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g on the actual crime of sex trafficking and the economic system that allows it to flourish according to the research these narratives disempower sex trafficked people through repeated language of vulnerability and innocence the researchers explain that the lack of information provided in these campaigns hinders their success campaigns will throw out huge numbers of women exploited into sex work but gives no context to the system that allows sex trafficking to flourish 193 in 1994 global alliance against traffic in women was established to combat trafficking in women on any grounds it is an alliance of more than 100 non governmental organizations from africa asia europe latin america the caribbean and north america 194 the popular tv channel mtv started a campaign to combat sex trafficking the initiative called mtv exit end exploitation and trafficking is a multimedia initiative produced by mtv exit foundation formerly known as the mtv europe foundation to raise awareness and increase prevention of human trafficking 195 196 another campaign is the a21 campaign abolishing injustice in the 21st century which focuses on addressing human trafficking through a holistic approach 197 they provide potential victims with the education and valuable information on how to best reduce their likelihood of being trafficked through strategies that reduce their vulnerability the organization also provides safe environments for victims and runs restoration programs in their aftercare facilities 197 in addition they provide legal council and representation to victims so they can prosecute their traffickers another key component of the campaign is to help influence legislation to enact more comprehensive laws that place more traffickers in prison 197 the vast majority of victims who received assistance were from the netherlands and the number of victims served increased by 42 percent from 2012 the campaign allocates the majority of their funds to providing victims health and nutritional care and education not for sale provides a safe shelter for victims and empowers them with life skills and job training 198 this helps trafficked individuals re enter into the workforce through a dignified form of work in the organization s 2013 annual impact report it was determined that 75 percent of the victims had been sexually exploited 199 while globalization fostered new technologies that may exacerbate sex trafficking technology can also be used to assist law enforcement and anti trafficking efforts a study was done on online classified ads surrounding the super bowl a number of reports have noticed increase in sex trafficking during previous years of the super bowl 200 for the 2011 super bowl held in dallas texas the backpage website for the dallas area experienced a 136 percent increase on the number of posts in the adult section that sunday typically sundays were known to be the day of the week with the lowest number of posts in the adult section researchers analyzed the most salient terms in these online ads and found that most commonly used words suggested that many escorts were traveling across state lines to dallas specifically for the super bowl also the self reported ages were higher than usual which conveys that an older population of sex workers were drawn to the event but since these are self reported the data is not reliable despite a lot of media hype about a supposed spike in sex trafficking surrounding the super bowl academics and anti trafficking campaigners have said this is largely a myth they say that while the commercial sex market does grow modestly during large events sex trafficking is a year round problem 201 202 twitter was another social networking platform studied for detecting sex trafficking digital tools can be used to narrow the pool of sex trafficking cases albeit imperfectly and with uncertainty 203 celebrity campaigns realmendontbuygirls edit scholars have examined how high profile anti trafficking campaigns circulated through western media reinforce gendered narratives about trafficking emphasizing a girl versus pimp dichotomy 204 the real men don t buy girls campaign launched by demi moore and ashton kutcher and amplified through western popular culture has received criticism since its release in 2010 intersectional scholars argue that the initiative portrays trafficking primarily as the exploitation of young girls by predatory men focusing on individual bad actors while overlooking the social and economic systems poverty labor market exploration immigration barriers and gender inequality that shape susceptibility to exploitation 204 critics also note that the campaign s language undermines survivor autonomy and reinforces narrow assumptions about victimhood the phrase real men ties morality to masculinity and the focus on victims as girls reinforces a gendered and infantilizing narrative thereby marginalizing adult male transgender and gender non conforming victims 205 206 through celebrity amplification and social media the campaign shapes public perception of trafficking influencing who is recognized as a victim and who receives attention or aid by circulating globally realmendontbuygirls reproduces western centric rescue narratives that reduce complex forms of exploitation to simplified stories of villains victims and saviors 204 these narratives often ignore local perspectives and analyses in countries where trafficking occurs including voluntary sex work and locally informed assessments of safety profitability and exploitation 204 end demand edit the term end demand refers to anti sex trafficking strategies that focus on the johns the sex buyers a common strategy is to make it a crime to buy sex whether consensual or not end demand is very popular in some countries including the united states and canada 207 in the 1990s for example specific media attention was paid to sex trafficking of women outside the united states the feminist reaction to this at the time was to not just call for social services for trafficked people but also for harsher punishments for johns proponents of the end demand strategy support initiatives such as john schools to rehabilitate the johns increased arrests of johns and public shaming e g billboards and websites that publicly name johns who were caught 207 208 209 john schools were pioneered in san francisco in 1995 and now used in many cities across the u s as well as other countries such as the uk and canada some compare john schools programs to driver s safety courses because first offenders can pay a fee to attend class es on the harms of prostitution and upon completion the charges against the john will be dropped another initiative in line with the end demand strategy is the cross country tour ignite the road to justice launched by the 2011 miss canada tara teng teng s initiative circulates a petition to end the demand for commercial sex that drives prostitution and sex trafficking end demand efforts also include large scale public awareness campaigns campaigns were started in sweden massachusetts rhode island and atlanta georgia massachusetts and rhode island also had legislative efforts that criminalized prostitution and increased end demand efforts by targeting johns 207 the atlanta campaign ran from 2006 to 2008 and was titled dear john it ran ads in local media reaching out to potential johns to discourage them from buying sex the ads mimicked a break up letter to john citation needed critics of the dear john