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from wikipedia the free encyclopedia art or decoration made from burn marks wood burning redirects here not to be confused with wood fuel this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources pyrography news newspapers books scholar jstor november 2007 learn how and when to remove this message the king wolf pyrography on olive wood by roberto frangioni piroritrattista framàr pyrography or pyrogravure is the freehanded art of decorating wood or other materials with burn marks resulting from the controlled application of a heated object such as a poker it is also known as pokerwork or wood burning 1 the term means writing with fire derived from the greek pyr fire and graphos writing 2 it can be practiced using specialized modern pyrography tools or using a metal implement heated in a fire or even sunlight concentrated with a magnifying lens pyrography dates from the 17th century and reached its highest standard in the 19th century in its crude form it is pokerwork 3 pyrography is also popular among gourd crafters and artists where designs are burned onto the exterior of a dried hard shell gourd history edit the tawny eagle davide della noce pyrography pyrographer robert boyer hypothesizes that the art form dates back to prehistory when early humans created designs using the charred remains of their fires 4 it was known in china from the time of the han dynasty where it was known as fire needle embroidery 5 during the victorian era the invention of pyrography machines sparked a widespread interest in the craft and it was at this time that the term pyrography was coined previously the name pokerwork had been most widely used 6 in the late 19th century a melbourne architect by the name of alfred smart discovered that water based paint could be applied hot to wood by pumping benzoline fumes through a heated hollow platinum pencil 7 this improved the pokerwork process by allowing the addition of tinting and shading which had previously been impossible in the early 20th century the development of the electric hot wire wood etching machine further automated the pokerwork process and art nouveau pyrographic gloveboxes and other works proved popular during that era pyrography is a traditional folk art in many parts of europe including romania poland hungary and flanders as well as argentina and other areas in south america the adoration of st joan of arc j w fosdick 1896 herbarium pyrographic artwork by zuzanna dolega 2019 equipment edit traditional pyrography can be performed using any heated metal implement modern pyrography machines exist and can be divided into three main categories a large range of tones and shades can be achieved varying the type of tip used the temperature or the way the iron is applied to the material all create different effects 8 after the design is burned in wooden objects are often coloured solid point burners edit solid point burners are similar in design to a soldering iron they have a solid brass tip which is heated by an electrical element and operate at a fixed temperature wire nib burners edit wire nib burners have variable temperature controls the writing nib is heated by an electric current passing directly through it some models have interchangeable nibs to allow for different effects 9 laser cutters edit laser cutters can be set to scorch the material instead of cutting all the way through it many laser cutters provide software facilities to import image files and transfer them onto a sheet of wood some laser systems are sufficiently sensitive to perform pyrography on thin card or even paper woods edit woods differ in hardness grain figure texture color and other physical characteristics 10 hardness all woods can be classified into hard or soft usually softwoods are from coniferous needle leaved trees hardwoods are from broad leaved trees these hardwood trees can be classified into two distinct growing seasons each year hot and cold season or a wet and dry season such as earlywood normally lighter in color and weight and only moderately strong latewood usually heavier darker and much stronger softwood will burn faster than a hardwood does it does not require very hot temperature to burn as do the hardwoods 11 light coloured hardwoods such as sycamore basswood beech and birch are most commonly used as their fine grain is not obtrusive however other woods such as maple pine or oak are also used grain grain is the direction of the fibrous elements of the wood cells this is important to sand with the grain also the grain can cause deviation from its intended path with use of woodturning pen unless the artist applies more pressure and burns slower on the grain figure this is the natural design or pattern that can be seen on the cut surface of the wood the figure present on the wood