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ired for online sources such as personal websites that do not have a publication date see wp citeweb access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books note that access date is the date that the url was found to be working and to support the text being cited see automatic date formatting above for details about interaction with use dmy dates and use mdy dates can be hidden or styled by registered editors alias accessdate archive url the url of an archived snapshot of a web page typically used to refer to services such as internet archive see wikipedia using the wayback machine webcite see help using webcite and archive today see help using archive today requires archive date and url by default overridden by url status live the archived link is displayed first with the original link at the end alias archiveurl archive date archive service snapshot date preceded in display by default text archived from the original on use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations this does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates date 1 do not wikilink templated dates are discouraged see automatic date formatting above for details about interaction with use dmy dates and use mdy dates alias archivedate url status the url status parameter should only be included if an archive url is set if omitted or with null value the default value is url status dead when the url is still live but pre emptively archived then set url status live this changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end when the original url is live but no longer supports the article text set url status deviated when the original url has been usurped for the purposes of spam advertising or is otherwise unsuitable setting url status unfit or url status usurped suppresses display of the original url but url and archive url are still required archive format file format of the work referred to by archive url for example pdf doc or xls displayed in parentheses after the archive link html is implied and should not be specified file format annotation is automatically rendered when a pdf icon is displayed does not change the external link icon note external link icons do not include alt text thus they do not add file format information for the visually impaired see using format url access see access indicators for url holding parameters format file format of the work referred to by url for example pdf doc or xls displayed in parentheses after title for media format use type html is implied and should not be specified file format annotation is automatically rendered when a pdf icon is displayed does not change the external link icon note external link icons do not include alt text thus they do not add file format information for the visually impaired see using format urls must begin with a supported uri scheme http and https will be supported by all browsers however ftp gopher irc ircs mailto and news may require a plug in or an external application and should normally be avoided ipv6 host names are currently not supported if urls in citation template parameters contain certain characters then they will not display and link correctly those characters need to be percent encoded for example a space must be replaced by 20 to encode the url replace the following characters with character space encoding 20 22 27 3c 3e 5b 5d 7b 7c 7d single apostrophes do not need to be encoded however unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded however an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion a b access date and archive date in references should all have the same format either the format used for publication dates or yyyy mm dd see mos dateunify chapter url chapter url url of an online location where the text of the publication named by chapter or contribution can be found cannot be used if those parameters are wikilinked should be at the same site as url if any if chapter url is used url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site aliases contribution url section url chapter format format of the work referred to by chapter url for example pdf doc or xls displayed in parentheses after chapter html is implied and should not be specified does not change the external link icon note external link icons do not include alt text thus they do not add format information for the visually impaired anchor ref the citation s html anchor identifier when different from its default when set ref id generates an anchor with the given id the id attribute in the citation s cite id id html tag setting ref id identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references especially useful with short form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing the default anchor id is suitable for use with sfn and harv templates since april 2020 the parameter keyword pair ref harv has no special meaning this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1 2 templates to inhibit anchor id creation set ref none aliases none see template citation doc anchors for harvard referencing templates identifiers id a unique identifier used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable wikilink or use an external link template as applicable for example id ncj 122967 will append ncj 122967 at the end of the citation you can use templates such as id ncj 122967 to append ncj 122967 instead the following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value using multiple values or other text will break the link and or invalidate the identifier in general the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier e g rfc 822 or pmc 345678 arxiv arxiv identifier for example arxiv hep th 9205027 before april 2007 or arxiv 0706 0001 april 2007 december 2014 or arxiv 1501 00001 since january 2015 do not include extraneous file extensions like pdf or html aliases eprint asin amazon standard identification number if first character of asin value is a digit use isbn because this link favours one specific distributor include it only if standard identifiers are not available example asin b00005n5pf aliases asin asin tld asin top level domain for amazon sites other than the us valid values ae au br ca cn de es fr in it jp mx nl pl sa se sg tr uk aliases none bibcode bibcode used by a number of astronomical data systems for example 1974aj 79 819h aliases none biorxiv biorxiv id as in the entire doi e g 10 1101 078733 for http biorxiv org content early 2016 10 01 078733 or https doi org 10 1101 078733 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 for https doi org 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 aliases none citeseerx citeseerx id a string of digits and dots found in a citeseerx url e g 10 1 1 176 341 for http citeseerx ist psu edu viewdoc summary doi 10 1 1 176 341 aliases none doi digital object identifier for example 10 1038 news070508 7 it is checked to ensure it begins with 10 aliases doi supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid dois using a non standard format see below doi broken date date a valid doi was