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edia the free encyclopedia land given by god to abraham s descendants in the bible this article is about the concept in the abrahamic religions for other uses see promised land disambiguation this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this article relies excessively on references to primary sources please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources find sources promised land news newspapers books scholar jstor november 2018 learn how and when to remove this message this article uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyse them please help improve this article november 2018 learn how and when to remove this message learn how and when to remove this message in abrahamic religions the promised land is an area in the levant that god chose to bestow via a series of covenants upon the family and descendants of abraham the promised land is translated as such in the following languages related to the topic hebrew הָאָרֶץ הַמֻּבְטַחַת romanized ha aretz ha muvtaḥat arabic أرض الميعاد romanized ard almiead biblical greek γῆ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας romanized gē tēs epangelias phoenician 𐤀𐤓𐤑 𐤌𐤁𐤕𐤇𐤕 romanized arṣ mibtāḥat in the context of the hebrew bible these descendants are originally understood to have been the israelites whose forefather was jacob who was a son of abraham s son isaac the concept of the promised land largely overlaps with the land of israel zion or the holy land in a biblical or religious sense and with canaan or palestine in a secular or geographic sense although the book of numbers provides some definition for the promised land s boundaries they are not delineated with precision but it is universally accepted that the core areas lie in and around jerusalem vague according to the biblical account the promised land was not inherited until the israelite conquest of canaan which took place shortly after the exodus these promises were given to abram later called abraham before the birth of his sons abraham s family tree includes both the ishmaelite tribes the claimed ancestry of arabs and of the islamic prophet muhammad through abraham s first son ishmael and the israelite tribes claimed ancestors of jews and samaritans descended through abraham s second son isaac biblical narrative edit estimated borders based on biblical interpretation of numbers 34 and ezekiel 47 see also land of israel biblical borders the concept of the promised land is first mentioned in the book of genesis which is the first book of the torah which collectively refers to the first five books of the hebrew bible note 1 god s covenant with abraham edit god is believed in the abrahamic religions to have made the following promises to abraham which are recorded in several verses of genesis the l ord had said to abram leave your country your people and your father s household and go to the land i will show you genesis 12 1 new international version niv the l ord appeared to abram and said to your offspring or seed i will give this land genesis 12 7 niv god repeated the promise in genesis 13 14 17 the l ord said to abram after lot had separated from him lift up your eyes and look from the place where you are northward and southward and eastward and westward for all the land that you see i will give to you and to your offspring forever i will make your offspring as the dust of the earth so that if one can count the dust of the earth your offspring also can be counted arise walk through the length and the breadth of the land for i will give it to you genesis 13 14 17 english standard version later in a passage called the covenant of the pieces genesis 15 18 21 sets out an account of god s gift to abram a huge amount of land defined by its borders gevulot ha aretz 1 on that day the lord made a covenant with abram and said to your descendants i give this land from the wadi of egypt to the great river the euphrates the land of the kenites kenizzites kadmonites hittites perizzites rephaites amorites canaanites girgashites and jebusites genesis 15 18 21 niv these promises attributed to god were given prior to the birth of abraham s sons 2 god s further promise was given when abraham was 99 years of age after his first son ishmael had been born i will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojournings all the land of canaan for an everlasting possession and i will be their god genesis 17 8 esv subsequent confirmations edit god later confirms the promise to abraham s son isaac genesis 26 3 and then to isaac s son jacob genesis 28 13 in terms of the land on which you are lying jacob is later renamed israel genesis 32 28 and his descendants are called the children of israel or the twelve tribes of israel the torah s subsequent book of exodus describes it as land flowing with milk and honey exodus 3 17 and gives verses on how to treat the prior occupants and marks the borders in terms of the red sea the sea of the philistines and the river which a modern english bible translates to i will establish your borders from the red sea to the mediterranean sea and from the desert to the euphrates river i will give into your hands the people who live in the land and you will drive them out before you do not make a covenant with them or with their gods do not let them live in your land or they will cause you to sin against me because the worship of their gods will certainly be a snare to you exodus 23 31 33 the israelites lived in a smaller area of former canaanite land and land east of the jordan river after the legendary prophet moses led the israelite exodus out of egypt numbers 34 1 12 the torah s book of deuteronomy presents this occupation as their god s fulfillment of the promise deuteronomy 1 8 moses anticipated that their god might subsequently give the israelites land reflecting the boundaries of the original promise if they were obedient to the covenant deuteronomy 19 8 9 boundaries from the book of numbers edit the boundaries of the promised land given in the book of numbers chapter 34 are the south border v 3 then your south quarter shall be from the wilderness of zin along by the coast of edom and your south border shall be the outmost coast of the salt sea eastward v 4 and your border shall turn from the south to the ascent of akrabbim and pass on to zin and the going forth thereof shall be from the south to kadesh barnea and shall go on to hazar addar and pass on to azmon v 5 and the border shall fetch a compass from azmon unto the river of egypt and the goings out of it shall be at the sea the western border v 6 and as for the western border ye shall even have the great sea for a border this shall be your west border the north border v 7 and this shall be your north border from the great sea ye shall point out for you mount hor v 8 from mount hor ye shall point out your border unto the entrance of hamath and the goings forth of the border shall be to zedad v 9 and the border shall go on to ziphron and the goings out of it shall be at hazar enan this shall be your north border the east border v 10 and ye shall point out your east border from hazar enan to shepham v 11 and the coast shall go down from shepham to riblah on the east side of ain and the border shall descend and shall reach unto the side of the sea of chinnereth eastward v 12 and the border shall go down to jordan and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea this shall be your land with the coasts thereof round about 3 interpretations edit jewish interpretation edit the concept of the promised