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guá 糜 môi zhangzhou muâi the adoption of amoy and quanzhou pronunciations like 歹勢 pháinn sè zhangzhou bái pháinn sì 百 pah zhangzhou peeh etc general pronunciation differences can be shown as below penang hokkien amoy hokkien zhangzhou dialect example 8th tone 4 8th tone 4 8th tone 12 e ue e 細 sè ee e ee 蝦 hêe enn inn enn 生 senn eng ing iəŋ ing iəŋ 生 seng ek ik iək̚ ik iək̚ 色 sek iaunn ionn iunn ionn 想 siāunn iong iang iong iang 相 siong in un in 銀 gîn j l j 入 ji̍p oo ng oo 兩 nōo u i i 魚 hû ue e ue 火 hué ua ue ua 話 uā uinn ng uinn 酸 suinn loanwords edit due to penang s linguistic and ethnic diversity penang hokkien is in close contact with many other languages and dialects which are drawn on heavily for loanwords 15 these include malay teochew cantonese and english malay edit like other dialects in malaysia and singapore penang hokkien borrows heavily from malay but sometimes to a greater extent than other hokkien dialects e g penang hokkien malay other hokkien definition note ān ting anting 耳鉤 hīnn kau earring bā lái balai polis 警察局 kíng tshat kio̍k police station bā lú 峇屢 baru 拄才 tú tsiah new ly just now bān san 萬山 bangsal 菜市仔 tshài tshī á market see also pá sat 巴剎 báng kû bangku 椅條 í liâu stool bá tû 礣砥 batu 石頭 tsio̍h thâu stone bēr liân berlian 璇石 suān tsio̍h diamond bī nā tang binatang 動物 tōng bu̍t animal 禽獸 khîm siù is also frequently used gâ tái 疨㾂 gatal 癢 tsiūnn itchy gēr lí gî lí 疑理 geli 噁 ònn creepy hair raising jiám bân 染蠻 jamban 便所 piān sóo toilet kan nang tsû kan lang tsû 蕳砃薯 kentang 馬鈴薯 má lîng tsû potato kau în kau îng 交寅 kahwin 結婚 kiat hun marry khit siàn 乞善 kesian 可憐 khó liân pity lām peng lampin 尿帕仔 jiō phè á diaper lô ti 羅知 roti 麵包 mī pau bread ló kun 老君 dukun 醫生 i seng doctor lui 鐳 duit 錢 tsînn money má ná 嗎哪 mana 當時 tang sî 啥物時陣 siánn mih sî tsūn as if since when mā nek manik 珠仔 tsu á bead má tâ 馬打 mata mata 警察 kíng tshat police pá sat 巴剎 pasar 菜市仔 tshài tshī á market see also bān san 萬山 pīng gang pinggang 腰 io waist pún 呠 僨 pun 也 iā also lā sa rasa 感覺 kám kak to feel sá bûn 雪文 sabun 茶箍 tê khoo soap other varieties of hokkien including some taiwanese varieties also use 雪文 sá bûn sâm pá 儳㞎 sampah 糞埽 pùn sò garbage sa yang 捎央 sayang 愛 ài to love what a pity som bóng 森妄 sombong 勢利 sè lī snobbish soo tong 蘇東 sotong 鰇魚 jiû hû squid cuttlefish su kā su kah 私合 suka 愛 ài to like tá hān 扙捍 tahan 忍耐 lím nāi endure ta pí 焦比 逐比 tapi 但是 毋過 tān sī m̄ koh but to lóng 多琅 tolong 鬥相共 tàu sann kāng help 鬥相共 tàu sann kāng is also frequently used tong kat 杖楬 tongkat 枴仔 kuái á walking stick tser la kà celaka 該死 kai sí damn it tsiám pó campur 摻 tsham to mix tua la 大帤 tuala 面巾 bīn kin towel there are also many hokkien words which have been borrowed into malay sometimes with slightly different meanings e g malay penang hokkien definition notes beca 馬車 bée tshia horse cart bihun 米粉 bí hún rice vermicelli jepun 日本 ji̍t pún japan loteng 樓頂 lâu téng upstairs originally means attic in hokkien kicap 鮭汁 kê tsiap fish sauce originally means sauce in hokkien kongsi 公司 kong si to share originally means company firm clan association in hokkien kuaci 瓜子 kua tsí edible watermelon seeds kuetiau 粿條 kué tiâu flat rice noodle kuih 粿 kué rice flour cake mi 麵 mī noodles sinseh 先生 sin senn traditional chinese doctor tauhu 豆腐 taū hū tofu tauke 頭家 thâu kee boss teh 茶 têe tea teko 茶鈷 têe kóo teapot tionghua tionghoa 中華 tiong huâ chinese of relating to china tiongkok 中國 tiong kok china tukang 廚工 tû kang craftsman other chinese varieties edit there are words in penang hokkien that originated from other varieties of chinese spoken in and around malaysia e g penang hokkien originated from definition note 愛 ài teochew want other varieties of hokkien use 欲 beh 我 wá teochew i me originally pronounced as guá in hokkien however penang hokkien has adopted the teochew pronunciation 我儂 wá lâng teochew we us may be shortened to wang uang 卬 other varieties of hokkien use 阮 gún guán 汝儂 lú lâng teochew you guys may be shortened to luang 戎 other varieties of hokkien use 恁 lín 伊儂 i lâng teochew they theirs may be shortened to yang iang 傇 other varieties of hokkien use 𪜶 亻因 in 無變 bô piàn teochew nothing can be done 豬母酸 豬母霜 tu bó suinn tu bó sng teochew octopus particularly as food from local teochew 豬母酸 tṳ bó sṳng 啱 ngam cantonese fit suitable 大佬 tāi lôu cantonese bro boss penang hokkien uses pronunciation from cantonese 緊張 kán tsiong kín tsiong cantonese nervous from the cantonese pronunciation 緊張 gán jēung or a compound of hokkien 緊 kín cantonese 張 jēung the original hokkien pronunciation would be kín tiaunn kín tionn 無釐頭 môu lêi thāu cantonese makes no sense from cantonese 無厘頭 mòuh lèih tàuh 