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solvents citation needed it is also relatively non toxic thus it is used widely as a solvent and as a cleaning fluid especially where there are oils or oil based residues which are not easily cleaned with water conveniently evaporating and depending on water content and other variables posing less of a risk of corrosion or rusting than plain water together with ethanol n butanol and methanol it belongs to the group of alcohol solvents isopropyl alcohol is commonly used for cleaning eyeglasses electrical contacts audio or video tape heads dvd and other optical disc lenses bongs 23 and for removing thermal paste from heatsinks on cpus 24 and other ic packages it is sometimes used by miniatures hobbyists to strip acrylic paints primers from high impact polystyrene miniatures 25 26 27 intermediate edit isopropyl alcohol is esterified to give isopropyl acetate another solvent it reacts with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to give sodium isopropylxanthate which has use as an herbicide and an ore flotation reagent 28 isopropyl alcohol reacts with titanium tetrachloride and aluminium metal to give titanium and aluminium isopropoxides respectively the former a catalyst and the latter a chemical reagent 19 this compound may serve as a chemical reagent in itself by acting as a dihydrogen donor in transfer hydrogenation medical edit rubbing alcohol hand sanitizer and disinfecting pads typically contain a 60 70 solution of isopropyl alcohol or ethanol in water water is required to open up membrane pores of bacteria which acts as a gateway for isopropyl alcohol a 75 v v solution in water may be used as a hand sanitizer 29 isopropyl alcohol is used as a water drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa better known as swimmer s ear 30 inhaled isopropyl alcohol can be used for treating nausea in some settings by placing a disinfecting pad under the nose 31 early uses as an anesthetic edit although isopropyl alcohol can be used for anesthesia its many negative attributes or drawbacks prohibit this use isopropyl alcohol can also be used similarly to ether as a solvent 32 or as an anesthetic by inhaling the fumes or orally early uses included using the solvent as general anesthetic for small mammals 33 and rodents by scientists and some veterinarians however it was soon discontinued as many complications arose including respiratory irritation internal bleeding and visual and hearing problems in rare cases respiratory failure leading to death in animals was observed automotive edit isopropyl alcohol is a major ingredient in gas dryer fuel additives in significant quantities water is a problem in fuel tanks as it separates from gasoline and can freeze in the supply lines at low temperatures alcohol does not remove water from gasoline but the alcohol solubilizes water in gasoline once soluble water does not pose the same risk as insoluble water as it no longer accumulates in the supply lines and freezes but is dissolved within the fuel itself isopropyl alcohol is often sold in aerosol cans as a windshield or door lock deicer isopropyl alcohol is also used to remove brake fluid traces from hydraulic braking systems so that the brake fluid usually dot 3 dot 4 or mineral oil does not contaminate the brake pads and cause poor braking mixtures of isopropyl alcohol and water are also commonly used in homemade windshield washer fluid laboratory edit as a biological specimen preservative isopropyl alcohol provides a comparatively non toxic alternative to formaldehyde and other synthetic preservatives isopropyl alcohol solutions of 70 99 are used to preserve specimens isopropyl alcohol is often used in dna extraction a lab worker adds it to a dna solution to precipitate the dna which then forms a pellet after centrifugation this is possible because dna is insoluble in isopropyl alcohol semiconductors edit isopropyl alcohol is used as an additive in alkaline anisotropic etching of monocrystalline silicon such as with potassium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide this process is used in texturing of silicon solar cells and microfabrication e g in mems devices isopropyl alcohol increases the anisotropy of the etch by increasing the etch rate of 100 plane relative to higher indexed planes 34 safety edit isopropyl alcohol vapor is denser than air and is flammable with a flammability range of between 2 and 12 7 in air it should be kept away from heat sparks and open flame 35 distillation of isopropyl alcohol over magnesium has been reported to form peroxides which may explode upon concentration 36 37 isopropyl alcohol can react with air and oxygen over time to form unstable peroxides that can explode 38 toxicology edit isopropyl alcohol via its metabolites is somewhat more toxic than ethanol but considerably less toxic than ethylene glycol or methanol death from ingestion or absorption of even relatively large quantities is rare both isopropyl alcohol and its metabolite acetone act as central nervous system cns depressants 