campaign focus on the male demand aspect of the campaign and find that this style of campaign reinforces gendered racialized and sexualized assumptions about johns and trafficked women the historical discourse in the u s concerning johns is racially charged an example of this racialized nature is associated with the temptations of thai massage parlors despite these objections lawmakers have found this messaging morally compelling the campaign was run by locals of atlanta advocates for the campaign informed citizens through media that young women were the ones being arrested while the johns were not 193 contextual analysis research has shown the essentialized nature of the campaign the dear john campaign posters define women in terms of their relationship to sex they also only depict white girls in the images inferring that the only victims worth caring about are young white and innocent 193 there are no images of johns in the campaign posters a plausible explanation for this would be an effort by the campaign to widen the scope of the messaging and to avoid racial stereotypes conversely the racial stereotypes of trafficked girls is made clear this excludes a majority of victims who do not identify with the image that the poster conveys lawmakers in atlanta were fully behind the campaign as a statement to the public that they will not tolerate the purchasing of sex these public statements are in stark contrast to the actual amount of funding that the city gave to organizations who provide housing and services for victims the city did no research into the effectiveness of the campaign and therefore there is no data on its actual impact on the city it is also important to note that the campaign ads were only in english and many people are not familiar with the dear john reference lawmakers believe that the campaign was effective in bringing awareness to the issue and therefore shaped public opinion and policy 193 recognition of males in the global fight against trafficking edit the lack of conversation advocacy legal social support services and academic work around the sexual exploitation of men and boys can be traced to larger social discourses surrounding male sexuality dominance and behavior media representations of masculinity and sexual dominance contribute to the idea that men cannot be victims especially in regards to sex related crimes the lack of public knowledge and attention to male victimhood and vulnerability is strongly reflected in the quality of services and strength of legal frameworks available to male victims of sex trafficking 210 experts describe the perceived agency and resilience in young males to be a strong force in deterring male victims from seeking the support they need and discouraging male inclusive anti trafficking service and support networks from forming in the first place 211 within the spare support frameworks for male victims that do exist the specific vulnerabilities of different populations in different areas around the world regarding nationality and migration status sexual orientation drug use socio economic status health status family structure and more are often unaddressed leaving crucial groups needs unmet the double stigma that surrounds male victims of sex trafficking involving homosexuality and sex work more broadly makes it incredibly difficult for male victims to come forward and seek help or even to self organize some scholars report that male victims have also faced higher rates of police violence and brutality than female victims in regards to contact with law enforcement 212 criminalizing and legalizing prostitution edit laws regarding the purchase and sale of voluntary and involuntary sex vary greatly across the developed world their effects on sex trafficking are difficult to discern in the u s people who immigrate to the u s and have a role in sex trade are criminalized on the bases of if they are voluntarily or involuntarily brought to the u s or come to the u s through sex trafficking or consensual sex work prostitution one tactic used to identify an individual s role within sex trade is the presence of consent within the situation or context which is used to determine if someone is a victim of sex trafficking or a prostitute holes do exist within this framework because the ability to identify consent is not always simple in every case additionally the influence of the criminalization of sex work within a country influences the way people who have a role within slave trade are handled those who immigrate to the u s for sex work if identified as a prostitute instead of a victim of sex trafficking can have their ability to receive legal aid or future citizenship impaired 213 proponents of various forms of criminalization legalization or regulation of prostitution may all argue their model decreases sex trafficking 214 the dutch model of legalization and regulation and the swedish model of criminalizing purchasers and pimps but not prostitutes are often discussed the difference of these models casts the prevention of trafficking against the rights of voluntary sex workers and purchasers it is argued that a hybrid model of licensing sex workers and criminalizing the purchase of unlicensed sex would reduce trafficking without crushing civil rights 214 2017 giving day edit numerous international organizations have partnered to create an anti human trafficking giving day to raise awareness and funds on july 30 2017 this is the day designated by the united nations as the world day against trafficking in persons the giving day is being hosted by charidy com a crowdfunding platform for non profits 215 the general assembly in 2010 adopted the global plan of action to combat trafficking in persons encouraging governments around the world to undergo drastic measures in order defeat human trafficking the goal was to put the fight against human trafficking into the united nation s programmes to strengthen positive development and security around the world a main section of the plan is to place a united nations trust fund for the women and children who fell victim of trafficking the trust fund in the plan ensures to assist and protect the victims of trafficking through grants to certified ngos in the future the goal is to make the victims a priority who are come were victims and had issues with migration it also places a focus on the aid to victims who were trafficked by their perpetrator for the goal of sexual relations organ removal forced begging forced criminality and emerging exploitative reasons citation needed the general assembly in the year 2013 gathered a meeting to go over the world s plan of action numerous states also declared july 30 as the world day against trafficking in persons they came to the conclusion that day of remembrance and awareness was crucial to remember the victims the right s they possess and their protection 216 buying sex is a crime edit buying sex is a crime is a slogan used by anti human trafficking and abolitionist groups the first known public use of the slogan was by thetraffickedhuman org 217 in 2016 on a billboard campaign in metro vancouver british columbia 218 thetraffickedhuman org is a coalition that works to end the exploitation of women youth and girls 219 the slogan with the same billboard artwork was also used by buyingsexisacrime ca in 2017 throughout canada including edmonton alberta 220 the slogan was also picked up by the edmonton police s own awareness initiative 22...
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