should always be taken into consideration when the artist is planning their woodburned design texture there is a texture on the surface of that wood that feels either coarse or fine even or uneven woodburners typically avoid using very fine or intricate designs on uneven coarse textured wood softwoods are more apt to be fine or moderately coarse textured color woodburning is mainly used to enhance the natural beauty of a wooden project so woodburners take precious care not to obfuscate a beautiful figure grain luster or color by over charring leather edit pyrography is also applied to leather items using the same hot iron technique leather lends itself to bold designs and also allows very subtle shading to be achieved specialist vegetable tanned leather must be used for pyrography as modern tanning methods leave chemicals in the leather which are toxic when burned typically in light colours for good contrast 12 safety edit extremely fine wood dust is liberated when sanding wood all wood dust is hazardous flammable and can cause respiratory problems for this reason many woodburners wear quality dust masks or respirators while power carving and use a good dust collection system to prevent indoor air pollution more specifically concerning pyrography itself there are serious risks associated with burning pressure treated wood which has been treated with chemicals that although safely bound in the wood fibers when used for construction purposes are inherently dangerous to woodworkers and woodburners when liberated through sanding or vaporized by heat similar dangers are inherent to stained painted or sealed wood as well 13 a well ventilated room with a running fan will encourage air circulation and displace lingering smoke 14 fractal burning is a specific pyrography technique which utilises extremely high voltage electric current it is known to be extremely dangerous and has resulted in dozens of documented deaths and several more near death cases of severe and often disfiguring injury 15 gallery edit pyrography artwork of the mona lisa by párvusz 2009 1968 chevrolet camaro z 28 by btjpyro 2013 leopardo josé luis san román 2004 cosiendo redes josé luis san román 2004 brunhilde asleep margaret fernie eaton 1902 adoration des mages gaston marquet 1901 references edit wood burning art pyrography retrieved 10 march 2016 marianne podgorski before you pick up that nib wood burning 101 p 7 isbn 978 0 557 05114 4 pyrography brewer s dictionary of phrase and fable london chambers harrap 2012 credo reference web 2 mar 2015 boyer r the amazing art of pyrography evanston 1993 isbn 978 1 879260 12 2 china culture pyrography archived 6 september 2011 at the wayback machine walkabout crafts pyrography archived from the original on 4 october 2013 retrieved 15 september 2011 carter julie with mellow shades and character made the richness of australian pokerwork in carter s antiques and collectables magazine sept 2000 choosing a woodburning tool recommended battle of the burners www burnsavvy com retrieved 11 february 2023 walters s pyrography workbook a complete guide to the art of woodburning fox chapel 2005 p13 14 isbn 978 1 56523 258 7 donohue nanette woodburning project pattern treasury create your own pyrography art with 70 mix and match designs library journal 137 4 2012 96 academic search complete web 2 dec 2015 wood wood as a material britannica www britannica com retrieved 11 february 2023 how to burn leather intro to pyrography maze leather mazeleather com 4 march 2022 retrieved 10 april 2023 pyrography materials and safety precautions www sawdustconnection com archived from the original on 23 november 2017 retrieved 19 october 2015 lesson 2 a word about safety in pyrography the art of handmade archived from the original on 15 august 2015 retrieved 19 october 2015 safety fractal burning lichtenburg burning www woodturner org retrieved 22 july 2022 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to pyrography malek parvaneh excellence in pyrography pyrography school showing how it s done pyrography net pyrography tips and techniques draw with fire the art of pyrography stefania mante davide della noce pyrography giuseppe apollonio etsuko ichikawa using molten glass michael turley pyrographic portraits on reclaimed wood giusy busco pyrography art pyrography 101 tutorial s by nedra denison the wood burn book by rachel strauss v t e decorative arts and handicraft textile banner making crocheting cross stitch embroidery felting friendship bracelet knitting lace making lucet macrame millinery needlepoint needlework patchwork quilting ribbon embroidery carpet rug hooking rug making sewing shoemaking spinning string art tapestry tatting tie dye weaving paper altered book bookbinding calligraphy cardmaking cast paper collage decoupage papier collé photomontage decal iris folding