39 poisoning can occur from ingestion inhalation or skin absorption 40 symptoms of isopropyl alcohol poisoning include flushing headache dizziness cns depression nausea vomiting anesthesia hypothermia low blood pressure shock respiratory depression and coma 39 overdoses may cause a fruity odor on the breath as a result of its metabolism to acetone 41 isopropyl alcohol does not cause an anion gap acidosis but it produces an osmolal gap between the calculated and measured osmolalities of serum as do the other alcohols 39 the findings of acetone without acidosis leads to the sine qua non of ketosis without acidosis isopropyl alcohol is oxidized to form acetone by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver 39 and has a biological half life in humans between 2 5 and 8 0 hours 39 unlike methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning the metabolites of isopropyl alcohol are considerably less toxic and treatment is largely supportive furthermore there is no indication for the use of fomepizole an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor unless co ingestion with methanol or ethylene glycol is suspected 42 in forensic pathology people who have died as a result of diabetic ketoacidosis or alcoholic ketoacidosis with no isopropyl alcohol ingestion usually have detectable blood concentrations of isopropyl alcohol of 1 to 40 mg dl while those by fatal isopropyl alcohol ingestion usually have blood concentrations of hundreds of mg dl 22 references edit alcohols rule c 201 1 nomenclature of organic chemistry the iupac blue book sections a b c d e f and h oxford pergamon press 1979 designations such as isopropanol sec butanol and tert butanol are incorrect because there are no hydrocarbons isopropane sec butane and tert butane to which the suffix ol can be added such names should be abandoned isopropyl alcohol sec butyl alcohol and tert butyl alcohol are however permissible see rule c 201 3 because the radicals isopropyl sec butyl and tert butyl do exist favre henri a powell warren h 2014 nomenclature of organic chemistry iupac recommendations and preferred names 2013 blue book cambridge the royal society of chemistry p 631 doi 10 1039 9781849733069 isbn 978 0 85404 182 4 isopropanol_msds chemsrc com archived from the original on 10 march 2020 retrieved 4 may 2018 reeve w erikson c m aluotto p f 1979 a new method for the determination of the relative acidities of alcohols in alcoholic solutions the nucleophilicities and competitive reactivities of alkoxides and phenoxides can j chem 57 20 2747 2754 doi 10 1139 v79 444 a b yaws c l 1999 chemical properties handbook mcgraw hill isbn 978 0 07 073401 2 isopropyl alcohol toxicity a b c niosh pocket guide to chemical hazards 0359 national institute for occupational safety and health niosh a b c d isopropyl alcohol immediately dangerous to life or health concentrations national institute for occupational safety and health a b isopropanol pubchem archived from the original on 12 february 2019 retrieved 10 february 2019 isopropyl alcohol american chemical society retrieved 1 april 2026 isopropyl alcohol ipa aka 2 propanol but never isopropanol is a common solvent reagent and disinfectant doolittle arthur k 1954 the technology of solvents and plasticizers new york john wiley sons inc p 628 a b the merck index 10th ed rahway nj merck co 1983 p 749 isbn 978 0 911910 27 8 logsden john e loke richard a 1999 propyl alcohols in kroschwitz jacqueline i ed kirk othmer concise encyclopedia of chemical technology 4th ed new york john wiley sons inc pp 1654 1656 isbn 978 0 471 41961 7 what is the freezing point of isopropyl alcohol 21 september 2023 archived from the original on 18 december 2023 retrieved 18 december 2023 isopropyl alcohol suitable for liquid chromatography extract uv spectrophotometry vwr international archived from the original on 31 march 2016 retrieved 25 august 2014 uv cutoff pdf university of toronto archived pdf from the original on 8 october 2013 retrieved 25 august 2014 ishihara k yamamoto h 2001 aluminum isopropoxide encyclopedia of reagents for organic synthesis john wiley sons doi 10 1002 047084289x ra084 isbn 0 471 93623 5 wittcoff m m green h a 2003 organic chemistry principles and industrial practice 1 ed 1 reprint ed weinheim wiley vch p 4 isbn 978 3 527 30289 5 a b c d e f g h i papa a j propanols ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry weinheim wiley vch doi 10 1002 14356007 a22_173 isbn 978 3 527 30673 2 logsdon john e loke richard a 4 december 2000 isopropyl alcohol kirk othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology kirk othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology john wiley sons doi 10 1002 0471238961 0919151612150719 a01 isbn 978 0 471 23896 6 crc handbook of chemistry and physics 44th ed pp 2143 2184 a b petersen thomas h williams timothy nuwayhid naziha harruff richard 2012 postmortem detection of isopropanol in ketoacidosis journal of forensic sciences 57 3 674 678 doi 10 1111 j 1556 4029 2011 02045 x issn 0022 1198 pmid 22268588 s2cid 21101240 