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er aggravated assault and rape are among the lowest on earth zuckerman 2008 pp 5 6 d the authors also state that a few hundred years ago rates of homicide were astronomical in christian europe and the american colonies 99 and the least theistic secular developing democracies such as japan france and scandinavia have been most successful in these regards 99 they argue for a positive correlation between the degree of public religiosity in a society and certain measures of dysfunction 99 an analysis published later in the same journal argues that a number of methodological problems undermine any findings or conclusions in the research 110 e blackburn provides examples such as the phrase in exodus 22 18 that has helped to burn alive tens or hundreds of thousands of women in europe and america thou shalt not suffer a witch to live and notes that the old testament god apparently has no problems with a slave owning society considers birth control a crime punishable by death and is keen on 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