hautaluoma grey johnson alana 28 october 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