豬腸粉 tsý tshiông fân cantonese chee cheong fun penang hokkien uses pronunciation from cantonese 雲吞 uān than cantonese wantan penang hokkien uses pronunciation from cantonese 濕濕碎 sa̋p sa̋p sêoi cantonese easy a piece of cake penang hokkien uses pronunciation from cantonese 死父 sí pēe singaporean hokkien very originated from teochew 死父 sí pĕ and adopted from singaporean hokkien 死爸 sí pē 我老兮 wá lāu ê singaporean hokkien oh my god oh no english edit penang hokkien has also borrowed some words from english some of which may have been borrowed via malay often these words tend to be more technical and less well embedded than the malay words e g brake park pipe pump etc however some are used in common everyday language e g penang hokkien english other hokkien note a bôi 阿 bôi boy 囝 kiánn familiar term of address for one s own son also used generally to refer to someone else s son or younger male around one s son s age a gêr 阿 gêr girl 查某囝 tsa bóo kiánn familiar term of address for one s own daughter also used generally to refer to someone else s daughter or younger female around one s daughter s age áng kér 安哥 uncle 阿叔 a tsek familiar term of address for a man around one s father s age also used generally to refer to any middle aged or older man án tí 安娣 aunty 阿姨 a î familiar term of address for a woman around one s mother s age also used generally to refer to any middle aged or older woman kú shérn 古申 cushion 墊 tiām lée liô 黎撩 radio 收音機 siu im ki móo tó 摩哆 motorcycle 摩托車 môo thok tshia derives from motor in motorcycle sée le̋rt 沙律 salad 沙拉 sa la sóo fá 沙發 sofa 膨椅 phòng í thai edit penang hokkien also contains words which are thought to come from thai e g penang hokkien definition other hokkien note pua̍t 鈸 鏺 1 10 of a unit of currency i e 10 sen cents e g 50 sen 五鈸 gōo pua̍t 角 kak etymology ultimately unknown but thought to come from thai baht entertainment edit in recent years a number of movies that incorporate the use of penang hokkien have been filmed as part of wider efforts to preserve the language s relevance 16 among the more recent movies are the journey which became the highest grossing malaysian film in 2014 and you mean the world to me the first movie to be filmed entirely in penang hokkien another contribution to the entertainment landscape is the penang hokkien podcast as an initiative in the realm of penang hokkien entertainment the penang hokkien podcast complements the efforts to preserve the language s relevance it serves as an audio medium that celebrates the culture and humour associated with penang hokkien in the doctor who series the first language to be used other than english was hokkien this occurred in a dialogue translated by the penang born actress pik sen lim in the mind of evil serial 1971 lim also used penang hokkien in the british sitcom mind your language 1977 79 when portraying the character chung su lee a chinese national speak hokkien campaign edit the speak hokkien campaign is a social movement aimed at the revitalisation and promotion of the hokkien language with a particular focus on preserving its use among hokkien speaking communities worldwide launched online on 12 jul 2015 the campaign began as a grassroots initiative on facebook by hokkien speakers from penang malaysia and has since grown into an active platform for spreading awareness and fostering pride in the language while its roots lie in penang hokkien the campaign also shares information about other variants of hokkien spoken in regions such as singapore the philippines indonesia taiwan and beyond emphasising the language s diversity and cultural richness the campaign contrasts with singapore s government led speak mandarin campaign advocating instead for the preservation and use of hokkien the facebook page is operated by members of the persatuan bahasa hokkien pulau pinang hokkien language association of penang a non governmental organisation officially established in 2014 to safeguard the linguistic and cultural heritage of penang hokkien through its online presence the speak hokkien campaign plays a crucial role in uniting hokkien speaking communities globally and inspiring a renewed appreciation for the language see also edit hokkien architecture hokkien culture hokkien media hoklo people lan nang oe philippine hokkien medan hokkien place and street names of penang singaporean hokkien southern malaysia hokkien taiwanese hokkien written hokkien notes edit min is believed to have split from old chinese rather than middle chinese like other varieties of chinese 1 2 3 the open mid front unrounded vowel ɛ is a feature of zhangzhou hokkien from which penang hokkien is derived tâi lô records this vowel as ee