land is a central religious belief of the jewish people 4 5 better source needed mainstream jewish tradition regards the promise made to abraham isaac and jacob as applying to anyone a member of the jewish people including proselytes and in turn their descendants 6 and is signified through the brit milah rite of circumcision genesis 15 18 records god s covenant with abraham which includes the borders of the promised land 7 8 בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כָּרַת ה אֶת אַבְרָם בְּרִית לֵאמֹר לְזַרְעֲךָ נָתַתִּי אֶת הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת מִנְּהַר מִצְרַיִם עַד הַנָּהָר הַגָּדֹל נְהַר פְּרָת in english 9 on that day god made a covenant with abraham to your offspring i assign this land from the river of egypt to the great river the river euphrates the contemporary torah book of joshua 1 4 records the first prophecy given to joshua about the conquest of the land 10 11 מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן הַזֶּ֜ה וְֽעַד הַנָּהָ֧ר הַגָּד֣וֹל נְהַר פְּרָ֗ת כֹּ֚ל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחִתִּ֔ים וְעַד הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֣וֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה גְּבוּלְכֶֽם in english 12 your territory will extend from the desert to lebanon and from the great river the euphrates all the hittite country to the mediterranean sea in the west the jps tanakh christian interpretation edit imagined painting by frans pourbus the elder c 1565 1580 depicting the israelite s god showing moses the promised land new testament edit in the new testament the descent and promise is reinterpreted along religious lines 13 in the epistle to the galatians paul the apostle draws attention to the formulation of the promise avoiding the term seeds in the plural meaning many people choosing instead seed meaning one person who he understands to be jesus and those united with him for example in galatians 3 16 he notes the promises were spoken to abraham and to his seed scripture does not say and to seeds meaning many people but and to your seed meaning one person who is christ 14 in galatians 3 28 29 paul goes further noting that the expansion of the promise from singular to the plural is not based on genetic physical association but a spiritual religious one there is neither jew nor gentile neither slave nor free neither male nor female for you are all one in christ jesus if you belong to christ then you are abraham s seed and heirs according to the promise 15 in romans 4 13 it is written it was not through the law that abraham and his offspring received the promise that he would be heir of the world but through the righteousness that comes by faith german lutheran old testament commentator johann friedrich karl keil states that the covenant is through isaac but notes that ishmael s descendants have held much of that land through time 16 jerome edit the boundaries of the promised land given by jerome around 400 ce read you may delineate the promised land of moses from the book of numbers ch 34 as bounded on the south by the desert tract called sina between the dead sea and the city of kadesh barnea which is located with the arabah to the east and continues to the west as far as the river of egypt that discharges into the open sea near the city of rhinocolara as bounded on the west by the sea along the coasts of palestine phoenicia coele syria and cilicia as bounded on the north by the circle formed by the taurus mountains 17 and zephyrium and extending to hamath called epiphany syria as bounded on the east by the city of antioch hippos and lake kinneret now called tiberias and then the jordan river which discharges into the salt sea now called the dead sea 18 19 later theologians edit keil and delitzsch in the 19th century note that abraham had taken the western lands of canaan after lot his nephew had chosen to occupy the jordan valley in genesis 13 11 12 but lot in fact had no share in the promise of god and the words northward and southward and eastward and westward all the land that you see in genesis 13 14 15 indicate that abraham was promised the whole extent of the land 20 muslim interpretation edit main articles ishmael in islam genealogy and association with arabs quraysh origins and family tree of muhammad jewish and muslim tradition with records that date to at least as far back as the works of 1st century jewish historian flavius josephus postulates that abraham s first son ishmael was the founder of the arab race 21 islam s main prophet muhammad also considered himself a hanif that is a true monotheistic believer of the religion of abraham his tribe the quraysh traces its ancestry to ishmael however this cannot be proven as there are 30 missing ancestors from the lineage citation needed for these reasons muslims in general understand that arabs are also entitled to the promised land bestowed upon their common ancestor abraham ibrahim later uses edit american colonialism edit many european colonists saw america as the promised land representing a haven from religious conflicts and persecution for instance puritan minister john cotton s 1630 sermon god s promise to his plantation gave colonizers departing england to massachusetts repeated references to the exodus story and later german immigrants sang america is a beautiful land that god promised to abraham 22 in a sermon celebrating independence in 1783 yale president ezra stiles implied that americans were chosen and delivered from bondage to a promised land the lord shall have made his american israel high above all nations which he hath made 23 reflecting language from deuteronomy of the promise shawnee lenape scholar steven newcomb argued in his 2008 book pagans in the promised land decoding the doctrine of christian discovery 24 that christendom s discovery doctrine was also the same claim of the right to kill and plunder non christians found in this covenant tradition whereby the lord in deuteronomy told his chosen people how they were to utterly destroy the many nations before thee when he brought them into the land he had discovered and promised to his chosen people to possess and that this right was woven into us law through the 1823 johnson v mcintosh supreme court ruling 25 african american spirituals edit african american spirituals invoke the imagery of the promised land as heaven or paradise 26 and as an escape from slavery which could often only be reached by death citation needed the imagery and term also appear elsewhere in popular culture in sermons and in speeches such as martin luther king jr s 1968 i ve been to the mountaintop in which he said i just want to do god s will and he s allowed me to go up to the mountain and i ve looked over and i ve seen the promised land i may not get there with you but i want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the promised land so i m happy tonight i m not worried about anything i m not fearing any man mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the lord 27 palestinian nationalism edit some palestinians claim partial descent from the israelites and maccabees as well as from other peoples who have lived in the region 28 1845 salomon munk palestine description géographique historique et archéologique in l univers pittoresque under the name palestine we comprehend the small country formerly inhabited by the israelites and which is today part of acre and damascus pachalics it stretched between 31 and 33 n latitude and between 32 and 35 degrees e longitud...
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