directo meston danielle 9 february 2021 how to properly clean your bong according to cannabis experts rolling stone retrieved 31 march 2024 intel application method arcticsilver com stripping paint with isopropyl alcohol bolter and chainsword 4 february 2020 retrieved 7 may 2025 stripping miniatures with isopropanol youtube gds miniatures 10 october 2020 retrieved 7 may 2025 strip paint off miniatures cheap and easy a how to guide fauxhammer 7 may 2020 sodium isopropyl xanthate sipx xanthate 3dchem com archived from the original on 4 may 2012 retrieved 17 june 2012 guide to local production who recommended handrub formulations pdf world health organization august 2009 archived pdf from the original on 19 may 2009 retrieved 5 october 2020 otitis externa swimmers ear medical college of wisconsin lindblad adrienne j ting rhonda harris kevin august 2018 inhaled isopropyl alcohol for nausea and vomiting in the emergency department canadian family physician 64 8 580 issn 1715 5258 pmc 6189884 pmid 30108075 burlage henry m welch h price c w 2006 pharmaceutical applications of isopropyl alcohol ii solubilities of local anesthetics journal of the american pharmaceutical association 36 1 17 19 doi 10 1002 jps 3030360105 pmid 20285822 society for experimental biology and medicine 1922 proceedings of the society for experimental biology and medicine volume 19 p 85 archived from the original on 20 december 2021 retrieved 24 september 2016 zubel irena kramkowska małgorzata 30 october 2002 the effect of alcohol additives on etching characteristics in koh solutions sensors and actuators a physical 101 3 255 261 bibcode 2002seaca 101 255z doi 10 1016 s0924 4247 02 00265 0 issn 0924 4247 isopropanol sigma aldrich 19 january 2012 archived from the original on 17 january 2021 retrieved 6 july 2012 mirafzal gholam a baumgarten henry e 1988 control of peroxidizable compounds an addendum journal of chemical education 65 9 a226 bibcode 1988jched 65a 226m doi 10 1021 ed065pa226 chemical safety peroxide formation in 2 propanol chemical engineering news 94 31 2 1 august 2016 archived from the original on 7 november 2017 retrieved 2 november 2017 hazardous substance fact sheet pdf official site of the state of new jersey retrieved 4 november 2023 a b c d e slaughter rj mason rw beasley dm vale ja schep lj 2014 isopropanol poisoning clinical toxicology 52 5 470 8 doi 10 3109 15563650 2014 914527 pmid 24815348 s2cid 30223646 chavez andrew r sweeney michael akpunonu peter 14 december 2021 a case of unintentional isopropanol poisoning via transdermal absorption delayed by weekly hemodialysis the american journal of case reports 22 e934529 doi 10 12659 ajcr 934529 issn 1941 5923 pmc 8689373 pmid 34905533 kalapos m p 2003 on the mammalian acetone metabolism from chemistry to clinical implications biochimica et biophysica acta bba general subjects 1621 2 122 39 doi 10 1016 s0304 4165 03 00051 5 pmid 12726989 isopropyl alcohol poisoning uptodate com archived from the original on 10 october 2017 retrieved 10 october 2017 external links edit cdc niosh pocket guide to chemical hazards isopropyl alcohol environmental health criteria 103 2 propanol v t e alcohols by consumption alcohols found in alcoholic drinks 1 propanol 2 methyl 1 butanol ethanol isoamyl alcohol isobutanol phenethyl alcohol tert amyl alcohol tert butyl alcohol tryptophol medical alcohol ethchlorvynol methylpentynol methanol poisoning ethanol toxic alcohols isopropyl alcohol methanol primary alcohols 1 methanol 4 methylcyclohexanemethanol aminomethanol cyclohexylmethanol methoxymethanol methylazoxymethanol trifluoromethanol ethanol 1 aminoethanol 2 2 2 trichloroethanol 2 2 2 trifluoroethanol 2 2 ethoxyethoxy ethanol 2 2 methoxyethoxy ethanol 2 2 methoxyethoxy ethanol 2 butoxyethanol 2 chloroethanol 2 ethoxyethanol 2 fluoroethanol 2 mercaptoethanol 2 methoxyethanol aminoethylethanolamine diethylethanolamine dimethylethanolamine ethanol ethanolamine n n diisopropylaminoethanol n methylethanolamine phenoxyethanol tribromoethanol butanol 2 methyl 1 butanol isobutanol n butanol straight chain saturated c 1 c 9 methanol ethanol 1 propanol 1 butanol 1 pentanol 1 hexanol 1 heptanol 1 octanol capryl 1 nonanol pelargonic straight chain saturated c 10 c 19 1 decanol capric 1 undecanol hendecyl 1 dodecanol lauryl 1 tridecanol 1 tetradecanol myristyl 1 pentadecanol 1 hexadecanol cetyl palmityl 1 heptadecanol 1 octadecanol stearyl 1 nonadecanol straight chain saturated c 20 c 29 1 icosanol arachidyl 1 heneicosanol 1 docosanol behenyl 1 tricosanol 1 tetracosanol lignoceryl 1 pentacosanol 1 hexacosanol ceryl 1 heptacosanol 1 octacosanol cluytyl montanyl 1 nonacosanol straight chain saturated c 30 c 39 1 triacontanol melissyl myricyl 1 hentriacontanol 1 dotriacontanol lacceryl 1 tritriacontanol 1 tetratriacontanol geddyl 1 pentatriacontanol 1 hexatriacontanol 1 heptatriacontanol 1 octatriacontanol 1 nonatriacontanol straight chain saturated c 40 c 49 1 tetracontanol 1 hentetracontanol 1 dotetracontanol 1 tritetracontanol 1 tetra...
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