it is much less commonly written in pe̍͘h ōa jī as it has merged with e in mainstream taiwanese and amoy hokkien however it may be written as a distinct vowel in pe̍͘h ōa jī using ɛ or e͘ with a dot above right by analogy with o͘ references edit mei tsu lin 1970 tones and prosody in middle chinese and the origin of the rising tone harvard journal of asiatic studies 30 86 110 doi 10 2307 2718766 jstor 2718766 pulleyblank edwin g 1984 middle chinese a study in historical phonology vancouver university of british columbia press p 3 isbn 978 0 7748 0192 8 hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin bank sebastian 10 july 2023 glottolog 4 8 min glottolog leipzig max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology doi 10 5281 zenodo 7398962 archived from the original on 13 october 2023 retrieved 13 october 2023 reclassifying iso 639 3 nan pdf github 31 august 2021 retrieved 28 july 2022 dialects and languages in numbers penang monthly archived from the original on 16 may 2017 retrieved 5 may 2017 1 2 mok opalyn 14 july 2015 saving the penang hokkien language one word at a time malay mail archived from the original on 10 april 2019 ong teresa wai see 2020 safeguarding penang hokkien in malaysia attitudes and community driven efforts linguistics journal 14 1 ding weilun 丁伟伦 23 june 2016 fāngyán kètí shàng piān jiǎng huáyǔ yùndòng chōngjí dà niánqīng rén shuō bu chū fāngyán 方言课题上篇 讲华语运动 冲击大年轻人说不出方言 dialect topic part 1 speak mandarin campaign hits young people unable to speak dialects kwong wah yit poh in chinese archived from the original on 6 november 2019 retrieved 5 may 2021 koh aun qi 9 september 2017 penang hokkien and its struggle for survival new naratif archived from the original on 14 november 2017 mok opalyn 19 august 2017 has mandarin replaced hokkien in penang malay mail archived from the original on 4 september 2019 randy mulyanto 24 january 2021 meet the malaysian on a mission to make hokkien great again amid mandarin s rising popularity in southeast asia south china morning post retrieved 22 december 2023 li zhiyong 李志勇 7 september 2017 dà mǎ fāngyán zài xìng èr huáyǔ hé fāngyán shìbùliǎnglì 大马方言再兴 二 华语和方言势不两立 malaysiakini in chinese archived from the original on 7 september 2017 ting su hie teng jonathan zie ming 1 november 2021 chinese teenagers perceptions of vitality of hokkien chinese in penang malaysia international journal of the sociology of language 272 185 217 doi 10 1515 ijsl 2020 0024 issn 1613 3668 1 2 3 chuang ching ting chang yueh chin hsieh feng fan 2013 complete and not so complete tonal neutralization in penang hokkien via academia edu de gijzel luc 2009 english penang hokkien pocket dictionary george town penang areca books isbn 978 983 44646 0 8 loh arnold 29 december 2015 shooting to begin for first penang hokkien film the star online retrieved 6 may 2017 further reading edit de gijzel luc 2009 english penang hokkien pocket dictionary george town penang areca books isbn 978 983 44646 0 8 douglas carstairs 1899 1873 chinese english dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of amoy with the principal variations of the chang chew and chin chew dialects 2nd corrected ed london publishing office of the presbyterian church of england isbn 1 86210 068 3 cite book isbn date incompatibility help bound with barclay thomas 1923 supplement to dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of amoy shanghai commercial press external links edit learn penang hokkien in hokkien poj memes and movie quotes in penang hokkien penang hokkien podcast v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e languages of malaysia main official malaysian english comparison with british english arabic families austroasiatic aslian austronesian north bornean kayan murik land dayak malayic philippine sama bajaw tai kadai tai natives indigenous nationwide malay peninsular malaysia batek cheq wong duanoʼ jah hut jahai jakun jedek johor riau malay johor malay malaccan malay selangor malay judeo malay 2 kedah malay kelantan pattani malay kenaboi 1 kensiu kintaq kristang lanoh mah meri minriq mintil negeri sembilan malay mos orang kanaq orang seletar pahang malay perak malay reman malay sabüm 1 semai semaq beri semelai semnam southern thai temiar temoq 2 temuan terengganu malay tioman malay wila 1 east malaysia abai bahau bajau belait berawan biatah bintulu bonggi bookan bruneian kedayan malay brunei bisaya bukar sadong bukitan coastal kadazan daro matu dumpas dusun eastern kadazan ganaʼ iban idaʼan jagoi jangkang kajaman kalabakan kanowit kayan kelabit kendayan keningau murut kinabatangan kiput klias river ka...
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