found to be non working inactive at https doi org use the same format as other dates in the article aliases none eissn international standard serial number for the electronic media of a serial publication eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example eissn 1557 2986 aliases eissn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid eissns using a non standard format see below hdl handle system identifier for digital objects and other resources on the internet example hdl 20 1000 100 aliases hdl isbn international standard book number for example 978 0 8126 9593 9 see wikipedia isbn and isbn overview hyphens in the isbn are optional but preferred use the isbn actually printed on or in the book use the 13 digit isbn beginning with 978 or 979 when it is available if only a 10 digit isbn is printed on or in the book use it isbns can be found on the page with the publisher s information usually the back of the title page or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not isbns for sources with the older 9 digit sbn system use sbn do not convert a 10 digit isbn to 13 digit by just adding the 978 prefix the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the isbn invalid this parameter should hold only the isbn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens with x permitted as the last character in a 10 digit isbn and the proper check digit aliases isbn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid isbns using a non standard format see below ismn international standard music number for example 979 0 9016791 7 7 hyphens or spaces in the ismn are optional use the ismn actually printed on or in the work this parameter should hold only the ismn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens and the proper check digit aliases ismn issn international standard serial number eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example issn 2049 3630 aliases issn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid issns using a non standard format see below jfm jahrbuch über die fortschritte der mathematik do not include jfm in the value example jfm 53 0144 01 aliases jfm jstor jstor reference number for example jstor 3793107 aliases jstor lccn library of congress control number when present alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space example lccn 79 57364 or lccn 2004042477 or lccn e09001178 aliases lccn mr mathematical reviews example mr 630583 aliases mr oclc oclc number for looking up publications in the worldcat union catalog example oclc 9355469 aliases oclc ol open library identifier do not include ol in the value example ol 7030731m aliases ol osti office of scientific and technical information example osti 4367507 aliases osti pmc pubmed central use article number for open repository full text of a journal article e g pmc 345678 do not include pmc in the value see also the pmid parameter below these are two different identifiers aliases pmc pmc embargo date date that pmc goes live if this date is in the future then pmc is not linked until that date aliases none pmid pubmed use unique identifier example pmid 17322060 see also the pmc parameter above these are two different identifiers aliases pmid rfc request for comments example rfc 3143 aliases rfc sbn standard book number example sbn 356 02201 3 aliases sbn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid sbns using a non standard format see below ssrn social science research network example ssrn 1900856 aliases ssrn s2cid semantic scholar corpus id example s2cid 37220927 aliases s2cid zbl zentralblatt math example zbl 0472 53010 for zbmath search results like jfm 35 0387 02 use jfm 35 0387 02 aliases zbl in very rare cases valid identifiers f e as actually printed on publications do not follow their defined standard format or use non conforming checksums which would typically cause an error message to be shown do not alter them to match a different checksum in order to suppress the error message some identifiers doi eissn isbn issn and sbn support a special accept this as written markup which can be applied to disable the error checking as param value if the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third party source correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message for some identifiers it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding param access parameter for cite journal some identifiers specifying free resources will automatically be linked to the title when url and title link are not used to specify a different link target this behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for title link to manually select a specific source title link pmc or title link doi for auto linking or to disable the feature title link none it is not necessary to specify a url to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier the url parameter or title link can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible quote quote relevant text quoted from the source displays enclosed in quotes when supplied the citation terminator a period by default is suppressed so the quote must include terminating punctuation if script quote is defined use quote to hold a romanization if available of the text in script quote script quote original quotation for languages that do not use a latin based script arabic chinese cyrillic greek hebrew japanese korean etc not italicized follows italicized romanization defined in quote if available alias none must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script quote tōkyō tawā script quote ja 東京タワー trans quote tokyo tower trans quote english translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language displays in square brackets alias none quote page the number of a single page quoted in quote use either quote page or quote pages but not both should be a subset of the page s specified in page pages or at displays preceded by p unless no pp yes if hyphenated use hyphen to indicate this is intentional e g quote page 3 hyphen 12 alias none or quote pages a list or range of pages quoted in quote use either quote page or quote pages but not both should be a subset of the pages specified in pages or at separate using an en dash separate non sequential pages with a comma displays preceded by pp unless no pp yes is defined hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens for example pp 3 1 3 15 use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of quote pages without processing it and use hyphen to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended quote pages 3 hyphen 1 ndash 3 hyphen 15 alias none editors editor last surname of editor do not wikilink use editor link instead where the surname is usually written first as in chinese or for corporate authors simply use editor last to include the same format as the source aliases editor last1 editor1 last editor surname editor surname1 editor1 surname editor editor1 editor this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor first and last or the name of an editorial committe...
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