kamikiri origami kirigami moneygami embossing marbling papercraft papercutting chinese jewish slavic papermaking paper toys papier mâché pop up book quilling scrapbooking stamping wallpaper wood bentwood cabinetry carpentry chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia marquetry wood burning wood carving woodturning ceramic azulejo bone china earthenware porcelain pottery stoneware terracotta tile glass cameo glass chip work enamelled glass glass etching glassware mirror stained glass metal andiron bronze and brass chemical milling damascening enamel engraving etching goldsmith ironwork jewellery silversmith other assemblage balloon modelling beadwork bone carving box concrete dala horse doll making dollhouse egg decorating engraved gems faux painting featherwork kāhili folding grotesque gargoyle hardstone carving inro laminate lath art lapidary leatherworking miniatures mosaic glass micromosaic macaroni art netsuke ornament pargeting pietra dura private press oshibana pressed flower craft scrimshaw straw marquetry taxidermy vase wall decal regional or historical mexico painting in hälsingland kashmir qing russia victorian v t e woodworking overviews history glossary wood lumber styles boat building bow and arrow bush carpentry cabinetry caning carpentry certosina chainsaw carving chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia japanese carpentry khatam kohlrosing log building luthier marquetry millwork pallet crafting parquetry pyrography relief carving root carving segmented turning shingle weaving shipbuilding spindle turning timber framing treen whittling wood carving woodturning woods soft cedar calocedrus cedrus cypress douglas fir fir juniper larch kauri pine rimu spruce yew hard afromosia alder andiroba anigre ash apple aspen avodire balsa beech bilinga birch african blackwood australian blackwood boxwood bubinga camphor cedrela cherry chestnut cocobolo cumaru ebony elm eucalyptus hazel hickory hornbeam idigbo imbuia ipê iroko jarrah jelutong lignum vitae linden lime basswood lovoa merbau mahogany american african maple meranti oak padauk pear plum poplar purpleheart ovankol ramin red quebracho rosewood rubberwood sapele teak totara utile walnut wenge willow zebrano engineered cross laminated glue laminated hardboard mdf osb particle board plywood wood plastic composite tools abrasives axe adze burnisher chisel drawknife drill fence float gimlet gauge hinge bender impact driver janka hardness test jointer mallet milling machine miter box rasp router sandpaper shaper shaving horse square carpenters combination miter speed try thickness planer timber framing veneer hammer vise warrington hammer winding sticks wood scribe workbench clamps band clamp c clamp f clamp flooring clamp gripe holdfast miter clamp pipe clamp sawbuck saws backsaw bandsaw bow bucksaw chainsaw circular compass coping crosscut frame fretsaw hand saw jigsaw keyhole miter ripsaw scroll table veneer whipsaw planes bedrock plane block plane chamfer plane compass plane finger plane fore plane grooving plane jack plane japanese plane jointer plane moulding plane razee plane rebate plane router plane scrub plane shoulder plane smoothing plane spokeshave surform geometry joints birdsmouth biscuit box bridle butt butterfly coping crown of thorns dado dovetail finger groove halved hammer headed tenon knee lap mason s miter miter mortise and tenon rabbet rebate scarf splice tongue and groove profiles bead bevel chamfer ogee ogive ovolo surface piecing binding edge banding intarsia marquetry oystering parquetry purfling treatments adhesive french polish heat bending lacquer oil paint paint stripper steam bending thermal varnish wax wood drying wood preservation wood stain wood finishing organizations american association of woodturners architectural woodwork institute british woodworking federation building and wood workers international caricature carving international federation of building and wood workers national wood carvers association society of wood engravers timber framers guild conversion chainsaw mill hewing sawmill whipsaw wood splitting flat sawing quarter sawing rift sawing techniques frame and panel frameless construction green woodworking category wikiproject commons authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data czech republic latvia israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title pyrography oldid 1367129025 categories artistic techniques woodworking writing implements hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from november 2007 all articles needing additional references use dmy dates from april 2026 webarchive template wayback links commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 1 august 2026 at 04 12 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact 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